CN113828361A - 一种废物资源化催化剂及其制法和在处理有机污染物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种废物资源化催化剂及其制法和在处理有机污染物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废物资源化催化剂及其制备方法和在处理有机污染物中的应用。该催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：将鸡粪干燥后粉碎过筛，去除砂砾；然后加入水中，搅拌溶解，过滤，将截留物于80～100℃下热解100～150分钟，再于氮气氛围下500～550℃退火100～120分钟，得到的粉末即为催化剂。本发明的催化剂可以用于处理有机污染物，尤其是与过硫酸盐联用处理有机污染物，本发明的催化剂可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基降解有机污染物。本发明原料廉价易得，降低污水处理的成本；废物资源化，减缓环境修复压力；工艺简洁，可操作性强；以废治废，节约能源。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污染物处理领域，具体涉及一种废物资源化催化剂及其制备方法和在处理有机污染物中的应用。
背景技术
目前，我国废水排放量大，相应地废水处理量也大，其处理过程能耗高、效率低一直是我国处理污废水的难题，需要耗费大量的人力和物力。因此亟需研发低成本高效率的水处理技术和方法。
我国畜禽粪便排放量大，常规处理方式主要是腐熟堆肥处理，所需时间长，占地面积大，产生臭味，污染环境，且存在畜禽废弃物利用率低等问题。鸡粪廉价易得，富含丰富的有机质和无机质，含有鸡摄入饲料中40％-70％的营养物，其富含碳、氮、磷、钙、钾、铁、铜、锌等元素，且维生素含量高，是制备水处理催化剂的优秀原料。以鸡粪为原料制备水处理催化剂，一方面将废物资源化，另一方面利用废物净化废水。这种以废治废的水处理技术将将废物合理资源化，又可极大地降低水处理成本，同时收获生态效益和经济效益。
发明内容
为解决环境治理成本高的问题，并提高畜禽废弃物的利用率，提供一种废物资源化催化剂及其制备方法和在处理有机污染物中的应用，该催化剂为纳米颗粒鸡粪杂化体(JF-N NSs)，以鸡粪为原料，通过对鸡粪风干粉碎及热裂解再进脱水缩合退火还原处理合成所得。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
一种催化剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将鸡粪干燥后粉碎过筛，去除砂砾；然后加入水中，搅拌溶解，过滤，将截留物于80～100℃下热解100～150分钟，再于氮气氛围下500～550℃退火100～120分钟，得到的粉末即为本发明的催化剂；
所述的干燥是干燥至水分含量10％以下，采用室外晒制风吹即可；
所述的过筛是过60～100目筛网，优选80目筛网；
所述的溶解可以采用超声处理辅助溶解，具体为30～40℃、240～300W处理25～35分钟；优选35℃、300W处理30分钟；
所述的热解，优选80℃下热解120分钟；
所述的退火，优选500℃退火处理120分钟；退火处理可在管式炉里进行，管式炉中通入氮气，通气速率可为0.2～0.3m3/h，升温速率为5℃/分钟。
本发明以鸡粪中碳元素为载体，以鸡粪中少量的维生素为诱导剂，激活鸡粪中的金属活性位点和非金属活性位点，使制成的催化剂具备活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基的能力，可降解水中有机污染物以达到净化污水的效果。
本发明的催化剂可以用于处理有机污染物，尤其是与过硫酸盐联用处理有机污染物，本发明的催化剂可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基降解有机污染物；
具体地包括以下步骤：
在含有有机污染物的水体中，加入催化剂和过硫酸盐，处理至少10分钟(优选60分钟)，可以去除大部分有机污染物；
所述的有机污染物包括罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝(MB)、酸性橙7(AO7)、双酚A(BPA)、环丙沙星(CIP)中的一种以上；
所述水体中，每种有机污染物的浓度为10mg/L；
所述的催化剂，在水体中的终浓度为0.4～0.8g/L；
所述的过硫酸盐，在水体中的终浓度为1～2mmol/L；
所述的过硫酸盐优选过硫酸钾。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果：
(1)原料廉价易得，降低污水处理成本；
(2)以废治废，减缓环境修复压力，节约能源；
(3)催化剂处理效果好，工艺简洁，可操作性强；
(4)催化剂适应范围广，降解效率高。
附图说明
图1是有机污染物的降解率曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种废物资源化水处理催化剂的制备方法，具体操作步骤如下：
(1)将新鲜鸡粪放置在室外自然晾晒24小时，晒干后粉碎过80目筛网，去除砂砾，得物质A；
(2)将10g物质A放置在100mL去离子水中搅拌，并进行30分钟超声(工作频率40KHz，电功率300W)得到溶液B，去除上清液，过定性滤纸后得到物质C，将物质C放置在80℃热解120分钟得前驱体D；
(3)将前驱体D置于管式炉中进行共聚合退火处理，以0.2m3/h的速率通入氮气，温度为500℃，时间为120分钟，升温速率为5℃每分钟。降温后得到固体粉末E。将固体粉末E用去离子水洗涤3次，在80℃烘干(12小时)后研磨得到所述的废物资源化水处理催化剂(JF-NNSs)。
实施例2
一种废物资源化水处理催化剂的应用，具体操作步骤如下：
(1)室温下分别配制10mg/L(每种有机污染物的浓度)的罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝(MB)、酸性橙7(AO7)、双酚A(BPA)、环丙沙星(CIP)模拟废水；
(2)将0.02g或0.04g JF-N NSs分别投加到50mL上述的模拟废水中，维持自然pH值，恒温35℃。开启搅拌同时加入过硫酸氢钾至终浓度为2mM，开始反应，在不同时间点取样检测污染物的浓度，污染物去除率如图1所示，10分钟内，对多数目标污染物降解率可达50％以上；至60分钟，降解率可达99％以上。
图1中：
污染物降解率＝(污染物初始浓度-污染物剩余浓度)/污染物初始浓度×100％上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
将鸡粪干燥后粉碎过筛，去除砂砾；然后加入水中，搅拌溶解，过滤，将截留物于80～100℃下热解100～150分钟，再于氮气氛围下500～550℃退火100～120分钟，得到的粉末即为催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的干燥是干燥至水分含量10％以下；
所述的过筛是过60～100目筛网；
所述的溶解采用超声处理辅助溶解。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述的热解，是在80℃下热解120分钟；
所述的退火，是在500℃退火处理120分钟。
4.一种催化剂，其特征在于：是由权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法制得。
5.权利要求4所述的催化剂在处理有机污染物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于：所述的催化剂与过硫酸盐联用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
在含有有机污染物的水体中，加入催化剂和过硫酸盐，处理至少10分钟，可以去除大部分有机污染物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于：所述的有机污染物包括罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝(MB)、酸性橙7(AO7)、双酚A(BPA)或环丙沙星(CIP)中的一种以上。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于：所述水体中，每种有机污染物的浓度为10mg/L。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于：
所述的催化剂，在水体中的终浓度为0.4～0.8g/L；
所述的过硫酸盐，在水体中的终浓度为1～2mmol/L。
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| CN115518639A (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-12-27 | 广州大学 | 一种畜禽粪污制备的环保催化剂、合成方法与应用 |
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| CN115245825A (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-28 | 广州大学 | 一种由动物粪便转化的类芬顿催化剂及其合成方法与应用 |
| CN115518639A (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-12-27 | 广州大学 | 一种畜禽粪污制备的环保催化剂、合成方法与应用 |
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| CN115318293A (zh) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-11 | 广州大学 | 一种鸡粪无害化加工制备水处理催化剂的方法与应用 |
| CN115318293B (zh) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-11-17 | 广州大学 | 一种鸡粪无害化加工制备水处理催化剂的方法与应用 |
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