CN113833982A - Filling device for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, filling station having such a filling device and storage container filling method - Google Patents

Filling device for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, filling station having such a filling device and storage container filling method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113833982A
CN113833982A CN202011504023.8A CN202011504023A CN113833982A CN 113833982 A CN113833982 A CN 113833982A CN 202011504023 A CN202011504023 A CN 202011504023A CN 113833982 A CN113833982 A CN 113833982A
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China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
filling
compressed
pressure
storage
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202011504023.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
简·安德里亚斯
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Argo GmbH
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Argo GmbH
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Publication of CN113833982A publication Critical patent/CN113833982A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0176—Buses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Abstract

The invention relates to a filling device 100 for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising: a compression device 1 for compressing hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure tank 10 for temporarily storing the compressed hydrogen, and a line system 20, by means of which the hydrogen to be compressed can be supplied to the compression device 1 and then compressed in the compression device 1Can be supplied to a high-pressure tank 10 and from there to a storage vessel to be filled, wherein the compression device 1 comprises a pressure vessel 2 into which a compressed liquid 3 can be fed and into which the hydrogen to be compressed can be passed in gaseous state and compressed to a predetermined pressure P by increasing the liquid volume of the compressed liquid 3 in the pressure vessel 21. The invention also relates to a filling station having a filling device 100 according to the invention and to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen.

Description

Filling device for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, filling station having such a filling device and storage container filling method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a vehicle storage container, with compressed hydrogen. The invention also relates to a filling station and in particular a hydrogen filling station having a filling device of this type. The invention also relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a vehicle storage container, with compressed hydrogen.
Prior Art
Conventional gasoline stations for filling vehicles with gasoline and diesel have long been known. Gas stations are also known in which so-called natural gas vehicles are filled with compressed natural gas at a pressure of 400 to 1000 bar. In this case, natural gas is mostly stored in underground storage tanks at pressures up to 1000 bar and is supplied to the transport means to be filled.
Furthermore, more and more hydrogenation stations have recently been implemented, where suitably retrofitted vehicles or modern fuel cell vehicles can be filled with gaseous hydrogen and/or liquid hydrogen. In these filling stations, which are referred to below as filling stations, gaseous hydrogen and/or liquid hydrogen are transferred to the transport means to be filled via suitable filling connections.
An increasing number of car manufacturers exhibit cars driven by gaseous fuels such as natural gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or hydrogen, including not only cars but also buses, trucks and forklifts. As the number of vehicles operating on compressed gas increases, the number of gasoline stations and especially hydrogen stations also increases. Private customers use hydrogen stations more frequently. Hydrogenation in particular requires re-development of the filling process and other equipment because hydrogen has a higher pressure and lower temperature than natural gas or LPG. However, it is also desirable to keep the cost of hydrogen as low as possible to increase acceptance over other fuels. This means that the investment costs of the gasoline stations must also be kept low.
There are already hydrogen stations where the filling of vehicles with gaseous hydrogen at pressures up to 700 bar is effected. In order to be able to fill a plurality of vehicles one after the other and/or simultaneously, a filling method is generally used in which a large amount of pressurized gaseous hydrogen is temporarily stored in a corresponding pressure buffer. Furthermore, the compressor system to be provided must be dimensioned or designed to ensure the required volume flow.
Various piston or diaphragm compressors are known in the natural gas industry. In particular, piston-driven compressors have the problem here that the seals or double seals they have move with the piston movement and are accordingly subjected to large loads. Once the seal is not tight, the compressor is no longer in operation and must be serviced. There is also a need to detect possible leaks that, if undetected, could be a threat to the environment. The diaphragm type compressor uses a large diaphragm instead of the piston. They can only be actuated at very low pressures and produce only small vibrations or strokes. In this case, it is difficult to see micro-cracks in the film, which may also lead to leakage. Both systems suffer from a fast moving sealing solution, which subjects the seal to extreme pressures. Maintenance of these compressors is rather time consuming, since the compressors are in contact with the gas (hydrogen).
In addition, piston compressors are usually driven by compressed air or hydraulic oil. Because of the thermal expansion inside the compressor, the gas to be compressed (in particular hydrogen) heats up and must be cooled, which is very energy consuming.
In the diaphragm compressor, the head provided with the diaphragm is very heavy, and thus maintenance is very time-consuming, and the diaphragm compressor occupies a large amount of space. Special box solutions have to be specified and the space above the compressor is not available, as this is needed for maintenance. Diaphragm compressors are prone to failure and can only be started or put into operation several times a day (less than 3 to 5 times a day), which makes the control of diaphragm compressors extremely inflexible. This is not feasible in a gasoline station where the fueling cycle varies. When the diaphragm compressor is started only rarely, i.e. when it is running continuously, its service life is long. For this reason, diaphragm compressors are commonly used in the industry where the compressor operates throughout the day.
Accordingly, the piston compressors and diaphragm compressors known at present can only be used to a limited extent in gas stations and in particular in hydrogen stations with unfixed short refuelling cycles.
Furthermore, known gasoline stations specifically designed for vehicle hydrogenation require a large amount of cooling energy. Car filling, for example, requires pre-cooling of the gas (hydrogen) in a split-flow pump at-40 ℃. At-40 ℃, the vehicle can be filled with about 5 kilograms of hydrogen in about 5 minutes without overheating the vehicle's fuel tank system.
The vehicle is usually charged directly from the compressor or forms a high pressure beam with ambient temperature. For ground vehicles requiring more hydrogen, the fill flow rate must be raised from 60 grams/second, as in, for example, cars, to 120 grams/second, or even 180 grams/second. But this means that the gas or hydrogen has to be cooled to a lower temperature and more cooling energy is required.
As already briefly mentioned above, the tightness of the compression device (compressor) is a significant problem when compressing gases, in particular when compressing hydrogen. Hydrogen is the smallest molecule among the molecules that are contained in the earth, which makes it difficult to ensure the sealing of the compression device and the sealing of the entire hydrogen station. If the system, and in particular the compression device, is not sealed tightly, there is a great risk of leakage. Hydrogen becomes very hot in known compression with piston compressors or diaphragm compressors, and therefore cooling means have to be provided to cool the concentrated or compressed gas (hydrogen).
The known hydrogenation stations are very energy intensive because cooling must be carried out after compression of the gas (hydrogen). In conventional hydrogen compression, the amount of energy used to cool the compressed hydrogen is almost as high as the energy required for hydrogen compression itself.
In order to meet the above-mentioned new requirements with regard to the availability of compressed hydrogen, in particular higher filling rates, DE 102009039645 a1 proposes, for example, a device for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, which comprises: a) at least one storage vessel for storing liquid and/or gaseous hydrogen; b) at least one cryogenic pump and/or at least one compressor for compressing hydrogen stored in the storage vessel; c) at least one high pressure storage tank for temporarily storing compressed hydrogen; and d) a line system, by means of which hydrogen from the storage vessel and/or the high-pressure tank is supplied to the storage vessel to be filled, wherein means for cooling and/or heating are assigned to the high-pressure tank.
As described in DE 102016009672 a1, which also describes a hydrogen filling station, there is the problem of boil-off gas in the storage of liquid hydrogen. DE 102016009672 a1 proposes that the boil-off gas of the storage tank be discharged and used for cooling the pipeline. The production of liquid hydrogen is very energy intensive and the efficiency of such a hydrogenation station is correspondingly significantly reduced by the vaporization effect. Because of the low hydrogen temperature, the delivery of liquid hydrogen to the hydrogen station also becomes extremely complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the compression and supply of compressed hydrogen in a filling station for the filling of vehicles, the object of the invention is to provide a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, a filling station having a filling device of this type and a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, which on the one hand reduce the energy usage required for the supply and filling and on the other hand minimize maintenance and operating costs.
The object is achieved by a filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 1, a filling station and in particular a hydrogen filling station according to claim 12 and a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen according to claim 16.
Preferred developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, where the subject matter of the filling device and the filling station can be used within the scope of a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen, and vice versa.
In this case, one of the basic concepts of the invention is that the filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen is equipped with a compression device which, for the compression of hydrogen, has a pressure vessel into which the hydrogen to be compressed can be fed, wherein the hydrogen can preferably be closed off in the pressure vessel by means of a valve and can be compressed by increasing the liquid volume of the compressed liquid, in particular water, which can be fed into the pressure vessel.
In this way, the above-described conventional piston or diaphragm compressor, which is in direct contact with the hydrogen during the hydrogen compression, can be dispensed with, whereby the problems of susceptibility to leakage and the high maintenance costs associated therewith, which are described for this purpose, can be eliminated. Furthermore, when water is used as the compressed liquid, hydrogen contamination (inward diffusion of foreign atoms) can be excluded. In addition, in the hydrogen compression method described, the hydrogen temperature is only slightly increased, so that the conventional hydrogen recooling after compression with a piston compressor or a diaphragm compressor can be dispensed with, as a result of which the energy efficiency of the compression process and thus of the entire filling process can be significantly increased.
According to one aspect of the invention, a filling device for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a transport means, with compressed hydrogen comprises: a compression device for compressing hydrogen to be compressed, at least one high-pressure tank for temporarily storing the compressed hydrogen, and a line system by means of which the hydrogen to be compressed is supplied to the compression device, the hydrogen compressed in the compression device can then be conveyed to the high-pressure tank and can then be supplied from there to a storage container to be filled, wherein the compression device has a pressure vessel into which a compressed liquid, in particular water, can be fed, and the hydrogen to be compressed can be introduced into the pressure vessel in the gaseous state and can be compressed to a predetermined pressure P by increasing the liquid volume of the compressed liquid in the pressure vessel1。
In other words, the storage volume available for hydrogen to be compressed within the pressure vessel may be reduced by feeding a compressed liquid into the pressure vessel, wherein a portion of the compressed liquid may already be present in the pressure vessel, whereby the hydrogen may be compressed to a predetermined or desired pressure. Accordingly, the amount of compressed liquid fed into the pressure vessel determines the change in volume of the storage volume available for the hydrogen to be compressed, and thus the compression of the hydrogen or the increase in hydrogen pressure. In order to be able to compress the hydrogen in the pressure vessel by feeding in a compressed liquid, the hydrogen is preferably enclosed in the pressure vessel by a valve.
In this case, it may be advantageous if the compression device has a cooling device which is designed to: cooling the compressed liquid to a predetermined temperature T, in particular before it is introduced into or into the pressure vessel1In particular at a temperature in the range of from 1 ℃ to 5 ℃, preferably 1 ℃.
In this way, the hydrogen to be compressed can be passively cooled during the compression process by contact with the cooled compressed liquid.
It is also advantageous if the compression device has a supply line which can supply compressed fluid to the pressure vessel, in particular from below.
It is also preferred that the compression device has a storage container in which the compressed liquid, and in particular water, can be temporarily stored. In this way, the cooled compressed liquid can be reused, whereby the energy input for the cooling of the compressed liquid can be reduced.
Furthermore, within the scope of the present invention, the term "vehicle" or other similar terms as used below generally include: automotive vehicles, such as cars including Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), buses, trucks, various commercial vehicles; watercraft including a variety of boats; aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.; hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, hydrogen powered vehicles, and other alternative vehicles. As described herein, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle having two or more energy carriers, such as a vehicle powered by gasoline and simultaneously powered by electricity.
According to a further embodiment, the compression device has a compression mechanism, in particular a high-pressure pump, which is designed to compress the liquid at an operating pressure P of up to 1000 bar2Is supplied to a compression device, in particular to a pressure vessel at a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
It is furthermore preferred that the high-pressure tank is set up for temporarily storing compressed hydrogen at a pressure of up to 1000 bar and/or that the compression device is set up for compressing hydrogen to a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
It is furthermore preferred that the at least one high-pressure tank is divided into a plurality of storage sections, which can preferably be filled and/or emptied independently of one another, and/or that a plurality of high-pressure tanks, which can preferably be filled and/or emptied independently of one another, is provided.
It is also advantageous if the filling device and in particular the control device is designed to remove the temporarily stored hydrogen only from one of the storage sections and/or one of the high-pressure storage tanks at the time of filling the storage vessel until the temperature of the respective storage section and/or of the respective high-pressure accumulator has fallen to a predetermined limit value (T)Lowest level of) Wherein the predetermined limit value is in the range of-20 ℃ to-40 ℃, preferably in the range of-25 ℃ to-35 ℃. If the temperature of the storage section and/or the high-pressure storage tank from which hydrogen is currently taken reaches a predetermined limit value, a switch can be made to another storage section and/or another high-pressure storage vessel in order to avoid supercooling or freezing of the respective storage section and/or the respective high-pressure storage vessel.
In this case, the at least one high-pressure tank may advantageously be arranged in a preferably thermally insulated cooling chamber and may be cooled therein to a predetermined temperature TCooling chamberOr maintained at the temperature, wherein the predetermined temperature T of the cooling chamberCooling chamberMay be in the range of-40 ℃ to 10 ℃, preferably-20 ℃ to 5 ℃, more preferably 1 ℃.
Furthermore, the filling device can have a distribution device (distributor), which is preferably equipped with a temperature control device 50, by means of which the hydrogen supplied to at least one storage vessel, in particular at least one storage vessel of a vehicle, can be pre-regulated as a function of the respectively existing frame conditions, in which case the hydrogen is preferably supplied to the storage vessel at a pressure of between 350 and 700 bar and a temperature of between-33 ℃ and-40 ℃.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the filling device further has a quick connector by means of which the transportable hydrogen storage vessel can be connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the filling device and can be filled with compressed hydrogen.
The invention also relates to a gasoline station, in particular a hydrogen station, for filling a vehicle with compressed hydrogen, comprising: preferably, at least one filling device for pairing with a corresponding receiving device provided in the vehicle to be filled is provided, as well as the above-mentioned filling device for filling at least one storage container.
It is also advantageous if the gasoline station additionally has a hydrogen storage vessel and/or a quick connector by means of which the transportable hydrogen storage vessel can be connected in fluid communication with the filling device, wherein gaseous hydrogen can be stored at a pressure of 1-500 bar in the hydrogen storage vessel and/or transportable hydrogen storage vessel and can be compressed by the compression device of the filling device to a pressure of up to 1000 bar for temporary storage in the high-pressure storage tank.
It is also advantageous if the gasoline station and in particular the control device is set up for: information about their filling requirements, such as filling quantity, filling temperature, filling pressure, filling speed (grams/second), filling time, etc., is exchanged with the client and in particular the vehicle to be filled by means of the cloud-based server and/or the mobile App, and based on the exchanged information at least one filling strategy and/or filling forecast is determined or created accordingly.
The invention also relates to a method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising the following steps: a) feeding hydrogen to be compressed, in particular gaseous hydrogen, into a pressure vessel into which a compressed liquid can be passed; and b) compressing the hydrogen to be compressed to a predetermined pressure (P) by passing a compressed liquid into the pressure vessel or by increasing the liquid volume of the compressed liquid within the pressure vessel1)。
It is also preferred that the compressed fluid fed into the pressure vessel is cooled before feeding or passing, in particular to a temperature in the range of 1 ℃ to 5 ℃, in particular to a temperature of 1 ℃, to passively cool the hydrogen to be compressed during compression thereof by contact with the compressed liquid.
It is also advantageous to compress the liquid level of the liquid from the minimum level H during the compression of the hydrogen to be compressedLowest level ofIs raised to a predetermined liquid level height HTargetThereby increasing the hydrogen pressure to a predetermined target value.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the method further has the following stepsThe method comprises the following steps: c) supplying and temporarily storing compressed hydrogen in at least one high-pressure storage tank, d) reducing the level of the compressed liquid in the pressure vessel, in particular back to a minimum level HLowest level ofAnd e) temporarily storing the discharged compressed liquid in a storage container.
It is also preferred that the method additionally comprises the steps of: f) the compressed fluid is preferably pressurized by means of a high-pressure pump to a working pressure P of at most 1000 bar2G) recooling at operating pressure P2H) supplying the compressed liquid at the working pressure to the pressure vessel, thereby compressing the hydrogen fed into the pressure vessel in step a) to a predetermined pressure P1Thus ready for temporary storage in the at least one high-pressure tank, whereby the method cycle is completely closed and can be started with a new cycle.
The filling device for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen can be integrated in a filling station, in particular in a hydrogen filling station. Furthermore, the filling device can be used in a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. The filling device according to the invention can be used in a filling station, in particular a hydrogen filling station, and in a method for filling at least one storage container with compressed hydrogen. The same applies, on the contrary, to the gasoline station and the method.
Drawings
Further features and advantages of the device, the use and/or the method result from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:
figure 1 schematically shows a known filling device according to the prior art,
figure 2 shows a simplified embodiment of the filling device according to the invention,
figure 3 shows a simplified illustration of one embodiment of the gasoline station of the invention with a mobile hydrogen storage vessel.
Detailed Description
The same reference numbers in different drawings identify the same, mutually corresponding or functionally similar elements.
FIG. 1 schematically showsFilling devices are known from the prior art. FIG. 1 shows a storage vessel S for liquefied hydrogen, the storage volume of which is 10-200m3In the meantime. Such storage vessels for liquefied hydrogen have long been known from the prior art. In the region of the hydrogen station, it is preferably of the underground type and is arranged to allow the vehicle to be filled to travel over it.
A cryogenic pump V and a compressor V' are also provided. The cryopump V receives liquid hydrogen from the storage vessel S through a line 1 which is preferably designed to be vacuum isolated. The cryopump V actually used is intended to meet the requirements which exist when filling the vehicle. They offer the possibility of compressing liquid hydrogen from about 1 bar up to 900 bar in a two-stage compression process. Gaseous hydrogen may be withdrawn from the storage vessel S through line 1 'and compressed by means of a compressor or compression unit V' to a pressure between 100 and 700 bar.
In addition to the storage vessel S, a plurality of high-pressure storage tanks a and B are provided. In practice, they are usually combined into reservoirs covering at least three different pressure ranges. Thus, for example, the high-pressure tank A is designed for a storage pressure between 400-700 bar, while the high-pressure tank B is designed for a storage pressure between 300-500 bar. Other tanks are usually provided, designed for example for storage pressures of 50-400 bar. However, it is also possible to implement a method in which only one or two reservoirs or even only one or two high-pressure tanks are provided.
Fig. 2 shows a simplified illustration of one embodiment of a filling device 100 according to the invention for filling storage containers, in particular storage containers of a transport vehicle, with compressed gaseous hydrogen. As can be seen from fig. 2, the filling device 100 has a compression device 1 for hydrogen compression for this purpose. In the embodiment shown, hydrogen to be compressed is supplied to the compression device 1, for example at a pressure of 30 bar, via a hydrogen supply line 21 from a reservoir (not shown) located, for example, underground, in which the hydrogen is stored in liquid and/or gaseous form. For compressing hydrogen, the compression device has a pressure vessel 2 into which a compressed liquid 3 can be fed, in particular pressurized into the pressure vessel 2. In the feeding step, the compressed liquid is in H when gaseous hydrogen is fed into the pressureless pressure vessel 2 through the hydrogen supply line 21Lowest level ofIndicated liquid level height. In other words, the pressure vessel 2 is almost empty and ready to receive hydrogen to be compressed or concentrated.
If the container 2 is completely filled with hydrogen to be compressed, the pressure container 2 is closed by the shut-off valve 24, so that the supplied hydrogen to be compressed cannot escape. The compressed liquid is then fed by means of the compression means 6, and in particular a high-pressure pump, from below into the pressure vessel at a predetermined pressure via the supply line 7, whereby the level of the compressed liquid 3 inside the pressure vessel 2 rises slowly, as a result of which the hydrogen enclosed in the pressure vessel is compressed. If the level of the compressed liquid in the pressure vessel reaches the target level HTargetThe compression process is ended and the hydrogen has been compressed to the desired pressure.
For active cooling of the compressed liquid 3, the illustrated compression device 1 is provided with a cooling device 4 which can cool the compressed liquid 3, preferably water, for example to a temperature of about 1 ℃, so that the hydrogen is cooled during compression by contact with the compressed liquid 3, which makes recooling of the downstream hydrogen unnecessary or at least simplifies it.
Furthermore, the compression device shown has a storage container 5 in which the compressed liquid 3 cooled by the cooling device is temporarily stored after the pressure vessel 2 has been emptied and before the compression process has been carried out again, as a result of which the cooling effort of the cooling device 4 can be reduced. Furthermore, downstream of the cooling mechanism 4, a pressure sensor PT and a temperature sensor TT are provided, which are connected to the control device 60 and thus allow the control device 60 to control the compression device 6 and the cooling device 4 such that the compressed liquid 3 having the desired temperature and the desired pressure is fed into the pressure vessel 2.
After the compression process has ended, the outlet valve of the shut-off valve 24 is opened and the compressed hydrogen is fed via the fluid line 22 to the high-pressure tank 10, where it can be temporarily stored at a pressure of up to 1000 bar until it is fed via the filler pipe 23 to the transport means to be filled. The high-pressure tank 10 shown here has a plurality of storage sections 10A to 10C which can be filled with compressed hydrogen independently of one another. The hydrogen stored at high pressure therein can also be taken separately from the storage sections 10A to 10C, which can be ensured in this way: in the case of large hydrogen withdrawal, for example at the time of filling/filling a truck, the individual storage sections 10A to 10C are not subcooled.
Fig. 3 also shows, in a simplified manner, an embodiment of a gasoline station 200 according to the invention with a transportable hydrogen storage vessel 230. The filling device 100 according to the invention, which can be built, for example, at a site where hydrogen is produced, for example in a wind farm, is shown only schematically on the left side of fig. 3. There, the current generated, for example, by wind power can be used efficiently for the production of hydrogen, in particular when the current in the power grid is excessive. The hydrogen produced there can be compressed by the filling device 100 according to the invention to a desired pressure of, for example, 700 bar to 1000 bar and temporarily stored in a mobile hydrogen storage vessel 210, which can be integrated, for example, into the body of a truck or can be accommodated exchangeably in a truck. The transportable hydrogen storage container 210 can then be transported by truck to the service station 200 where it can be connected to filling equipment of the service station via a quick connector 220.
The gasoline station 200 shown in fig. 3 has a dispensing device 40 (dispenser) which is provided with a temperature control device 50, in particular a cooling device. In this way, the hydrogen can be pre-conditioned during filling of the storage vessel of a vehicle, such as a bus or a car. In other words, the hydrogen to be supplied to the vehicle is tempered and depressurized in such a way that the parameters of the hydrogen comply with the requirements of the vehicle. The gasoline station 200 can also optionally be provided with a filling device 100 according to the invention, whereby the hydrogen taken out of the mobile hydrogen storage vessel 230 can be compressed again if necessary.
It is obvious to the skilled person that these features, which are described in the different embodiments, can also be implemented in a single embodiment, as long as they are not structurally incompatible. Likewise, various features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be provided in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination.
List of reference numerals
1 compression device
2 pressure vessel
3 compressing a liquid
4 Cooling device
5 storage container
6 compression mechanism
7 supply line
10 high-pressure storage tank
10A,10B,10C storage section
20 pipeline system
21 hydrogen supply line
22 fluid line
23 filler pipe
24-closing valve
30 cooling chamber
40 dispensing device (dispenser)
50 temperature adjusting mechanism
60 control device
100 filling device
200 gas station
210 hydrogen storage container
220 quick connector
230 mobile hydrogen storage container

Claims (20)

1. Filling device (100) for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a transport means, with compressed hydrogen, comprising:
-a compression device (1) for compressing hydrogen to be compressed,
-at least one high-pressure tank (10) for temporarily storing compressed hydrogen, and
-a line system (20) by means of which hydrogen to be compressed can be fed to the compression device (1), the hydrogen compressed in the compression device (1) then being able to be fed to the high-pressure tank (10) and from there to a storage vessel to be filled,
it is characterized in that the utility model is characterized in that,
the compression device (1) comprises a pressure vessel (2) into which a compression liquid (3), in particular water, can be fed, into which hydrogen to be compressed can be passed in gaseous form and can be compressed to a predetermined pressure (P) by increasing the liquid volume of the compression liquid (3) within the pressure vessel (2)1)。
2. The filling device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a cooling device (4) set up for: cooling the compressed liquid (3) to a predetermined temperature (T), in particular before passing into the pressure vessel (2)1) In particular to a temperature in the range of 1 to 5 c, preferably 1 c.
3. The filling device (100) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a supply line (21) by means of which the pressure vessel (2) can be fed with the compressed liquid (3), in particular from below.
4. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a storage container (5) in which the compressed liquid (3), in particular water, can be temporarily stored.
5. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compression device (1) further comprises a compression mechanism (6), in particular a high-pressure pump, which is set up for compressing the compressed liquid at an operating pressure (P) of up to 1000 bar2) The compression device (1) is supplied, in particular with a pressure of up to 1000 bar, to the pressure vessel (2).
6. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the high-pressure tank (10) is set up for the temporary storage of compressed hydrogen at a pressure of up to 1000 bar, and/or
The compression device (1) is designed to compress hydrogen to a pressure of up to 1000 bar.
7. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one high-pressure tank (10) is divided into a plurality of storage sections (10A,10B,10C), which preferably can be filled and/or emptied and/or can be filled and/or emptied independently of one another
A plurality of high-pressure storage tanks (10) are provided, which can be filled and/or emptied preferably independently of one another.
8. The filling device (100) according to claim 7, wherein the filling device (100) and in particular the control device (60) is set up for: during the filling of the storage containers, the removal of temporarily stored hydrogen from only one of the storage sections (10A,10B,10C) and/or from one of the high-pressure storage tanks (10) is continued until the temperature of the respective storage section and/or of the respective high-pressure storage container drops to a predetermined limit value (T)Lowest level of) Wherein the predetermined limit value is in the range of-20 ℃ to-40 ℃, preferably-25 ℃ to-35 ℃.
9. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one high-pressure tank (10) is arranged in a preferably thermally insulated cooling chamber (30) in which it can be cooled to a predetermined temperature (T)Cooling chamber) Or at the predetermined temperature, wherein the predetermined temperature (T) of the cooling chamber (30)Cooling chamber) In the range of-40 ℃ to 10 ℃, preferably-20 ℃ to 5 ℃, more preferably 1 ℃.
10. Filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a dispensing device (40) (dispenser), preferably equipped with a temperature control means (50), by means of which the hydrogen supplied to the at least one storage container, in particular of a means of transport, can be pre-regulated depending on the specifically existing frame conditions, in which case the hydrogen is preferably supplied to the storage container at a pressure of between 350 bar and 700 bar and a temperature of-33 ℃ to-40 ℃.
11. The filling device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a quick connector (220) by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage vessel (230) can be connected in fluid communication to the filling device (100) and can be filled with compressed hydrogen.
12. A gasoline station (200), and in particular a hydrogen station, for filling a vehicle with compressed hydrogen, comprising:
at least one filling device, preferably designed to be paired with a corresponding receiving device provided in the vehicle to be filled, and
-a filling device (100) for filling at least one storage container according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. The gasoline station (200) of claim 12, further comprising:
-a hydrogen storage vessel (210), and/or
-a quick connector (220) by means of which a mobile hydrogen storage vessel (230) can be connected in fluid communication with the filling device (100), wherein in the hydrogen storage vessel (210) and/or the mobile hydrogen storage vessel (230) gaseous hydrogen can be stored at a pressure of 1 to 500 bar and can be compressed by means of a compression device (1) of the filling device (100) up to a pressure of 1000 bar for temporary storage in the high pressure storage tank (10).
14. The gasoline station (200) of claim 12 or 13, wherein the gasoline station (200) and in particular the control device (60) is set up for: information about its filling requirements, such as filling quantity, filling temperature, filling pressure, filling speed (grams/second), filling time, etc., is exchanged with the client, in particular with the vehicle to be filled, by means of the cloud-based server and/or the mobile App and at least one filling strategy and/or filling forecast is determined accordingly.
15. The gasoline station (200) of claim 14, wherein the gasoline station (200) and in particular the control device (60) is set up for: controlling and/or adjusting the filling device (100), in particular controlling and/or adjusting state parameters of the hydrogen temporarily stored in the at least one high-pressure tank (10), in particular the stored hydrogen quantity, the hydrogen temperature and the stored hydrogen pressure, on the basis of the at least one filling strategy and/or the filling prediction.
16. A method for filling at least one storage container, in particular a storage container of a vehicle, with compressed hydrogen, comprising the steps of:
a) feeding hydrogen to be compressed, in particular gaseous hydrogen, into a pressure vessel (2) into which a compressed liquid (3) can be passed; and is
b) Compressing the hydrogen to be compressed to a predetermined pressure (P) by passing the compressed liquid (3) into the pressure vessel (2) or by increasing the liquid volume of the compressed liquid (3) within the pressure vessel (2)1)。
17. Method according to claim 16, wherein the compressed liquid passed into the pressure vessel (2) is cooled, in particular to a temperature in the range of 1 ℃ to 5 ℃, in particular to a temperature of 1 ℃, also before the compressed liquid is passed or fed in, in order to passively cool the hydrogen to be compressed during the compression thereof by contact with the compressed liquid.
18. Method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the level of the compressed liquid (3) is from a minimum level (H) during the compression of the hydrogen to be compressedLowest level of) Is raised to a predetermined liquid level height (H)Target) Thereby raising the pressure of hydrogen to a predetermined target value.
19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, further comprising the step of:
c) compressed hydrogen is supplied to and temporarily stored in at least one high-pressure storage tank (10),
d) reducing the level of the compressed liquid (3) in the pressure vessel (2), in particular back to the minimum level (H)Lowest level of)，
e) The discharged compressed liquid (3) is temporarily stored in a storage container (5).
20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, further comprising the step of:
f) the compressed liquid is preferably pressurized by means of a high-pressure pump to an operating pressure (P) of at most 1000 bar2)，
g) Recooling at operating pressure (P)2) Is compressing a liquid, and
h) supplying a compressed liquid at an operating pressure to the pressure vessel (2), thereby compressing the hydrogen fed into the pressure vessel (2) in step a) to the predetermined pressure (P)1)。
CN202011504023.8A 2020-06-24 2020-12-17 Filling device for filling a storage container with compressed hydrogen, filling station having such a filling device and storage container filling method Pending CN113833982A (en)

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WO2021260100A1 (en) 2021-12-30

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