CN113823157A - Device technology for polarization and polarization analysis and polarization degree measurement of random elliptical polarization radio wave - Google Patents
Device technology for polarization and polarization analysis and polarization degree measurement of random elliptical polarization radio wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN113823157A CN113823157A CN202110527215.9A CN202110527215A CN113823157A CN 113823157 A CN113823157 A CN 113823157A CN 202110527215 A CN202110527215 A CN 202110527215A CN 113823157 A CN113823157 A CN 113823157A
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000011982 device technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device technology for polarization and polarization detection and polarization degree measurement of any elliptical polarization radio wave, which is mainly applied to the field of experimental teaching, in particular to college physical experiments, microwave experiments and middle school physical demonstration experiments. In the existing experimental teaching, optical experiments are usually performed by using visible light as a light source, and experiments using radio waves as a light source are few. And because the wave plate is a finished product, the visible light is difficult to realize the elliptical polarization with any polarization degree, and no experiment for measuring the polarization degree exists. The device innovatively uses radio waves as light sources, a self-made grid mesh is used as a polarizer and an analyzer, then the positions of the two light sources are changed, polarized light is superposed at a half-wave oscillator to realize arbitrary elliptical polarization, and the polarization degree is measured by rotating the half-wave oscillator antenna. The device and the method can be well applied to physics related experiments of universities in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The device technology is applied to the field of experimental teaching, particularly college physical experiments, microwave experiments and middle school physical demonstration experiments.
Technical Field
In the existing experimental teaching, optical experiments are usually performed by using visible light as a light source, and experiments using radio waves as a light source are few. Visible light can be polarized and analyzed by a polaroid, and circular polarization or elliptical polarization is obtained by a wave plate. Since the wave plate is a finished product, it is difficult for visible light to realize elliptical polarization of any polarization degree, and there is no experiment for measuring the polarization degree.
In view of the above, the present work has developed a polarization and analysis device for an arbitrary elliptically polarized radio wave using a radio wave as a light source, and has designed and implemented a polarization degree measurement experiment for an elliptically polarized radio wave. The device and the experiment powerfully promote innovation and reform of experiment teaching.
Disclosure of Invention
The device uses a metal grid to polarize radio frequency electromagnetic waves to obtain elliptically polarized radio waves, and uses a half-wave oscillator antenna to measure the polarization degree. The device can obtain the radio wave with any elliptical polarization degree, and the polarization degree measurement experiment performed by the device enriches the experiment teaching and is an innovative experiment initiated internationally. The specific experimental principles and technical methods are as follows.
The plane grid mesh formed by parallel equidistant metal wires is arranged in the direction vertical to the propagation direction of the radio wave, so that the radio wave can be polarized, and the linearly polarized radio wave can be obtained. The combination of two linearly polarized radio waves with constant phase difference and mutually perpendicular polarization directions can obtain an elliptically polarized radio wave.
The device prepares a double-rectangular metal grid which is formed by connecting two square metal grids with the same size in parallel. The two metal grids are formed by metal wires which are parallel and equidistant, and the arrangement directions of the metal wires are mutually vertical, thereby forming two radio wave polarization grids which are mutually vertical in the transmission vibration direction.
The radio wave signal of a certain frequency is output by a high-frequency signal source, the radio wave signal is amplified by a power amplifier, and two flat antennas connected with the same power amplifier are respectively arranged in front of two square grids which are vertical to each other in the direction of the transmission vibration. Because the radio waves output by the two panel antennas are in equal phase, two paths of linearly polarized radio waves with mutually vertical polarization directions are obtained after passing through the two square grids respectively.
The coherent superposition in the intersection region of the propagation directions of the two linear polarized radio waves generates elliptical polarized radio waves, and the principle is as follows:
wherein, λ is wavelength, a and b are amplitudes of two paths of signals respectively, and Δ is optical path difference of two lines of waves. By moving the panel antennas back and forth to change the relative distance between the two panel antennas, delta is changed, which results in elliptical polarization of different samples. When the antenna distance is continuously changed, delta is continuously changed along with the antenna distance, and when the distance is changed by one wavelength, the phase is changed by 2 pi, so that the frequency ratio of any phase difference in a 2 pi interval can be generated to be 1: lissajous figure 1.
Therefore, when one panel antenna is fixed and the other panel antenna is moved, a radio wave of an arbitrary elliptical polarization degree is generated when the moving distance is changed by one wavelength.
If the antenna pitch is a fixed length, the elliptical polarization state of the generated radio wave can be measured by the half-wave dipole antenna. This is the polarization degree measurement experiment.
The half-wave oscillator antenna is used as a receiving antenna to detect electromagnetic wave electric field signals of the point, the envelope detector is used for leading out the half-wave oscillator antenna signals to be converted into direct current voltage signals, the low-frequency power amplifier further amplifies the direct current voltage signals, and the voltage represents the strength of the electric field.
If the half-wave oscillator antenna is rotated in an elliptical polarization plane perpendicular to the light path, the maximum value of the signal is in the direction of the long axis of the ellipse, and the minimum value is in the direction of the short axis. Especially if the signal intensity is not changed, indicating that the signal is a circularly polarized radio wave; if the extinction phenomenon occurs, it is linearly polarized.
By rotating the half-wave dipole antenna, the orientation and signal strength of the semi-major axis and the semi-minor axis of the ellipse reveal the degree of polarization. A360-degree dial is added at the back of the half-wave element antenna, so that the position of a maximum value and a minimum value signal can be recorded. The electric field of an elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave propagating in the z direction with a degree of polarization ε can be expressed using a parametric equation
And obtaining the polarization degree epsilon according to the ratio of the semi-long axis to the semi-short axis measured by the half-wave oscillator antenna.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for polarization analysis and polarization degree measurement of an elliptically polarized radio wave, in which:
A. and a signal source, wherein an electromagnetic wave signal is sent out through A.
B. And the power amplifier is connected with the signal source and the panel antenna and is used for amplifying the strength of the signal source and transmitting the signal through the panel antenna.
C. The sliding rail with the scale can move the flat antenna placed on the sliding rail to change the relative distance between the two light sources.
D. The panel antenna 1 is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals.
E. The panel antenna 2 is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals.
F. The horizontally polarized radio wave is obtained by filtering the electromagnetic wave emitted by the panel antenna through the vertical grid.
G. The vertically polarized radio wave is obtained by filtering the electromagnetic wave emitted by the panel antenna through the horizontal grid.
H. And a half-wave dipole antenna for receiving the polarized wave.
I. And the envelope detector is used for converting the optical signal received by the half-wave dipole antenna into an electric signal.
J. And the singlechip module is used for digitally displaying the signal converted by the envelope detector after programming and burning.
Fig. 2 is a double rectangular metal grid, which is the grid of fig. 1, wherein:
A. the horizontal polarization grid mesh is used for filtering the emitted wave and acquiring polarized light, and the polarization direction of the acquired polarized light is vertical to the grid mesh.
B. The vertical polarization grid mesh is used for filtering the emitted wave and obtaining the polarized light, and the polarization direction of the obtained polarized light is vertical to the grid mesh.
Fig. 3 is a half-wave dipole antenna with an additional dial, which is the half-wave dipole antenna of fig. 1, wherein:
A. and the 360-degree dial is used for displaying and recording the position of the half-wave dipole antenna.
B. Half-wave dipole antenna, be used for receiving the polarized wave.
Detailed Description
Polarization and analysis of arbitrary elliptically polarized radio waves
Referring to fig. 1, the power amplifier in fig. 1 amplifies the radio wave signal output by the signal source, and the panel antenna 1 and the panel antenna 2 are connected to the same power amplifier, so that the radio waves output by the two panel antennas are in equal phase. After passing through two metal grids with mutually perpendicular transmission directions, two paths of linearly polarized radio waves with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are obtained. The region of intersection in the propagation direction then produces an elliptically polarized radio wave. The half-wave oscillator antenna can detect the electric field of the point, the envelope detector leads out signals of the half-wave oscillator antenna to be converted into direct-current voltage signals, the direct-current voltage signals are further amplified by the low-frequency power amplifier, and the voltage represents the strength of the electric field. The planar antenna is moved back and forth along the radio wave propagation direction on the slide rail with the scale, so that the optical path difference of two paths of linear polarized radio waves reaching the half-wave oscillator antenna is changed, and the polarization degree of the elliptical polarized radio waves is changed. When the moving distance is changed in one wavelength, a radio wave with any elliptical polarization degree is generated correspondingly.
If the half-wave oscillator antenna is rotated in an elliptical polarization plane perpendicular to the light path, the maximum value of the signal is in the direction of the long axis of the ellipse, and the minimum value is in the direction of the short axis. Especially if the signal intensity is not changed, indicating that the signal is a circularly polarized radio wave; if the extinction phenomenon occurs, it is linearly polarized. This achieves the polarization detection of the elliptically polarized radio wave.
Polarization degree measurement experiment for any elliptical polarization radio wave
Referring to fig. 3, when the half-wave oscillator antenna is rotated, the angle and the direction can be recorded through the dial, and simultaneously, the voltage signal displayed by the low-frequency power amplifier circuit is recorded. In the device, the low-frequency power amplifier is realized by a 51-chip microcomputer. And rotating the half-wave dipole antenna for one circle, and recording the angle values and the voltage values of a plurality of positions. The voltage value is proportional to the electric field strength, the maximum value of the voltage is proportional to the semi-major axis of the ellipse, and the minimum value is proportional to the semi-minor axis. The ratio of the semi-major axis to the semi-minor axis determines the polarization of the ellipse, and the angle between the semi-major axis and the semi-minor axis determines the inclination angle of the ellipse.
Claims (4)
1. The device technology for polarization and polarization detection and polarization degree measurement of any elliptical polarization radio wave is characterized in that the frequency of an incident wave can be automatically adjusted, the experiment richness is increased, and the operation is simple and convenient.
2. The method is characterized in that the metal grid can visually represent the physical properties of the polaroid sheet; based on the polarization method, the grid shape can be changed for convenient adjustment to meet the operation requirement.
3. The receiving device receives electromagnetic wave signals by using a half-wave oscillator antenna, and is characterized in that the receiving device not only can receive electromagnetic waves, but also can judge and screen the received electromagnetic waves with different polarization directions.
4. The method is characterized in that invisible electromagnetic wave signals can be converted into visible digital signals, and the intensity of electromagnetic waves generated by the singlechip during buzzing can be controlled by automatically adjusting a threshold.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110527215.9A CN113823157A (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Device technology for polarization and polarization analysis and polarization degree measurement of random elliptical polarization radio wave |
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| CN202110527215.9A CN113823157A (en) | 2021-05-11 | 2021-05-11 | Device technology for polarization and polarization analysis and polarization degree measurement of random elliptical polarization radio wave |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101105513A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-01-16 | 浙江大学 | Antenna radiation characteristics experimental device |
| CN101666626A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-10 | 睿励科学仪器（上海）有限公司 | Method for ellipsometry and device thereof |
| CN204229719U (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | A kind of microwave diffraction of wire grating structure and polarization phenomena apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN206805879U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-12-26 | 成都市金明星科技有限公司 | A kind of visual interactive electromagnetic wave experiment teaching system |
| CN111243404A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Polarization synthesis experiment teaching device and operation method |
-
2021
- 2021-05-11 CN CN202110527215.9A patent/CN113823157A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101105513A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-01-16 | 浙江大学 | Antenna radiation characteristics experimental device |
| CN101666626A (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-10 | 睿励科学仪器（上海）有限公司 | Method for ellipsometry and device thereof |
| CN204229719U (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-25 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | A kind of microwave diffraction of wire grating structure and polarization phenomena apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN206805879U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-12-26 | 成都市金明星科技有限公司 | A kind of visual interactive electromagnetic wave experiment teaching system |
| CN111243404A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Polarization synthesis experiment teaching device and operation method |
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Application publication date: 20211221 |