CN113817944B - High-performance tungsten alloy bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance tungsten alloy bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113817944B CN113817944B CN202111066799.0A CN202111066799A CN113817944B CN 113817944 B CN113817944 B CN 113817944B CN 202111066799 A CN202111066799 A CN 202111066799A CN 113817944 B CN113817944 B CN 113817944B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a high-performance tungsten alloy bar and a preparation method thereof. The bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90-95% of tungsten, 3.5-7% of nickel, 1.5-3% of iron and the balance of inevitable impurities; the preparation method of the bar comprises the following steps: respectively weighing tungsten powder, nickel powder and iron powder according to the component proportion of the bar, mixing to obtain composite powder, adding a binder into the composite powder for mixing treatment, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion forming treatment, degumming treatment, sintering treatment, heat treatment after sintering and finish forging deformation treatment to obtain a tungsten alloy bar; wherein, the total deformation amount of the precision forging deformation treatment is 20-60%; the preparation method is simple to operate, low-temperature forging can be realized, the prepared tungsten alloy bar has uniform performance, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1250MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forging of high-performance tungsten alloy bars, in particular to a high-performance tungsten alloy bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high specific gravity alloy has the excellent performances of high density, high strength, good ductility, small thermal expansion coefficient, good electric and heat conducting properties, strong corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, good machining and weldability and the like, and is widely applied to national defense and civil industries. As gyro rotors, inertial rotating elements, etc. in the aviation industry; are used as kinetic armor piercing projectile cores in the weapons industry; as a radiation shielding material in the medical and health industries; the alloy is used as an electric heating upsetting anvil block material, a die casting die material and the like in the metal processing industry.
With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the performance requirements of high-specific gravity alloys are higher and higher. In order to improve the performance of high-specific-gravity alloy materials, a great deal of research is carried out on the aspects of preparation technology, deformation processing and the like at home and abroad, great progress is made, and the continuously adopted advanced preparation technology and processing technology enable the application range of high-specific-gravity alloy materials to be wider and wider.
The deformation strengthening is an effective method for improving the strength of the tungsten alloy material and ensuring certain toughness, and can effectively refine grains. At present, the deformation strengthening modes of the high-performance tungsten alloy are many, including various deformation modes such as air hammer forging, rotary forging, quick forging, rolling and the like, but because the traditional rotary forging deformation process needs multi-pass forging and multiple annealing for ensuring enough deformation capacity, the working efficiency is reduced, and the aim of high-efficiency and large-batch production is difficult to realize; the forging of the air hammer adopts the vertical movement to hammer and apply force, so that the radial stress uniformity of the prepared tungsten alloy bar is poor; although the rapid forging deformation adopts hydraulic force application and is more stable than the forging by an air hammer, the defect that the radial stress uniformity of the tungsten alloy bar is poor due to the vertical motion force application of a rapid forging machine still exists; in the rolling deformation process, the performance of the prepared tungsten alloy bar is not uniform due to the fact that the surface layer deforms rapidly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the high-performance tungsten alloy bar and the preparation method thereof, the preparation method is simple to operate, low-temperature forging can be realized, and the prepared tungsten alloy bar has uniform performance, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1250MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12%.
Aiming at the aim, the invention provides a high-performance tungsten alloy bar in a first aspect, and the bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
90-95% of tungsten, 3.5-7% of nickel, 1.5-3% of iron and the balance of inevitable impurities.
According to the preparation method, nickel and iron elements are added into tungsten, and the nickel, iron and tungsten form bonded and connected tungsten particles after sintering, and the bonded phase has good deformability, so that the tungsten alloy has certain toughness, and the defect that pure tungsten products are poor in toughness due to large density is overcome; the content of nickel and iron added in the method is too low, and the elongation of the prepared tungsten alloy bar is directly influenced by too high content of tungsten, so that the toughness is poor; the content of nickel and iron added in the application is too much, and the content of tungsten is too little, so that the tensile strength of the prepared tungsten alloy bar can not meet the use requirement.
In the high-performance tungsten alloy bar, as a preferred embodiment, the tensile strength at room temperature of the bar is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength of the bar is more than or equal to 1250MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12 percent; preferably, the diameter of the rod is 6-10mm (e.g. 7mm, 8mm, 9 mm) and the length of the rod is 300-1000mm (e.g. 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm, 900 mm).
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance tungsten alloy bar, which comprises the following steps:
respectively weighing tungsten powder, nickel powder and iron powder according to the component proportion of the bar, mixing to obtain composite powder, adding a binder into the composite powder for mixing treatment, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion forming treatment, degumming treatment, sintering treatment, thermal treatment after sintering and finish forging deformation treatment to obtain a tungsten alloy bar;
wherein the total deformation amount of the precision forging deformation treatment is 20-60% (such as 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%).
According to the method, finish forging deformation treatment is selected as a deformation strengthening mode for preparing the high-performance tungsten alloy bar, large parts can be forged mainly due to the fact that forging force of the finish forging deformation treatment is large, forging bar blank deformation is more uniform, meanwhile, low-temperature forging and even cold forging can be achieved through the finish forging deformation treatment, energy can be saved, consumption can be reduced, the service life of equipment can be prolonged, in addition, compared with rolling deformation, oxide skin generated by the forged tungsten alloy bar is less, the surface smoothness is good, the rate can generally reach Ra3.2, the method can be directly applied without subsequent machining, the tensile strength of the prepared tungsten alloy bar at room temperature is larger than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is larger than or equal to 1250MPa, and the elongation after fracture is larger than or equal to 12%.
According to the method, the total deformation of the precision forging deformation treatment is controlled to be 20-60%, under the deformation, the tungsten alloy bar can be guaranteed to be completely forged from the surface layer to the core part, and meanwhile, tungsten particles in the tungsten alloy bar cannot be broken, so that the elongation is greatly reduced; if the deformation amount of the finish forging treatment is too low, the core part of the tungsten alloy rod is not completely forged, and if the deformation amount of the finish forging treatment is too high, the tungsten particles are broken, so that the plasticity of the tungsten alloy rod is reduced. Through adding the binder and cooperating with the extrusion forming treatment in this application, can make the compact uniformity that composite powder formed after the extrusion forming better to make the tungsten alloy rod stable performance unanimous that finally makes.
In the above manufacturing method, as a preferred embodiment, in the finish forging deformation treatment, a primary heating treatment is performed first, then multi-pass forging is performed, and remelting heating is performed before the next forging is performed (a billet remelting heating step is provided between adjacent passes); preferably, the precision forging deformation treatment needs 2-3 forging passes, and the deformation amount of each forging pass is 10-20% (such as 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%); preferably, the forging frequency is 40-50Hz (e.g., 42Hz, 44Hz, 46Hz, 48 Hz), the advancing speed is 5-12mm/s (e.g., 7mm/s, 8mm/s, 9mm/s, 10mm/s, 11 mm/s); preferably, the heating temperature of the primary heat treatment is 400 to 1000 ℃ (such as 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃), preferably less than 700 ℃, more preferably 400 to 600 ℃ (such as 420 ℃, 480 ℃, 520 ℃, 580 ℃), and the holding time is 0.5 to 2 hours (such as 0.6 hour, 0.8 hour, 1.2 hour, 1.6 hour, 1.8 hour); preferably, the primary heat treatment is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere; preferably, the heating temperature of the annealing heating is 400-1000 ℃ (such as 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃), preferably less than 700 ℃, more preferably 400-600 ℃ (such as 420 ℃, 480 ℃, 520 ℃, 580 ℃), and the holding time is 10-40min (such as 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 35 min).
In the application, when the deformation of each pass is too low, the forging passes can be increased to meet the total deformation in the process of finish forging deformation treatment, and the forging passes are increased to further increase the processing cost; because the tungsten alloy bar is easy to be processed and hardened in the forging process, the tungsten particles can be damaged due to the excessively high deformation of each pass, and the elongation is reduced; the purpose of first heating treatment in the application is to heat the bar subjected to heat treatment after sintering to the temperature of plastic deformation, the risk of fracture of the forged bar blank can be caused by too low heating temperature, and thicker oxide skin can be generated on the surface of the forged bar blank to influence subsequent processing by too high heating temperature; the main purpose of performing the furnace returning heating before the next forging is to match with the subsequent forging, so that the temperature from the core part of the bar to the outer surface is uniform, the risk of fracture of a forged bar blank is reduced, and the generation of a thicker oxide skin is reduced; the forged bar blank in the application can be directly machined to obtain a finished product with a required size without annealing treatment.
The preparation method can realize low-temperature forging, can perform finish forging deformation at the temperature of less than 700 ℃, preferably 400-600 ℃, is simple to operate, and rolling deformation is high in efficiency but consists of a plurality of rolling stands, and each rolling stand absorbs heat in the rolling process, so that continuous rolling deformation at the temperature of less than 700 ℃ cannot be realized.
In the above production method, as a preferred embodiment, the tungsten powder has a fisher's particle size of 4.0 to 5.0 μm (e.g., 4.2 μm, 4.4 μm, 4.6 μm, 4.8 μm), the nickel powder has a particle size of 3.0 to 4.0 μm (e.g., 3.2 μm, 3.4 μm, 3.6 μm, 3.8 μm), and the iron powder has a particle size of 2.0 to 2.8 μm (e.g., 2.2 μm, 2.4 μm, 2.6 μm); mixing the tungsten powder, the nickel powder and the iron powder in a mixer; preferably, the rotation speed is 50-70r/min (such as 55r/min, 58r/min, 65r/min, 68 r/min) and the mixing time is 12-24h (such as 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 22 h).
In the above preparation method, as a preferred embodiment, the binder is added to the composite powder to perform a mixing treatment, the mixing treatment being performed at 50 to 80 ℃ (e.g., 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃) for 3 to 6 hours (e.g., 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours); preferably, the binder is paraffin wax; preferably, the binder is 3% to 5% (e.g., 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%) by weight of the composite powder.
In the above production method, as a preferable embodiment, in the extrusion molding, the extrusion pressure is 100 to 150MPa (e.g., 110MPa, 120MPa, 130MPa, 140 MPa).
Adopt extrusion's pressing method in this application, overcome the inconsistent problem of conventional cold isostatic pressing mode bar size, automatic discharging after the pressure in this application reaches the setting value does not pressurize, does not have the requirement to the density of pressed compact.
In the above preparation method, as a preferred embodiment, the degumming treatment is carried out in a degumming furnace under a hydrogen atmosphere, the degumming temperature is 400-800 ℃ (such as 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃) and the degumming time is 10-15h (such as 11h, 12h, 13h, 14 h).
In the above production method, as a preferable embodiment, the sintering treatment is performed under a hydrogen atmosphere; preferably, the sintering is divided into low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering; preferably, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1100-1250 ℃ (such as 1120 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1180 ℃ and 1220 ℃), and the sintering time is 25-60min (such as 30min, 40min and 50 min); the high temperature sintering temperature is 1450-1540 deg.C (such as 1480 deg.C, 1500 deg.C, 1520 deg.C), and the sintering time is 25-60min (such as 30min, 40min, 50 min).
The low-temperature sintering mainly completes the volatilization and impurity removal processes of low-melting-point impurities such as heat conduction, carbon, sulfur and the like, and the high-temperature sintering mainly completes the impurity removal and air hole closing processes of high-melting-point impurities, so that a sintering rod blank with excellent mechanical properties is obtained.
In the above production method, as a preferable embodiment, the post-sintering heat treatment is performed under nitrogen, argon or vacuum conditions; preferably, the temperature of the post-sintering heat treatment is 800-1300 ℃ (such as 900 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃), and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-10h (such as 1h, 3h, 5h, 7h, 9 h).
In the above production method, as a preferred embodiment, the production method further includes a machining process performed after the finish forging deformation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method, the finish forging deformation treatment is selected as a deformation strengthening mode, the forging force of the finish forging deformation treatment is large, the forging is uniform, the performance of the forged bar blank subjected to the finish forging deformation treatment is stable, meanwhile, the finish forging deformation treatment can realize low-temperature forging (the finish forging deformation is carried out at the temperature of less than 700 ℃ and preferably 400-600 ℃) and even cold forging, the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the surface smoothness of the tungsten alloy bar subjected to the finish forging deformation treatment is good.
2. According to the invention, the binder is added to be matched with the extrusion forming treatment, the pressed blank after extrusion forming has good consistency, and hydrogen in the tungsten alloy bar is removed through inert gas protection heat treatment after sintering, so that the sintered blank has excellent deformability, and the forging deformation is uniform by matching with a precision forging machine, so that the performance of the prepared tungsten alloy bar is uniform.
3. The tensile strength at room temperature of the tungsten alloy bar prepared by the method is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1250MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12 percent, and the use requirements of military application can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a tungsten alloy bar obtained by heat treatment after sintering in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of a tungsten alloy forged bar obtained by a finish forging deformation treatment in example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of a tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering in comparative example 2 of the present application.
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure diagram of a tungsten alloy bar obtained by rolling deformation treatment in comparative example 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The following examples are provided as the basis for further modifications and applications by those skilled in the art and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and may be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available.
The specific embodiment of the invention provides a high-performance tungsten alloy bar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: selecting raw materials meeting the requirements, putting the raw materials into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing at the rotating speed of 50-70r/min for 12-24h to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion molding treatment: mixing the composite powder with a binder which accounts for 3-5% of the weight of the composite powder at 50-80 ℃ for 3-6h; then putting the mixture into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion forming treatment, wherein the extrusion pressure is 100-150MPa, and obtaining an extrusion blank;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the degumming time is 10-15h;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1100-1250 ℃, the sintering time is 25-60min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1450-1540 ℃, and the sintering time is 25-60min, so as to obtain a sintered blank;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank after sintering under the conditions of nitrogen, argon or vacuum, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 800-1300 ℃, and preserving heat for 0.5-10h;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating temperature of 400-1000 ℃ for 0.5-2h; then forging and beating for multiple times, wherein the deformation of each time is 10-20%; carrying out furnace returning and heating before next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-40min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 40-50Hz, the propelling speed is 5-12mm/s, and the total deformation amount of the precision forging deformation treatment is 20-60%, so that a tungsten alloy forging bar blank is obtained;
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
And (3) performance testing: and (4) performing a tensile test by referring to GB/T13239-2006 Metal Material Low temperature tensile test method.
Example 1: a high-performance tungsten alloy bar is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 18Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.0 microns, 1.4Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.1 microns and 0.6Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.2 microns, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 70r/min for 12 hours to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion forming treatment: mixing the composite powder with 0.8Kg of paraffin wax at 60 ℃ for 4h; then the mixture is put into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion forming treatment, the extrusion pressure is 100MPa, and an extrusion blank with the diameter of 15.4 mm multiplied by 630mm is prepared;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 600 ℃, and the degumming time is 15h;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1100 ℃, the sintering time is 25min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1450 ℃, and the sintering time is 25min, so as to obtain a phi 12.3 x 505mm sintered blank;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank under nitrogen after sintering, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 hours; testing the tensile property at room temperature, wherein the tensile strength is 920MPa, the yield strength is 870MPa, the elongation at break is 31 percent, and FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating temperature of 400 ℃ for 2h; then 2 times of forging are carried out, and the deformation of each time is 15%; carrying out furnace returning and heating before next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 40Hz, the propelling speed is 5mm/s, and tungsten alloy forging bar blanks with the diameter of 10.3 mm and the diameter of 720mm are obtained; performing a room temperature tensile test on the tungsten alloy forging bar blank, wherein the tensile strength is 1365MPa, the yield strength is 1255MPa, and the elongation at break is 13%, and fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy forging bar blank obtained through the precision forging deformation treatment;
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Example 2: a high-performance tungsten alloy bar is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 18.6Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.2 mu m, 0.98Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.5 mu m and 0.42Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.0 mu m, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 18h to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion molding treatment: mixing the composite powder with 0.6Kg of paraffin wax at 70 ℃ for 5h; then the mixture is put into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion forming treatment, the extrusion pressure is 110MPa, and an extrusion blank with the diameter of 13.6 mm multiplied by 540mm is prepared;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 700 ℃, and the degumming time is 12 hours;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the sintering time is 30min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1480 ℃, and the sintering time is 30min, so as to obtain a phi 10.9 x 433mm sintered blank; the diameter size range of the sintered blank after extrusion forming treatment is phi 10.8-11mm;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank under nitrogen after sintering, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours; testing the tensile property at room temperature, wherein the tensile strength is 970MPa, the yield strength is 905MPa, the elongation at break is 35%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering is not much different from that in the figure 1;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating temperature of 500 ℃ for 1h; then forging 3 times, wherein the deformation of each time is 20%; carrying out furnace returning heating before carrying out next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 45Hz, the propelling speed is 8mm/s, and a tungsten alloy forging bar blank with the diameter of 6.9 multiplied by 1080mm is obtained; performing room temperature tensile test on the tungsten alloy forging bar blank, wherein the tensile strength is 1378MPa, the yield strength is 1280MPa, the breaking elongation is 12.2%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy forging bar blank obtained by the finish forging deformation treatment is not much different from that of the tungsten alloy forging bar blank shown in the figure 2;
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Example 3: a high-performance tungsten alloy bar is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 19Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.5 microns, 0.7Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.0 microns and 0.3Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.5 microns, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 50r/min for 24 hours to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion molding treatment: mixing the composite powder with 1Kg of paraffin wax at 80 ℃ for 6 hours; then the mixture is put into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion forming treatment, the extrusion pressure is 120MPa, and an extrusion blank with the diameter of 12.6 mm multiplied by 450mm is prepared;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 800 ℃, and the degumming time is 10 hours;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1200 ℃, the sintering time is 40min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1520 ℃, and the sintering time is 40min, so as to obtain a phi 10.1 x 361mm sintered blank;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank under the nitrogen condition after sintering, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 1200 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2h; testing the room-temperature tensile property, wherein the tensile strength is 990MPa, the yield strength is 922MPa, the elongation at break is 28%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering is not much different from that in the figure 1;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5h; then 2 times of forging is carried out, and the deformation of each time is 10%; carrying out furnace returning heating before the next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 50Hz, the propelling speed is 10mm/s, and a tungsten alloy forging bar blank with the diameter of 9mm multiplied by 455mm is obtained; the tungsten alloy forging bar blank is subjected to room temperature tensile test, the tensile strength is 1395MPa, the yield strength is 1298MPa, the elongation at break is 12.8 percent, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy forging bar blank obtained by the finish forging deformation treatment is not greatly different from that of the tungsten alloy forging bar blank shown in figure 2;
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Example 4: a high-performance tungsten alloy bar is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 18.6Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.2 microns, 0.98Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.5 microns and 0.42Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.0 microns, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 18 hours to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion forming treatment: mixing the composite powder with 0.6Kg of paraffin wax at 70 ℃ for 5h; then the mixture is put into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion forming treatment, the extrusion pressure is 110MPa, and an extrusion blank with the diameter of 13.6 mm multiplied by 540mm is prepared;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 700 ℃, and the degumming time is 12 hours;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the sintering time is 30min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1480 ℃, and the sintering time is 30min, so as to obtain a phi 10.9 x 433mm sintered blank;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank under nitrogen after sintering, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours; testing the tensile property at room temperature, wherein the tensile strength is 970MPa, the yield strength is 905MPa, the elongation at break is 35%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering is not much different from that in the figure 1;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at the heating temperature of 600 ℃ for 1h; then forging 3 times, wherein the deformation of each time is 20%; carrying out furnace returning and heating before next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 45Hz, the propelling speed is 8mm/s, and a tungsten alloy forging bar blank with the diameter of 6.9 multiplied by 1080mm is obtained; the tungsten alloy forging bar blank is subjected to a room temperature tensile test, and has tensile strength 1412MPa, yield strength 1305MPa and elongation at break 13.2%.
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Example 5: a high-performance tungsten alloy bar is prepared by the following steps:
a high-performance tungsten alloy bar comprises the following preparation methods:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 18.6Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.2 microns, 0.98Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.5 microns and 0.42Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.0 microns, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 18 hours to obtain composite powder;
(2) Extrusion molding treatment: mixing the composite powder with 0.6Kg of paraffin wax at 70 ℃ for 5h; then the mixture is put into a charging basket of an extruding machine for extrusion molding treatment, the extrusion pressure is 110MPa, and an extrusion blank with the diameter of 13.6 mm and the diameter of 540mm is prepared;
(3) Degumming treatment: placing the extrusion blank in a degumming furnace for degumming treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the degumming temperature is 700 ℃, and the degumming time is 12 hours;
(4) Sintering treatment: placing the degummed bar blank in a hydrogen atmosphere for sintering, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the sintering time is 30min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1480 ℃, and the sintering time is 30min, so as to obtain a phi 10.9 x 433mm sintered blank;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank under nitrogen after sintering, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours; testing the tensile property at room temperature, wherein the tensile strength is 970MPa, the yield strength is 905MPa, the elongation at break is 35%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by heat treatment after sintering is not much different from that in the figure 1;
(6) And (3) precision forging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at 700 ℃ for 1h; then forging 3 times, wherein the deformation of each time is 20%; carrying out furnace returning and heating before carrying out next forging, wherein the heating temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15min; the forging frequency in the precision forging process is 45Hz, the propelling speed is 8mm/s, and a tungsten alloy forging bar blank with the diameter of 6.9 multiplied by 1080mm is obtained; performing a room-temperature tensile test on the tungsten alloy forging bar blank, wherein the tensile strength is 1355MPa, the yield strength is 1262MPa, and the breaking elongation is 12.1%;
(7) Machining: and machining the tungsten alloy forging bar blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Comparative example 1: a tungsten alloy bar, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite powder: weighing 18.6Kg of tungsten powder with the particle size of 4.2 microns, 0.98Kg of nickel powder with the particle size of 3.5 microns and 0.42Kg of iron powder with the particle size of 2.0 microns, and putting the materials into a V-shaped mixer for mixing at the rotating speed of 60r/min for 18 hours to obtain composite powder;
(2) And (3) cold isostatic pressing treatment: placing the composite powder into a mold, and performing cold isostatic pressing at a pressure of 220Mpa for 15min to obtain a compact of 12.8 × 510 mm;
(4) Sintering treatment: sintering the pressed compact in a hydrogen atmosphere, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature sintering and high-temperature sintering, the low-temperature sintering temperature is 1150 ℃, the sintering time is 30min, the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1480 ℃, and the sintering time is 30min, so as to obtain a phi 10.9X 433mm sintered compact; the diameter size range of the sintered blank subjected to the cold isostatic pressing treatment is phi 10-11.8mm;
(5) Heat treatment after sintering: carrying out thermal treatment on the sintered blank after sintering under the conditions of nitrogen, argon or vacuum, wherein the temperature of the thermal treatment after sintering is 1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 4 hours; testing the room-temperature tensile property, wherein the tensile strength is 952MPa, the yield strength is 892MPa, and the elongation at break is 30%;
(6) And (3) rotary swaging deformation treatment: carrying out primary heating treatment on the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at 700 ℃ for 1h; then forging 3 times, wherein the deformation of each time is 20%, carrying out remelting heating at 700 ℃ for 15min before next forging to obtain a tungsten alloy bar plate blank with the diameter of 6.9X 1080 mm; performing room-temperature tensile test on the tungsten alloy bar plate blank, wherein the tensile strength is 1260MPa, the yield strength is 1105MPa, and the elongation at break is 8%;
(7) Machining: and (4) machining the tungsten alloy bar plate blank to obtain a tungsten alloy bar finished product with the required size.
Comparative example 2: a tungsten alloy rod, which is the same as example 2 except that the finish forging deformation treatment of step (6) is different, and comparative example 2 employs:
(6) Rolling deformation treatment: heating the sintered bar blank in a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ℃ for 1h; then 3 times of continuous rolling are carried out, and the deformation of each time is 20 percent; the rolling speed is 0.5m/s, and a tungsten alloy bar blank with the diameter of 6.9 multiplied by 1080mm is obtained; the tungsten alloy bar blank is subjected to room temperature tensile test, the tensile strength is 1310MPa, the yield strength is 1205MPa, the elongation at break is 8.5%, and the metallographic structure diagram of the tungsten alloy bar blank obtained by rolling deformation treatment is shown in figure 4.
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is possible within the scope of the claims attached below.
Claims (20)
1. The high-performance tungsten alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 90-95% of tungsten, 3.5-7% of nickel, 1.5-3% of iron and the balance of inevitable impurities; the room-temperature tensile strength of the bar is more than or equal to 1350MPa, the yield strength of the bar is more than or equal to 1250MPa, and the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 12 percent;
the preparation method of the high-performance tungsten alloy bar comprises the following steps: respectively weighing tungsten powder, nickel powder and iron powder according to the component proportion of the bar, mixing to obtain composite powder, adding a binder into the composite powder for mixing treatment, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion forming treatment, degumming treatment, sintering treatment, thermal treatment after sintering and finish forging deformation treatment to obtain a tungsten alloy bar;
wherein the total deformation amount of the precision forging deformation treatment is 20-60%;
in the finish forging deformation treatment, primary heating treatment is firstly carried out, then multi-pass forging is carried out, and furnace returning heating is carried out before next-pass forging;
the precision forging deformation treatment needs 2-3 times of forging, and the deformation of each time is 10-20%; the forging frequency is 40-50Hz, and the propelling speed is 5-12mm/s;
the heating temperature of the primary heating treatment is 400-1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-2h, and the primary heating treatment is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere;
the heating temperature of the remelting heating is 400-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-40min.
2. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the rod is 6-10mm and the length of the rod is 300-1000mm.
3. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the primary heating process has a heating temperature of less than 700 ℃ in the finish forging deformation process.
4. The high-performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 3, wherein the heating temperature of the primary heating process in the finish forging deformation process is 400 to 600 ℃.
5. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the reheating temperature of the reheating is less than 700 ℃ in the finish forging deformation process.
6. The high-performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the reheating is 400 to 600 ℃ in the finish forging deformation process.
7. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten powder has a fisher's particle size of 4.0 to 5.0 μm, the nickel powder has a particle size of 3.0 to 4.0 μm, and the iron powder has a particle size of 2.0 to 2.8 μm.
8. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 7, wherein the mixing of the tungsten powder, the nickel powder and the iron powder is performed in a blender mixer.
9. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 8, wherein the rotation speed is 50-70r/min and the mixing time is 12-24h.
10. The high-performance tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the binder is added to the composite powder for a mixing process, wherein the mixing process is performed at 50-80 ℃ for 3-6h.
11. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 10, wherein the binder is paraffin wax.
12. The high performance tungsten alloy rod of claim 11 wherein the binder is 3% to 5% by weight of the composite powder.
13. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion pressure in the extrusion molding is 100 to 150MPa.
14. The high-performance tungsten alloy bar according to claim 1, wherein the degumming treatment is carried out in a degumming furnace under a hydrogen atmosphere, the degumming temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the degumming time is 10-15h.
15. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the sintering process is performed in a hydrogen atmosphere.
16. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 15, wherein the sintering is classified into low temperature sintering and high temperature sintering.
17. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 16, wherein the low temperature sintering temperature is 1100-1250 ℃ and the sintering time is 25-60min; the high-temperature sintering temperature is 1450-1540 ℃, and the sintering time is 25-60min.
18. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the post-sintering heat treatment is performed under nitrogen, argon or vacuum conditions.
19. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 18, wherein the post-sintering heat treatment temperature is 800-1300 ℃ and the temperature is maintained for 0.5-10h.
20. The high performance tungsten alloy rod according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing method further comprises a machining process, the machining process being performed after the finish forging deformation process.
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