CN113835114A - Compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector - Google Patents
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- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ANDNPYOOQLLLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Y].[Lu] Chemical compound [Y].[Lu] ANDNPYOOQLLLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/362—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with scintillation detectors
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector which comprises a metal shell, a reflecting layer, a main crystal, a secondary crystal, a photomultiplier, a voltage division circuit, a digital spectrometer and a data processing system. The method is characterized in that a cylindrical main crystal is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal, a photomultiplier coupling structure is adopted, the counting number of energy deposition occurring on the secondary crystal is deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology, and the counting number of energy deposition occurring only on the main crystal is counted into the energy spectrum. Has the advantages that: the interference caused by cosmic rays in an energy spectrum and background rays in the environment can be effectively reduced, a Compton platform is restrained, and the peak-to-Compton ratio is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ray energy spectrum measurement, and particularly relates to a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector.
Background
The scintillation detector has high detection efficiency, large sensitivity and volume, strong adaptability to the environment, relatively simple electronic system and convenient hand-holding, and is widely applied to the fields of high-energy physics, nuclear medicine, geological exploration, petroleum logging and the like. A scintillation detector assembled by part of inorganic scintillator materials, such as cerium-doped lutetium yttrium silicate and the like, has better time characteristics.
However, the gamma energy spectrum measured by the scintillation detector often has the problem of low peak-to-average ratio, and the measurement of the target ray is easily interfered by background rays and cosmic rays in the environment. The main detector and the anti-coincidence detector of the traditional anti-health spectrometer adopt independent photomultiplier tubes and an electronic system, so that the traditional anti-health spectrometer has poor adaptability to the environment, and the electronic system is complex and is not easy to move.
Therefore, a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector is designed, a cylindrical main crystal is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal, a photomultiplier coupling structure is adopted, interference caused by cosmic rays in an energy spectrum and background rays in the environment can be effectively reduced through a digital data acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology, a Compton platform is restrained, and the peak-to-Compton ratio is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector which can reduce interference caused by cosmic rays in an energy spectrum and background rays in the environment, inhibit a Compton platform and improve peak-to-Compton ratio.
The compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector provided by the invention comprises a metal shell, a reflecting layer, a main crystal, a secondary crystal, a photomultiplier, a voltage division circuit, a digital spectrometer and a data processing system.
The reflecting layer, the main crystal, the secondary crystal, the photomultiplier and the voltage dividing circuit are all arranged in a metal shell.
The main crystal is cerium doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal, with rise time T1 and decay time T2, and is cylindrical in shape, 25.4 mm in diameter and 60 mm in height.
The secondary crystal is a thallium-doped cesium iodide crystal, the rising time T3 and the decay time T4 are cylindrical wells, the well diameter is 27.4 mm, the well depth is 60 mm, the cylinder diameter is 67.4 mm, and the height is 65 mm.
The time parameter relationship is as follows: t4 is greater than 5 times T2 and T3 is greater than 5 times T1.
The primary crystal is embedded in the secondary crystal, and the primary crystal and the secondary crystal except the exit window are coated with a reflective layer and coupled to the exit window of the secondary crystal by a photomultiplier tube.
The photomultiplier is connected with the voltage division circuit, and the digital spectrometer converts the electric signals generated by the voltage division circuit into digital signals and sends the digital signals to the data processing system.
The data processing system integrates a control method for identifying the pulse shape, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, opening a digital spectrometer and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting to record pulses, and waiting for a falling edge;
capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
step five, searching peaks for the smoothed pulses, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peaks is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulses, and the interval between the two peaks is not less than 20 ns;
step six, if the number of the peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the stacking signal is discarded, and if the number of the peaks is one, the processing is continued;
seventhly, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT 4;
and step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1, the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as a track address in the gamma energy spectrum.
Step nine, storing values of rise time, decay time and addresses into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine for N times;
step eleven, taking the rise time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis to form a two-dimensional distribution graph;
and step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution map drawn in the step nine into four regions by using two straight lines with the rising time equal to TR and the decay time equal to TD, and taking values of TR and TD to enable data in the two-dimensional distribution map to be two regions in the four regions most concentrated.
And step thirteen, counting the counts with the rise time less than TR and the decay time less than TD into the energy spectrum.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the gamma energy spectrum measured by the scintillation detector has lower peak-to-average ratio, and the measurement of the target ray is easily interfered by background rays and cosmic rays in the environment. The compton platform is formed because gamma rays are compton scattered one or more times in the main crystal, and a continuous electron spectrum is left after scattered photons escape from the main crystal. The invention adopts a structure that a cylindrical main crystal is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal and a photomultiplier is used for coupling, and counts belonging to a Compton platform, an environmental background and cosmic rays are deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology. Wherein, the situation that the energy deposition occurs in the primary crystal and the secondary crystal belongs to the counting of the Compton platform, the situation that the energy deposition occurs in the secondary crystal or the energy deposition occurs in the secondary crystal and the primary crystal belongs to the counting of the environment background and cosmic rays, and the summary is to deduct the counting of the energy deposition occurring in the secondary crystal from the energy spectrum.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence laminated detector provided by the invention adopts a structure that a cylindrical main crystal is embedded into a cylindrical well-shaped secondary crystal, and a photomultiplier tube is used for coupling, and the count of energy deposition generated in the secondary crystal is deducted from an energy spectrum through a digital acquisition system and a pulse shape identification technology, so that cosmic rays and background rays in the environment can be effectively shielded, a Compton platform is inhibited, and the peak-to-Compton ratio is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a compact high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence laminated detector provided by the invention.
1. Metal shell 2, reflecting layer 3, primary crystal 4, secondary crystal
5. Photomultiplier 6, bleeder circuit 7, digital spectrometer 8, data processing system
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1:
in this example, the primary crystal was a cerium doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal with a rise time of 4 nanoseconds and a decay time of 53 nanoseconds, and was cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 25.4 millimeters and a height of 60 millimeters.
The secondary crystal is a thallium-doped cesium iodide crystal, the rising time is 27 nanoseconds, the decay time is 1000 nanoseconds, the secondary crystal is in a cylindrical well shape, the well diameter is 27.4 millimeters, the well depth is 60 millimeters, the cylindrical diameter is 67.4 millimeters, and the height is 65 millimeters.
The primary crystal is embedded in the secondary crystal, and the parts of the primary crystal and the secondary crystal except the exit window are coated with a titanium dioxide reflecting layer which is coupled with the exit window of the secondary crystal by a photomultiplier tube.
The photomultiplier tube was model number 9305KB and was manufactured by ET Enterprises of the United kingdom with a transit time of 42 nanoseconds.
The voltage divider circuit is of type C636AFN2, and the manufacturer is ET Enterprises, uk.
The reflecting layer, the main crystal, the secondary crystal, the photomultiplier and the voltage dividing circuit are arranged in the aluminum shell, and a high-voltage interface and a signal interface are led out from the voltage dividing circuit.
The digital spectrometer adopts a PCIe-6962 type data acquisition card of Shanghai simple instrument technology, and a signal interface led out from a voltage division circuit is connected to a signal input interface of the data acquisition card.
The data processing system adopts a desktop computer, and the digital spectrometer is inserted into a PCIE interface of the desktop computer.
The desktop computer integrates a control method for identifying the pulse shape, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, opening a digital spectrometer and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting to record pulses, and waiting for a falling edge;
capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
step five, searching peaks for the smoothed pulses, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peaks is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulses, and the interval between the two peaks is not less than 20 ns;
step six, if the number of the peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the stacking signal is discarded, and if the number of the peaks is one, the processing is continued;
seventhly, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT 4;
and step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1, the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as a track address in the gamma energy spectrum.
Step nine, storing values of rise time, decay time and addresses into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine for N times;
step eleven, taking the rise time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis to form a two-dimensional distribution graph;
and step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution map drawn in the step nine into four regions by using two straight lines with the rising time equal to TR and the decay time equal to TD, and taking values of TR and TD to enable data in the two-dimensional distribution map to be two regions in the four regions most concentrated.
And step thirteen, counting the counts with the rise time less than TR and the decay time less than TD into the energy spectrum.
Claims (6)
1. A compact high-energy gamma ray anti-coincidence stacked detector, characterized in that: the primary crystal is embedded in the secondary crystal, and the primary crystal and the secondary crystal except the exit window are coated with a reflective layer and coupled to the exit window of the secondary crystal by a photomultiplier tube.
2. The compact, high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence detector of claim 1, wherein: the main crystal is cerium-doped lutetium yttrium silicate crystal, and is cylindrical, the diameter of the main crystal is 25.4 mm, and the height of the main crystal is 60 mm.
3. The compact, high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence detector of claim 1, wherein: the paracrystal is a thallium-doped cesium iodide crystal, and is in a cylindrical well shape, the well diameter is 27.4 mm, the well depth is 60 mm, the cylinder diameter is 67.4 mm, and the height is 65 mm.
4. The compact, high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence detector of claim 1, wherein: the rise time of the secondary crystal is more than five times of the rise time of the main crystal.
5. The compact, high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence detector of claim 1, wherein: the decay time of the secondary crystal is more than five times of the rise time of the primary crystal.
6. The method for controlling a compact high-energy gamma-ray anti-coincidence detector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the data processing system integrates a control method for identifying the pulse shape, and the specific method is as follows:
step one, opening a digital spectrometer and waiting for the rising edge of a signal;
capturing a rising edge, starting to record pulses, and waiting for a falling edge;
capturing a falling edge, and finishing pulse recording;
step four, performing five-point smoothing on the pulse;
step five, searching peaks for the smoothed pulses, wherein the minimum protrusion amplitude of the searched peaks is not less than 20% of the maximum height of the pulses, and the interval between the two peaks is not less than 20 ns;
step six, if the number of the peaks is more than or equal to two, the recorded pulse is a stacking signal, the stacking signal is discarded, and if the number of the peaks is one, the processing is continued;
seventhly, obtaining time coordinates PT1 and PT2 corresponding to the pulse height of 10% of the maximum value, and time coordinates PT3 and PT4 corresponding to the pulse height of 90% of the maximum value, wherein PT1 is smaller than PT2, and PT3 is smaller than PT 4;
step eight, obtaining the rising time of the pulse as PT3 minus PT1, the decay time as PT4 minus PT2, and calculating the integral area S of the pulse, wherein the integral area S is used as a channel address in the gamma energy spectrum;
step nine, storing values of rise time, decay time and addresses into a matrix;
step ten, waiting for the rising edge of the signal, repeatedly executing the step two to the step nine for N times;
step eleven, taking the rise time recorded in the matrix as a horizontal axis and the decay time as a vertical axis to form a two-dimensional distribution graph;
step twelve, dividing the two-dimensional distribution map drawn in the step nine into four regions by using two straight lines with the rising time equal to TR and the decay time equal to TD, and taking values of TR and TD to enable data in the two-dimensional distribution map to be most concentrated into two regions in the four regions;
and step thirteen, counting the counts with the rise time less than TR and the decay time less than TD into the energy spectrum.
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| CN114280660A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-05 | 吉林大学 | Double-crystal reverse coincidence laminated detector with special shape |
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