CN113820745A - Seismic velocity modeling method, device, electronic apparatus, and medium - Google Patents
Seismic velocity modeling method, device, electronic apparatus, and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A seismic velocity modeling method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium are disclosed. The method can comprise the following steps: aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis; extracting time domain offset speed along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial speed field; and obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field. According to the method, a structure interpretation model conforming to the geological rule is established through iteration, a depth domain initial velocity model is established by taking the structure interpretation model as a constraint, the stability of the velocity inversion direction is guaranteed, the structure interpretation model is updated in the grid tomography process, a final depth domain velocity field is obtained, and the velocity model conforming to the geological rule is inverted, and the interlayer velocity details are inverted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seismic exploration, in particular to a seismic velocity modeling method, a seismic velocity modeling device, electronic equipment and a medium.
Background
Seismic migration is very sensitive to the velocity field, and errors in the velocity field can cause significant deviations in the imaging results. Therefore, a high-precision velocity inversion method is crucial for offset imaging. A conventional migration velocity analysis method based on an imaging gather needs to derive a quantitative relation between a depth error and a velocity error, the quantitative relation given by many scholars is derived under certain assumed conditions at present, the limiting conditions cause that the velocity analysis precision of a complex structure is not high, Bois and the like introduce chromatography into the geophysical field in 20 th century and 80 th century, seismic tomography enters an application stage in 90 th century, and the seismic tomography is an inversion method for recovering model parameter information underground or among wells by establishing a functional relation between model parameters and observed data through analysis of seismic kinematics information (travel time, reflection path and the like) or dynamics information (amplitude, waveform and the like) observed from the earth surface or among wells. The method is based on the prestack travel time equation, does not need to establish a depth residual quantity equation, has no assumption of horizontal laminar medium and constant speed in the transverse direction, and can adapt to more complex geological conditions.
In the seismic tomography inversion, the actual travel time is obtained by field acquisition of a seismic source-demodulator probe, and is compared with the travel time obtained by the forward modeling of the ray tracing of the given background velocity field to obtain the travel time difference. According to the Format principle, the speed disturbance and the travel disturbance are in a linear relation, and the travel disturbance is subjected to inverse mapping in the ray direction to obtain a reconstructed speed field. Because the forward and inversion solving processes are stable and efficient, the chromatographic inversion is widely used in the actual seismic exploration and development process. The tomography inversion technology is the most common velocity model building method for prestack depth migration at present, mainly utilizes a migration and tomography alternate iteration method to carry out velocity inversion, can recover high-frequency and low-frequency information in a velocity field, and is widely used for building a depth domain model. It is subdivided in the industry into two specific approaches: (1) model-based tomographic inversion is performed primarily by finding ray paths and residual delays at multiple velocity interfaces of a simple layered model. The method has the advantages that the model is restricted by geological structures and has geological significance; the method has the disadvantages that an interpretation model needs to be input and constructed, horizon interpretation cannot be carried out in a low signal-to-noise ratio area, the model precision cannot be ensured when a speed interface is divided, and the simple model ignores the details of the speed model and has large limitation; (2) the method is based on the grid chromatographic inversion, speed inversion is carried out by globally obtaining ray paths and residual delay, an explanation model is not required to be input, the defect of a layered model in interlayer speed detail depiction is overcome, inversion accuracy is high, accurate high-frequency components of a speed field can be obtained, the speed field is not easy to converge to an actual speed model, geological significance constraints are avoided, and inversion results which do not accord with geological rules can be generated sometimes. Therefore, none of the above techniques can meet the requirements of depth domain velocity modeling for low snr data in complex texture regions well. In addition, the technology adopts a time domain offset speed to depth domain as an initial speed field, geological rules cannot be accurately reflected, the structural interpretation has multiple solutions for low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex structural area, and if the initial speed model of the depth domain does not accord with the geological rules, the final speed model often deviates from the actual geological conditions.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a seismic velocity modeling method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seismic velocity modeling method, a device, electronic equipment and a medium, which can establish a structure interpretation model according with geological rules through iteration, establish a depth domain initial velocity model by taking the structure interpretation model as a constraint, guarantee the stability of a velocity inversion direction, update the structure interpretation model in a grid tomography process, obtain a final depth domain velocity field, invert the velocity model according with the geological rules and invert interlayer velocity details.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a seismic velocity modeling method, including:
aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis;
extracting time domain offset speed along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial speed field;
and obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
Preferably, for the low signal-to-noise ratio data of the complex formation region, the establishing of the formation interpretation model according with the geological rule through the wave field matching analysis comprises the following steps:
establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed;
obtaining a superposition section according to the construction model;
and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
Preferably, extracting a time domain migration velocity along the structure interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field includes:
extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer speed;
determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed;
and performing time-depth conversion on the processed construction interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain the depth domain initial speed field.
Preferably, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh tomography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field comprises:
performing prestack depth migration on the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data;
extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather;
establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data;
under the constraint of the depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix to obtain an optimized depth domain layer velocity;
and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
Preferably, the formation properties include continuity, formation dip and azimuth properties.
As a specific implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure,
in a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a seismic velocity modeling apparatus, including:
the structure interpretation model establishing module is used for establishing a structure interpretation model which accords with geological rules through wave field matching analysis aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex structure area;
the depth domain initial velocity field establishing module is used for extracting time domain offset velocity along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field;
and the final depth domain velocity field establishing module is used for obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
Preferably, for the low signal-to-noise ratio data of the complex formation region, the establishing of the formation interpretation model according with the geological rule through the wave field matching analysis comprises the following steps:
establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed;
obtaining a superposition section according to the construction model;
and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
Preferably, extracting a time domain migration velocity along the structure interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field includes:
extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer speed;
determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed;
and performing time-depth conversion on the processed construction interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain the depth domain initial speed field.
Preferably, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh tomography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field comprises:
performing prestack depth migration on the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data;
extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather;
establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data;
under the constraint of the depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer velocity;
and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
Preferably, the formation properties include continuity, formation dip and azimuth properties.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes:
a memory storing executable instructions;
a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the seismic velocity modeling method.
In a fourth aspect, the disclosed embodiments also provide a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the seismic velocity modeling method.
The beneficial effects are that:
a construction interpretation model which accords with geological rules is iteratively established through three links of construction modeling, forward modeling and wave field matching analysis, the construction interpretation model is used as constraint to establish a depth domain initial velocity model, and stability of velocity inversion direction is guaranteed. And updating the construction interpretation model in the grid tomography process, constraining inversion again according to the updated construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual delay is zero, thereby inverting the speed model according with the geological rule and inverting the interlayer speed details.
The method and apparatus of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in detail in the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, which are incorporated herein, and which together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the steps of a seismic velocity modeling method according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of a depth-domain velocity field produced by a conventional grid-tomographic inversion according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the offset imaging according to fig. 2 in a partial enlargement.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the final depth domain velocity field according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic illustration of the offset imaging local magnification according to fig. 4.
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a seismic velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
201. constructing an interpretation model building module; 202. a depth domain initial velocity field establishing module; 203. and a final depth domain velocity field establishing module.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.
The invention provides a seismic velocity modeling method, which comprises the following steps:
aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis; in one example, for low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex formation region, establishing a formation interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis comprises the following steps: establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed; acquiring a superposition section according to the construction model; and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
Specifically, aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, an initial construction interpretation model and well speed are utilized to establish a construction model; simulating a superposition section by adopting a Gaussian beam forward modeling technique with consideration of efficiency and precision, performing wave field matching analysis on the simulated superposition section and an actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are matched, establishing a construction interpretation scheme according with geological rules, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are not matched, modifying an initial construction interpretation model, repeating the iteration, establishing the construction interpretation scheme according with the geological rules, providing a construction interpretation model for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model, and obtaining the construction interpretation model which is a time domain construction interpretation model.
Extracting time domain offset speed along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial speed field; in one example, extracting a time domain offset velocity along the structure interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field comprises: extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer-along speed; determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed; and performing time-depth conversion on the processed structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain a depth domain initial speed field.
Specifically, according to the structure interpretation model, extracting time domain offset speed along the layer, recording the time domain offset speed as the speed along the layer, determining the speed range and the change rule of the layer by referring to well logging and vsp data, and editing and smoothing the extracted speed along the layer; and converting the time domain structure interpretation model into a depth domain structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speeds along the depth domain structure interpretation model, and longitudinally interpolating based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to establish a depth domain initial speed field.
And obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field. In one example, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field by mesh tomosynthesis velocity optimization from the depth domain initial velocity field comprises: performing prestack depth migration according to the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data; extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather; establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data; under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed; and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field. In one example, formation properties include continuity, formation dip and azimuth properties.
Specifically, pre-stack depth migration is carried out by inputting an initial velocity field of a depth domain to obtain imaging data of the depth domain; secondly, establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model by using the depth domain imaging data, extracting structure attributes of the depth domain imaging data, including continuity, stratigraphic dip angle and azimuth angle attributes, and picking up residual delay of the depth domain by using a common imaging point gather; finally, under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed; and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
The invention also provides a seismic velocity modeling apparatus, comprising: .
The structure interpretation model establishing module is used for establishing a structure interpretation model which accords with geological rules through wave field matching analysis aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex structure area; in one example, for low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex formation region, establishing a formation interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis comprises the following steps: establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed; acquiring a superposition section according to the construction model; and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
Specifically, aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, an initial construction interpretation model and well speed are utilized to establish a construction model; simulating a superposition section by adopting a Gaussian beam forward modeling technique with consideration of efficiency and precision, performing wave field matching analysis on the simulated superposition section and an actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are matched, establishing a construction interpretation scheme according with geological rules, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are not matched, modifying an initial construction interpretation model, repeating the iteration, establishing the construction interpretation scheme according with the geological rules, providing a construction interpretation model for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model, and obtaining the construction interpretation model which is a time domain construction interpretation model.
The depth domain initial velocity field establishing module is used for extracting time domain offset velocity along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field; in one example, extracting a time domain offset velocity along the structure interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field comprises: extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer-along speed; determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed; and performing time-depth conversion on the processed structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain a depth domain initial speed field.
Specifically, according to the structure interpretation model, extracting time domain offset speed along the layer, recording the time domain offset speed as the speed along the layer, determining the speed range and the change rule of the layer by referring to well logging and vsp data, and editing and smoothing the extracted speed along the layer; and converting the time domain structure interpretation model into a depth domain structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speeds along the depth domain structure interpretation model, and longitudinally interpolating based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to establish a depth domain initial speed field.
And the final depth domain velocity field establishing module is used for obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field. In one example, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field by mesh tomosynthesis velocity optimization from the depth domain initial velocity field comprises: performing prestack depth migration according to the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data; extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather; establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data; under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed; and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field. In one example, formation properties include continuity, formation dip and azimuth properties.
Specifically, pre-stack depth migration is carried out by inputting an initial velocity field of a depth domain to obtain imaging data of the depth domain; secondly, establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model by using the depth domain imaging data, extracting structure attributes of the depth domain imaging data, including continuity, stratigraphic dip angle and azimuth angle attributes, and picking up residual delay of the depth domain by using a common imaging point gather; finally, under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed; and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory storing executable instructions; and the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to realize the seismic velocity modeling method.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic velocity modeling method described above.
To facilitate understanding of the scheme of the embodiments of the present invention and the effects thereof, four specific application examples are given below. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this example is merely for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention and that any specific details thereof are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of the steps of a seismic velocity modeling method according to one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the seismic velocity modeling method includes: step 101, aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis; 102, extracting time domain migration velocity along a construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field; and 103, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
Aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction model by utilizing an initial construction interpretation model and well speed; simulating a superposition section by adopting a Gaussian beam forward modeling technique with consideration of efficiency and precision, performing wave field matching analysis on the simulated superposition section and an actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are matched, establishing a construction interpretation scheme according with geological rules, if the characteristic wave fields of the simulated superposition section and the actual superposition section are not matched, modifying an initial construction interpretation model, repeating the iteration, establishing the construction interpretation scheme according with the geological rules, providing a construction interpretation model for establishing a depth domain initial velocity model, and obtaining the construction interpretation model which is a time domain construction interpretation model.
Extracting time domain migration speed along the layer according to the structure interpretation model, recording the migration speed as the speed along the layer, determining the speed range and the change rule of the layer by referring to logging and vsp data, and editing and smoothing the extracted speed along the layer; and converting the time domain structure interpretation model into a depth domain structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speeds along the depth domain structure interpretation model, and longitudinally interpolating based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to establish a depth domain initial speed field.
Performing prestack depth migration by inputting a depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data; secondly, establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model by using the depth domain imaging data, extracting structure attributes of the depth domain imaging data, including continuity, stratigraphic dip angle and azimuth angle attributes, and picking up residual delay of the depth domain by using a common imaging point gather; finally, under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed; and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a depth domain velocity field generated by a conventional grid-tomographic inversion according to an embodiment of the present invention, which results in a velocity model with weak geological rules due to the absence of geologically significant constraints.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of partial enlargement of offset imaging according to fig. 2, with poor imaging signal-to-noise ratio, and poor high-steepness constructed flank and inner curtain wave group characteristics.
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the final depth domain velocity field with strong geological rules and prominent inter-layer velocity details, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of local amplification of offset imaging according to FIG. 4, the imaging signal-to-noise ratio is high, the high-steepness structural flank and inner curtain wave group features are clear, and the imaging quality of an interlayer stratum is high.
Example 2
FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a seismic velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 6, the seismic velocity modeling apparatus includes:
the structure interpretation model establishing module 201 is used for establishing a structure interpretation model which accords with geological rules through wave field matching analysis aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex structure area;
a depth domain initial velocity field establishing module 202, which extracts time domain migration velocity along the construction interpretation model, performs time-depth conversion, and establishes a depth domain initial velocity field;
and a final depth domain velocity field establishing module 203, which obtains a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
As an alternative, aiming at the low signal-to-noise ratio data of the complex structure area, the construction interpretation model which accords with the geological rule is established through wave field matching analysis, and the construction interpretation model comprises the following steps:
establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed;
acquiring a superposition section according to the construction model;
and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
As an alternative, extracting a time domain offset speed along the structure interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial speed field comprises:
extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer-along speed;
determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed;
and performing time-depth conversion on the processed structure interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain a depth domain initial speed field.
As an alternative, obtaining a final depth domain velocity field by mesh tomography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field includes:
performing prestack depth migration according to the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data;
extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather;
establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data;
under the constraint of a depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer speed;
and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
Alternatively, formation properties include continuity, formation dip and azimuth properties.
Example 3
The present disclosure provides an electronic device including: a memory storing executable instructions; and the processor runs the executable instructions in the memory to realize the seismic velocity modeling method.
An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.
The memory is to store non-transitory computer readable instructions. In particular, the memory may include one or more computer program products that may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory (cache), and/or the like. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.
The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit having data processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the disclosure, the processor is configured to execute the computer readable instructions stored in the memory.
Those skilled in the art should understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus, an interface, and the like, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
For the detailed description of the present embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
Example 4
The disclosed embodiments provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic velocity modeling method.
A computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has non-transitory computer-readable instructions stored thereon. The non-transitory computer readable instructions, when executed by a processor, perform all or a portion of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the disclosure previously described.
The computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROMs and DVDs), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MOs), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tapes or removable disks), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory cards), and media with built-in ROMs (e.g., ROM cartridges).
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of embodiments of the invention is intended only to illustrate the benefits of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit embodiments of the invention to any examples given.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A seismic velocity modeling method, comprising:
aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex construction area, establishing a construction interpretation model according with geological rules through wave field matching analysis;
extracting time domain offset speed along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion, and establishing a depth domain initial speed field;
and obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
2. The seismic velocity modeling method of claim 1, wherein building a geological-law conforming tectonic interpretation model by wavefield matching analysis for complex tectonic zone low signal-to-noise ratio data comprises:
establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed;
obtaining a superposition section according to the construction model;
and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
3. The seismic velocity modeling method of claim 1, wherein extracting time domain migration velocities along said tectonic interpretation model, performing a time-depth transformation, and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field comprises:
extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer speed;
determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed;
and performing time-depth conversion on the processed construction interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain the depth domain initial speed field.
4. The seismic velocity modeling method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a final depth domain velocity field from said depth domain initial velocity field by mesh tomographic velocity optimization comprises:
performing prestack depth migration on the depth domain initial velocity field to obtain depth domain imaging data;
extracting the construction attribute of the depth domain imaging data from the depth domain imaging data, and picking up the residual delay of the depth domain through a common imaging point gather;
establishing a depth domain structure interpretation model according to the depth domain imaging data;
under the constraint of the depth domain structure interpretation model, solving a grid tomography matrix according to the structure attribute and the depth domain residual delay to obtain an optimized depth domain layer velocity;
and repeating the steps until the common imaging point gather is leveled and the residual speed is zero, and obtaining the final depth domain speed field.
5. A method of seismic velocity modeling according to claim 1, wherein said formation properties include continuity, dip and azimuth properties.
6. A seismic velocity modeling apparatus, comprising:
the structure interpretation model establishing module is used for establishing a structure interpretation model which accords with geological rules through wave field matching analysis aiming at low signal-to-noise ratio data of a complex structure area;
the depth domain initial velocity field establishing module is used for extracting time domain offset velocity along the construction interpretation model, performing time-depth conversion and establishing a depth domain initial velocity field;
and the final depth domain velocity field establishing module is used for obtaining a final depth domain velocity field through mesh chromatography velocity optimization according to the depth domain initial velocity field.
7. The seismic velocity modeling apparatus of claim 6, wherein building a geological-law conforming tectonic model by wavefield matching analysis for complex tectonic zone low signal-to-noise ratio data comprises:
establishing a construction model according to the initial construction interpretation model and the well speed;
obtaining a superposition section according to the construction model;
and performing wave field matching analysis on the superposition section and the actual superposition section, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are matched, taking the initial construction interpretation model as a construction interpretation model, if the characteristic wave fields of the two superposition sections are not matched, modifying the initial construction interpretation model, and repeating the steps until the construction interpretation model is obtained.
8. The seismic velocity modeling apparatus of claim 6, wherein extracting time domain migration velocities along said tectonic interpretation model, performing a time-depth transformation, establishing a depth domain initial velocity field comprises:
extracting time domain offset speed along the layer according to the construction interpretation model, and recording the time domain offset speed as the layer speed;
determining the speed range and the change rule of the horizon according to the well logging and vsp data, and modifying and smoothing the horizon speed;
and performing time-depth conversion on the processed construction interpretation model, transversely adding corresponding processed layer-following speed, and longitudinally performing interpolation based on the constructed instantaneous speed gradient to obtain the depth domain initial speed field.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
a memory storing executable instructions;
a processor executing the executable instructions in the memory to implement the seismic velocity modeling method of any of claims 1-5.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic velocity modeling method of any of claims 1-5.
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