CN113820312A - Method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product - Google Patents
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic identification, in particular to a method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine products or imitations, which aims at solving the problem that some more valuable articles are damaged because the existing inexperienced ordinary users have no reference standard and are difficult to judge by themselves, and the following scheme is proposed and comprises the following steps: s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification; s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report; s3, according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic, the authenticity of the ceramic is preliminarily judged, the accuracy of identification is improved, the identification is more scientific and reasonable, the ceramic can be automatically preliminarily judged by a user, the common user has a reference standard, and the phenomenon that valuable things are damaged due to the fact that the valuable things cannot be paid attention to the ceramic is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic identification, in particular to an identification and analysis method for ancient ceramic genuine products or imitations.
Background
The ceramic identification is to judge the ceramic firing time, area, kiln mouth, kiln system and distinguish the truth from the false in each historical period from the new stone age in China. There are two methods for identifying ceramics: one is the traditional method that the appraiser draws the ancestor experience, references and images to appraise according to the appraisal ability obtained in practice; the other method is that the science and technology worker applies the modern science and technology means of analysis, assay, measuring and displaying, hand-held microscope, etc. to identify.
In the prior art, an inexperienced ordinary user does not have a reference standard, and is difficult to judge by himself, so that some more valuable objects cannot be regarded and damaged, and therefore a method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine products or imitations is provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, inexperienced ordinary users have no reference standard and are difficult to judge by themselves, so that some more expensive objects are damaged due to the fact that the more expensive objects cannot be regarded as important, and the method is used for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic true products or imitations.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by adopting an irregular porous autocrine bubble detection method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main result, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the irregular porous soil secretion bubble detection method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main result;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
Preferably, the ancient ceramic artwork stays in different acid-base stratum environments for a long time in different years, glaze surfaces change the internal structure and stress and age phenomena gradually and increase along with the lapse of time, weak acid and alkali of external soil erodes continuously, the ancient ceramic artwork begins to fall off slowly along with the time at the thinnest part of a critical bubble to form a top mesopore, the mesopore is larger along with the longer time, irregular pore-shaped soil secretion bubbles are formed, and the observation experiment comparison of tens of thousands of pieces shows that the diameter of the bubble, the diameter of the mesopore and the age of entering the soil have close direct proportion relation, the coefficient value of the diameter of the mesopore divided by the diameter of the bubble is larger, the age of entering the soil is longer, and the irregular pore-shaped soil secretion bubbles are not reproducible, so that the truth of the ceramic can be obtained by detecting the irregular pore-shaped soil secretion bubbles.
Preferably, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
Preferably, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and mild gloss, and light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, and the glaze of the new ceramic ware often has a layer of floating light, is bright and glaring, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze will not have a bright and mild glittering light, and the glaze will have countless fine marks, stains, loss of gloss and loss of verve.
Preferably, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the ceramic is photographed by using a high-definition camera, and the photographed pictures are marked and uploaded for storage.
Preferably, during uploading, the picture is identified through the image identifier, the characteristic data is extracted automatically, and the extraction result is fed back to the user after extraction is completed.
Preferably, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic are matched in the database, the extracted data are compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is carried out according to the comparison condition.
Preferably, in S2, the ceramics is observed by a high-definition digital microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the micro-morphology, the processing trace and the use trace of the ceramics can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, thereby estimating the processing technology, the production age and the utility of the device.
Preferably, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user can input the content to be searched, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
Preferably, in S8, after the user has been authenticated, the photo of the ceramic may be uploaded, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the photo uploaded by the user.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the authenticity of the ceramic is preliminarily judged according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic, and comprehensive judgment is carried out by combining an irregular porous autocrine bubble detection method and an aging identification method, so that the identification accuracy is improved, and the identification is more scientific and reasonable;
according to the method, the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic are recorded into the database, the identification data and the age data are added at the same time, the data are classified and stored, a user can extract the data in the data through identity verification, the extracted data are compared with the ceramic characteristic data, the data can be automatically preliminarily judged by the user, a common user has a reference standard, and the phenomenon that valuable things are damaged due to the fact that the valuable things cannot be paid attention to the data is avoided;
the invention improves the accuracy of identification, has more scientific and reasonable identification, can be used for the user to carry out preliminary judgment by himself, enables the common user to have a reference standard, and avoids the situation that valuable things are damaged due to the fact that the valuable things cannot be regarded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying and analyzing an ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product, comprising the steps of:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by adopting an irregular porous autocrine bubble detection method, judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to an identification result, wherein the irregular porous autocrine bubble detection method is an extension of a visual inspection, is observed by using a microscope, is simple and transparent, is convenient to calculate, has no damage to ancient ceramic artworks, is accurate in identification and low in price, and can be designed into a software microscopic identification detection instrument;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main result, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the irregular porous soil secretion bubble detection method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main result;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
In the embodiment, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
In this embodiment, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and thick gloss and is warm and moist, light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, a layer of floating light is often formed on the glaze of the new ceramic ware, the glaze is bright and dazzling, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze does not have the glittering and translucent effect of the ancient ceramic ware, and the glaze has countless fine marks, stains, loses gloss and loses verve.
In this embodiment, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the high-definition camera is used to photograph the ceramic, and the photographed photos are marked and uploaded for storage.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the image recognizer recognizes the photo, extracts the feature data by itself, and feeds back the extraction result to the user after extraction is completed.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
In this embodiment, in S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the microscopic morphology, the processing trace, and the use trace of the ceramic can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, so as to estimate the processing technology, the production age, and the utility of the device.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user may input the content to be searched by himself, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user performs the authentication, the user may upload the picture of the ceramic, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the picture uploaded by the user.
Taking Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze as an example; the aging coefficient of the new imitation is between 0.06 and 0.10, and the majority is 0.08; the aging coefficient of the product at the late generation stage is between 0.12 and 0.18; the aging coefficient of the product from the final stage of the Ming Dynasty to the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty is between 0.16 and 0.22; the aging coefficient of the product from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty is between 0.20 and 0.26; the aging coefficient of the primary product is between 0.24 and 0.28.
The death of vision of thousands of years in China is as life-culture inheritance, so that people bury a plurality of ancient artworks in graves, along with the development of society, the ancient ceramic artworks continuously come out of earth and flow into the folks in various forms due to various reasons, the ancient ceramic artworks stay in different acid-base stratum environments for different age periods, the glaze surface continuously changes the internal structure, the stress and the aging phenomenon gradually increase along with the passage of time, the weak acid and alkali of external soil continuously erodes, the ancient ceramic artworks slowly fall off along with the time at the thinnest part of critical bubbles to form mesopores at the top, the mesopores are larger along with the longer age period, namely irregular porous soil secreting bubbles are formed, the diameters of the bubbles, the mesopores and the age limit of the soil are found to have close direct proportion relationship through the comparison of tens of thousands of observation experiments, the coefficient value of the diameter of the mesopores divided by the diameters of the bubbles is larger, the age limit of the soil is longer, the year limit is calculated and calculated through the experiment, And exploring a regular proportional coefficient ceramic manufacture age suite table.
Precondition for observing and determining irregular porous autocrine bubble
The glaze must be "bright as new". The thinking of people is greatly distinguished and diverged in the aspect of judging the brightness of a glaze surface, the original 'eye identification' is the description of equisetum and baoguang, but the brightness of famous kiln porcelain which is unearthed for nearly thousand years and dry pit is different from the brightness of new porcelain by naked eyes, and an experienced expert gives a conclusion after comprehensive judgment. However, the explanation by the adjective of ' appreciation ' cannot persuade the keeper of the collection, so that the phenomenon of artificial polishing and false light loss (water pits, and the difference between the light loss of waterlogged porcelain and the light loss of polishing is larger, and additional ' line detection ') is eliminated when the ' irregular hole-shaped soil secretion bubbles ' are identified as ' bright as new
The inner edge of the hole of the irregular hole-shaped soil secretion bubble must be provided with a circle of yellow soil secretion crystals or black soil secretion crystals, and the soil secretion crystals are generally white or light gray and are yellow. When the embryo is black or reddish brown, the crystal color of the oxytetracycline is black or red.
The edges of the mesopores of the bubbles must naturally fall off and form an irregular saw-tooth shape.
The three methods are key details for distinguishing the artificial polishing and the chemical light loss of the high-imitation ceramic and need to be distinguished carefully.
The pseudo replication limitation of the irregular porous soil-secreted air bubbles and the micro mechanism of several colors, types and characteristics in the irregular porous soil-secreted air bubbles on the glaze surface of the porcelain body with various body qualities.
The average diameter of the irregular pore-shaped autocrine bubbles is about 150 μm observed by a microscope with the magnification of about 100, and the minimum diameter of the mesopore is about 15 μm. (the third generation ceramics of the Ming dynasty in the end period of the Ming dynasty)
The thinnest point of the "critical bubble" should theoretically be within 10 μm, which is a "constant" thickness resulting from coupling of multiple synthetic external factors, as is the natural relationship of stars to planets. We do not study the formation factor of the 'critical bubble', and only explain the breakage rule of the 'irregular porous bubble'. There are multiple factors, but there are mainly 2.
The first one is: the data research shows that the glaze formed by high-temperature melting is a glassy homogeneous body, the internal structure of the glaze is disordered and is in a metastable state in a natural environment, the internal structure of the glaze is continuously and automatically adjusted along with the time, the disordered metastable state is transformed into an ordered stable state, fine crystals are formed, the direction of internal stress is continuously changed, and microcracks are formed, which is the aging phenomenon of the glaze.
A second bar: different stratums contain water quality and acid-base substances with different degrees, slowly corrode ancient ceramics buried underground, enter microcracks formed by aging, and form disordered falling with time regularity gradually along with the time under the action of double-layer internal and external factors, and finally form mesopores of irregular porous soil secretory bubbles. For example, the brick foundation of the rural house foundation of the 60 and 70 years has 'saltpeter bricks', the brick edges and corners fall off completely, and the brick is aged and crushed in a humid environment in some cases, which belong to a principle.
The inner edge of the middle hole is formed by yellow soil secretion, black soil secretion and red soil secretion.
Data tests prove that at the initial stage of mesopore formation, the capillary phenomenon in the porcelain body is communicated with the mesopores, and the change of external temperature can cause the micro-respiration phenomenon of the porcelain body. The components of the matrix are tested, wherein the matrix comprises chemical substances such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, MnO, P2O3 and CuO, the matrix soil components at the kiln mouths are in different proportions, and the colors of the matrix soil components are different due to different kiln temperatures, so that secondary chemical reactions occur after the erosion of formation water and the erosion of trace acid and alkali, different secondary chemical crystals are generated, and the color expression of different chemical substances is also realized in cracks of ceramic glaze surfaces with different matrix colors or irregular porous soil bubbles. For example: it is often seen that white crystals precipitate from capillary holes of a wall surface after a cement brick wall is built for more than a dozen days. The ceramic matrix will also precipitate out of the chemical crystals of the various color particles in a wet stratum. The porous ceramic bodies are attached to the edges of the mesopores of the irregular porous bubbles after hundreds of years along with the micro respiration of the ceramic bodies, so that the irregular porous soil secretion bubbles of various colors are formed.
For example: the crystals on the inner edge of the white body ancient porcelain with less iron content and the porous irregular soil-secreting bubbles are white or yellow (such as blue-white porcelain, firewood porcelain, over-kiln blue-white porcelain, fixed kiln and the like; the color of the irregular porous soil-secreting bubbles of the black body Gong porcelain and the official porcelain is black; and the color of the red body Gong porcelain and the official porcelain is red and the irregular porous soil-secreting bubbles).
The "irregular porous autocrine bubbles" are not reproducible.
The irregular porous autocrine bubble is formed naturally by coupling under multi-top comprehensive conditions. In the same kiln, there were many "critical bubbles" and few "critical bubbles", and 5% of the porcelain had no "critical bubbles", and it was necessary to compare and identify the porcelain. The soil-secreted crystals at the pore edges of the bubbles need to be finished by the 'aging' long-term natural micro-respiration phenomenon. So the irregular porous autocrine bubble can completely eliminate the possibility of artificial replication.
Minimum age for forming irregular porous autocrine bubble and calculation method for determining ceramic making age
According to the long-term actual statistical observation (including unearthed ceramic pieces) of tens of thousands of ancient ceramics, only one blue and white porcelain is found to have the irregular porous autocrine bubbles in Qingyong, one blue and white porcelain is found to have the irregular porous autocrine bubbles in Qianlong, and the scratch surface is found to have the dry yellow appearance, and the conclusion that the irregular porous autocrine bubbles can be generated at least for more than 250 years when the irregular porous autocrine bubbles appear and the scratch surface of the porcelain has the dry yellow appearance is calculated according to the unearthed time in recent years, namely, the ancient porcelain can be generated after the ancient porcelain is excavated for more than 250 years.
The practical comparison research shows that the direct ratio of the diameter of the irregular porous soil-secreting bubbles to the irregular mesopores has a direct relationship with the production age of the ceramic, and the direct ratio is a regular aging characteristic, namely, the larger the ratio coefficient is, the larger the mesopores are, the longer the production age of the ceramic is.
The main factors for forming the mesopores by the 'critical bubbles' are the dual functions of long-term erosion of various acid and alkali substances contained in the soil layer and natural aging of the glaze, but the regularity of 'aging' mesopores is influenced by the different firing fire temperatures of the ingredients of the glaze and the difference of the glaze thickness at the top ends of the bubbles, and before the coefficient is calculated, empirical number adjustment is carried out according to different factors, so that errors are reduced as much as possible in the broken links, and the historical true phase is restored.
The identification method belongs to the extension of the traditional visual inspection, which is to avoid the misjudgment of high-imitation artworks by the visual inspection, and changes the artificial age characteristic to the development of natural aging characteristic and artificial age characteristic, and the visual inspection can be replaced by the mechanical inspection at the moment of the achievement, so that the authenticity can be clearly and definitely determined by simple operation, the generations can be checked by numbers, the influence of subjective or objective factors in the identification process of an identifier is solved, and the aim of protecting the cultural relics is fulfilled.
Through a large amount of practices, the proportion coefficient of the irregular porous autocrine bubble in each generation is summarized through observation and research.
The coefficient is calculated by the formula: mesopore diameter ÷ bubble diameter ═ passage coefficient.
The coefficients of irregular porous soil secretion bubbles d1 ÷ d (d1 ═ mesopore diameter, d ═ bubble diameter) of the ancient ceramic glaze surface (the diameter is more than or equal to 25 gammam) are looked up in the annual table as follows:
example two
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying and analyzing an ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product, comprising the steps of:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by a devitrification structural analysis method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main result, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the devitrification structure analysis method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main result;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
Devitrified structure analysis method: the porcelain enamel formed by high-temperature melting is in a glass state homogeneous body state, the internal structure of the porcelain enamel can be continuously and automatically adjusted along with the time lapse from the birth date, the disordered metastable state is gradually changed into the ordered state, namely the 'aging phenomenon' of the glaze, the aging degree is continuously deepened, the influence of the external environment is less, and if a physical and chemical method is used for ageing, the surface of the glaze can be damaged, and the influence on the internal structure of the glaze is less.
In the embodiment, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
In this embodiment, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and thick gloss and is warm and moist, light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, a layer of floating light is often formed on the glaze of the new ceramic ware, the glaze is bright and dazzling, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze does not have the glittering and translucent effect of the ancient ceramic ware, and the glaze has countless fine marks, stains, loses gloss and loses verve.
In this embodiment, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the high-definition camera is used to photograph the ceramic, and the photographed photos are marked and uploaded for storage.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the image recognizer recognizes the photo, extracts the feature data by itself, and feeds back the extraction result to the user after extraction is completed.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
In this embodiment, in S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the microscopic morphology, the processing trace, and the use trace of the ceramic can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, so as to estimate the processing technology, the production age, and the utility of the device.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user may input the content to be searched by himself, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user performs the authentication, the user may upload the picture of the ceramic, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the picture uploaded by the user.
Taking Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze as an example; the aging coefficient of the new imitation is between 0.06 and 0.10, and the majority is 0.08; the aging coefficient of the product at the late generation stage is between 0.12 and 0.18; the aging coefficient of the product from the final stage of the Ming Dynasty to the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty is between 0.16 and 0.22; the aging coefficient of the product from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty is between 0.20 and 0.26; the aging coefficient of the primary product is between 0.24 and 0.28.
Implementation III
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying and analyzing an ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product, comprising the steps of:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by a corrosion layer diffraction analysis method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main result, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the corrosion layer diffraction analysis method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main result;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
Corrosion layer diffraction analysis method: by X-ray diffraction analysis, the component structure information of the ceramic can be accurately and comprehensively grasped, and a more accurate generation-breaking identification conclusion can be obtained through identification.
In the embodiment, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
In this embodiment, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and thick gloss and is warm and moist, light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, a layer of floating light is often formed on the glaze of the new ceramic ware, the glaze is bright and dazzling, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze does not have the glittering and translucent effect of the ancient ceramic ware, and the glaze has countless fine marks, stains, loses gloss and loses verve.
In this embodiment, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the high-definition camera is used to photograph the ceramic, and the photographed photos are marked and uploaded for storage.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the image recognizer recognizes the photo, extracts the feature data by itself, and feeds back the extraction result to the user after extraction is completed.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
In this embodiment, in S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the microscopic morphology, the processing trace, and the use trace of the ceramic can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, so as to estimate the processing technology, the production age, and the utility of the device.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user may input the content to be searched by himself, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user performs the authentication, the user may upload the picture of the ceramic, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the picture uploaded by the user.
Taking Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze as an example; the aging coefficient of the new imitation is between 0.06 and 0.10, and the majority is 0.08; the aging coefficient of the product at the late generation stage is between 0.12 and 0.18; the aging coefficient of the product from the final stage of the Ming Dynasty to the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty is between 0.16 and 0.22; the aging coefficient of the product from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty is between 0.20 and 0.26; the aging coefficient of the primary product is between 0.24 and 0.28.
Example four
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying and analyzing an ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product, comprising the steps of:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by a C14 annual analysis method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the true and false conclusion in S3 is taken as the main point, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the C14 year-measuring analysis method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main point;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
C14 annual assay: the proportion of the C14 content of the C-containing substance in the C element is almost reduced by the conservation decay law and is reduced by half every 5730 years, so that the age of the C-containing substance stopping exchanging with the atmosphere can be calculated as long as the reduction degree of the C14 in the C-containing substance is measured, which is the principle of the C14 year measurement.
In the embodiment, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
In this embodiment, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and thick gloss and is warm and moist, light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, a layer of floating light is often formed on the glaze of the new ceramic ware, the glaze is bright and dazzling, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze does not have the glittering and translucent effect of the ancient ceramic ware, and the glaze has countless fine marks, stains, loses gloss and loses verve.
In this embodiment, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the high-definition camera is used to photograph the ceramic, and the photographed photos are marked and uploaded for storage.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the image recognizer recognizes the photo, extracts the feature data by itself, and feeds back the extraction result to the user after extraction is completed.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
In this embodiment, in S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the microscopic morphology, the processing trace, and the use trace of the ceramic can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, so as to estimate the processing technology, the production age, and the utility of the device.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user may input the content to be searched by himself, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user performs the authentication, the user may upload the picture of the ceramic, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the picture uploaded by the user.
Taking Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze as an example; the aging coefficient of the new imitation is between 0.06 and 0.10, and the majority is 0.08; the aging coefficient of the product at the late generation stage is between 0.12 and 0.18; the aging coefficient of the product from the final stage of the Ming Dynasty to the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty is between 0.16 and 0.22; the aging coefficient of the product from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty is between 0.20 and 0.26; the aging coefficient of the primary product is between 0.24 and 0.28.
EXAMPLE five
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying and analyzing an ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product, comprising the steps of:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by a Raman spectrum analysis method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main point, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the Raman spectroscopy in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main point;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
In the embodiment, the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by adopting a modern quantum physics detection technology, and then judge the truth of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
In this embodiment, in S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted, and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, so that the glaze of the ancient ceramic ware has a deep and thick gloss and is warm and moist, light is emitted from the inside, the light is naturally formed, a layer of floating light is often formed on the glaze of the new ceramic ware, the glaze is bright and dazzling, or is called "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by using a delustering agent or other methods, the glaze does not have the glittering and translucent effect of the ancient ceramic ware, and the glaze has countless fine marks, stains, loses gloss and loses verve.
In this embodiment, in S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the high-definition camera is used to photograph the ceramic, and the photographed photos are marked and uploaded for storage.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the image recognizer recognizes the photo, extracts the feature data by itself, and feeds back the extraction result to the user after extraction is completed.
In this embodiment, during uploading, the ceramic data with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
In this embodiment, in S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on the CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the microscopic morphology, the processing trace, and the use trace of the ceramic can be clearly observed by microscopic observation and recording imaging, so as to estimate the processing technology, the production age, and the utility of the device.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user is authenticated, the user may input the content to be searched by himself, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
In this embodiment, in S8, after the user performs the authentication, the user may upload the picture of the ceramic, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the picture uploaded by the user.
Taking Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze as an example; the aging coefficient of the new imitation is between 0.06 and 0.10, and the majority is 0.08; the aging coefficient of the product at the late generation stage is between 0.12 and 0.18; the aging coefficient of the product from the final stage of the Ming Dynasty to the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty is between 0.16 and 0.22; the aging coefficient of the product from the early stage to the middle stage of the Ming Dynasty is between 0.20 and 0.26; the aging coefficient of the primary product is between 0.24 and 0.28.
Comparative example 1
A method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
and S3, judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics of the ceramic and the analysis report.
Comparative example No. two
A method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
and S4, identifying the trace elements and trace elements in the ceramic by adopting an element identification method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result and the analysis report of S3.
Comparative example No. three
A method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products comprises the following steps:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
and S4, identifying the ceramic by adopting an aging identification method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result and the analysis report of S3.
Experimental example 1
The identification analysis methods provided by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth examples and the first, second and third comparative examples are adopted to identify a batch of ceramics, and the identification accuracy is as follows:
the identification analysis method in the first embodiment is adopted to detect the Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain glaze, and the detection report is as follows:
the above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for identifying and analyzing ancient ceramic genuine or imitated products is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, extracting the appearance characteristics of the ceramic, wherein the appearance characteristics comprise: body color, body texture, glaze color, ornamentation and identification;
s2, observing and analyzing the modeling and process characteristic rules of the ceramic to obtain an analysis report;
s3, preliminarily judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the appearance characteristics and the analysis report of the ceramic;
s4, identifying the ceramic by adopting an irregular porous autocrine bubble detection method, and judging the authenticity of the ceramic according to the identification result;
if the judgment results in the S5 and the S3 are matched with the judgment result in the S4, directly obtaining an authenticity conclusion, and if the judgment results are not matched, performing an aging identification method;
s6, if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the judgment result in S3, the truth conclusion of S3 is taken as the main result, and if the result of the aging identification method is consistent with the result of the irregular porous soil secretion bubble detection method in S4, the result in S4 is taken as the main result;
s7, if the ceramic is a genuine product, recording the appearance characteristics of the ceramic in the S1 and the modeling and process characteristic rule data of the ceramic in the S2 into a database, and adding identification data and age data to classify and store the data;
and S8, after the user is authenticated, the data in the data can be extracted, and the extracted data is compared with the ceramic characteristic data of the user, so that the user can make a preliminary judgment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the ancient ceramic artwork stays in different acid-base stratum environments for different time periods, the glaze surface changes the internal structure and the stress and aging phenomena gradually and gradually with the passage of time, the weak acid-base of the external soil erodes gradually, the ancient ceramic artwork slowly falls off along with time at the thinnest part of the critical bubble to form a top mesopore, the mesopore is larger as the age is longer, the irregular pore soil secretion bubble is formed, the diameter of the bubble, the diameter of the mesopore and the age of the soil are found to have close direct proportion relation through comparison of tens of thousands of observation experiments, the coefficient value of the diameter of the mesopore divided by the diameter of the bubble is larger, the age of the soil is longer, the irregular pore soil secretion bubble is irreproducible, and therefore, by detecting the irregular pore soil secretion bubble, the authenticity of the ceramic can be obtained.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aging identification method is to determine the aging degree of the ancient ceramic glaze by using modern quantum physics detection technology, and then to judge the authenticity of the ceramic according to the aging degree.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the appearance characteristics of the ceramic are extracted and the extracted characteristic data are analyzed, the glaze of ancient ceramic ware is deep and moist, the light is emitted from the interior, the light is naturally formed, the new ceramic ware is often a layer of floating light, bright and glaring, or "nature", even if the surface floating light is removed by a matting agent or other methods, the glaze will not be bright and moist, and the glaze will have numerous fine marks, stains, loss of luster and loss of verve.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, when the appearance features of the ceramic are extracted, the ceramic is photographed by a high definition camera, and the photographed pictures are marked and uploaded for storage.
6. The method for identifying and analyzing the ancient ceramic genuine or imitated product according to claim 5, wherein the picture is identified by an image identifier during uploading, the characteristic data is automatically extracted, and the extraction result is fed back to a user after the extraction is finished.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the data of the ceramic with the highest similarity to the ceramic is matched in the database during uploading, the extracted data is compared with the matched data one by one, and the authenticity judgment is performed according to the comparison condition.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the ceramic is observed by a high-definition digital observation microscope, the observed image is directly imaged on a CMOS photosensitive element, and the texture, the micro-morphology, the processing trace and the use trace of the ceramic are observed and recorded in a microscopic manner, so as to deduce the processing technology, the production time and the utility of the device.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S8, the user can input the content to be searched by himself after authentication, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the content input by the user.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S8, the user can upload the photos of the ancient ceramic products after the user has authenticated, and the database matches the corresponding data according to the photos uploaded by the user.
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