CN113803071B - Thin ore body mining method based on remote intelligent heading machine - Google Patents
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine, which comprises the following steps: A. a plurality of subsections are arranged in the vertical upper middle section, a plurality of layers are arranged in the subsections, and stope access is arranged on each layer along the trend of the ore body; B. the stope approach section adopts a similar rectangle, stoping is carried out from bottom to top in a layering way, goafs are filled layer by layer, and a working space for continuous upward mining is reserved, wherein the similar rectangle is formed by two pairs of edges in the height direction, the upper part of one edge is an arc line, and the lower part of the other edge is an arc line and is used for lossless mining; C. arranging an extravenal mining quasi slope way, an extravenal subsection connecting way, an extravenal subsection gallery, an extravenal stope connecting way, a draw shaft connecting way and an ore draw shaft; D. the method adopts one or more modes of anchor rods, double ribs, guniting, net hanging and long anchor cables to support the ore rocks. The invention can realize non-explosive continuous mining on the thin ore body by utilizing the remote intelligent heading machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-coal mining, in particular to a thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine.
Background
Aiming at the mining of high-grade, soft-inclined to steep-inclined and soft-broken thin ore bodies, the conventional drilling and blasting method has the defects of high loss and dilution rate, poor operation continuity, poor safety, low production capacity, low automation and intelligentization degrees and the like, and the traditional mining process is in urgent need of improvement.
The continuous mining is realized by cutting and breaking the rock by the cantilever type development machine in the coal mine, and the continuous mining method has the advantages of no blasting vibration, small vibration to surrounding rock, reduction of overbreak and underexcavation, lining material saving and the like. In recent years, the hardness of ore cutting rocks of the development machine is greatly improved compared with the hardness of the ore cutting rocks in the past, and the development machine has conditions for non-coal mining. However, for non-coal mining, especially for irregular occurrence and rock characteristics of high-grade, gently-inclined to steeply-inclined thin ore bodies, the existing process cannot realize non-explosive continuous mining by using a remote intelligent heading machine. How to combine the cutting and ore falling of the development machine with the mining and cutting engineering, the stoping sequence, the stope ore removal, the stope ventilation, the stope support and filling and the like ensures that the high-grade ore is recovered to the maximum degree, and becomes the key for restricting the safe, high-efficiency, intelligent and continuous mining of the development machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine, which can realize non-explosive continuous mining.
The thin ore body mining method comprises the following steps:
1. a thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. a plurality of subsections are arranged in the vertical upper middle section, a plurality of layers are arranged in the subsections, and stope access is arranged on each layer along the trend of the ore body;
B. the stope approach section adopts a similar rectangle, stoping is carried out from bottom to top in a layering way, goafs are filled layer by layer, and a working space for continuous upward mining is reserved, wherein the similar rectangle is formed by two pairs of edges in the height direction, the upper part of one edge is an arc line, and the lower part of the other edge is an arc line and is used for lossless mining;
C. an extra-vein mining quasi slope way, an extra-vein segmented connecting way, an extra-vein segmented gallery, an extra-vein stope connecting way, a draw shaft connecting way and an ore draw shaft are arranged, the extra-vein mining quasi slope way is communicated with the extra-vein segmented connecting way, the extra-vein segmented connecting way is communicated with the extra-vein segmented gallery, the extra-vein segmented gallery is communicated with the extra-vein stope connecting way, and the extra-vein stope connecting way is communicated with an intra-vein stope approach; the sectional gallery is communicated with a drop shaft connecting passage which is communicated with an ore drop shaft.
D. The method adopts one or more modes of anchor rods, double ribs, guniting, net hanging and long anchor cables to support the ore rocks.
In order to be beneficial to the recovery of the lower middle section, a reinforced concrete false bottom is made during the first-layer mining of the middle section.
And during stoping, a long-pressure short-air-draft curtain type dust removal system is adopted for high-efficiency ventilation dust removal.
Further, in the step A: the height of the middle section is 50m, 4 subsections are divided in the middle section, the heights of the subsections range from 12m to 15m, and each subsection serves 4-5 layers. The length of the stope access road is 40-60 m, and the width is the horizontal thickness of the ore body. The layered cutting height is 4.5-5 m, the layered filling height is 3-4 m, and the layered reserved space top height is 1-1.5 m.
Furthermore, a filling return air shaft communicated with the upper middle section drift and a direct path water filtering shaft are arranged in the middle of the stope. And carrying out non-explosive continuous mechanical cutting ore breaking on a stope access by adopting a remote intelligent cantilever type development machine, and carrying out ore removal by matching a trackless ore truck.
For unstable sections of ore rocks, adopting guniting, an anchor rod and double ribs for protecting the roof; and when the top plate and the upper plate fall off seriously, a combined supporting mode of guniting and long anchor cables is adopted.
Compared with the existing mining process, the invention has the advantages that the plurality of subsections are vertically arranged, the plurality of layers are arranged in the subsections, the stope access is arranged along the trend of the ore body on each layer, the reasonable mining area division is favorable for the full sets of trackless mining and shipping equipment such as a heading machine and the like to exert the characteristic of flexibility, and the production efficiency is improved. Aiming at the irregular shape of the ore body, the provided quasi-rectangular section utilizes two opposite sides in the height direction, wherein the upper part of one side is an arc line, and the lower part of the other side is the arc line, so that the stope access is beneficial to the development machine to fully cut the ore body, the development machine can cut at any position in the space of the access section, no artificial loss exists, and high-grade ore is recovered to the maximum extent; and (3) layering and stoping from bottom to top, reserving the space above the stope approach path as a working space and not filling the stope approach path, providing a plurality of free surfaces for next cutting, and forming a through air flow as an air return roadway in the space, thereby being beneficial to discharging dirty air and avoiding single-head ventilation during the operation of the development machine. The mining method has strong adaptability to ore bodies, can effectively carry out stoping on thin ore bodies with complex forms, large change of production states and poor stability, does not leave point columns and pillars in a stope, has lower loss rate and dilution rate, and realizes mechanized, intelligent, greenized, safe, efficient and non-explosive continuous mining of high-grade, gently inclined to steeply inclined and soft-breaking thin ore bodies.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of the thin ore body mining method based on the remote intelligent heading machine along the trend of the ore body.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the direction III-III in FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Icon: 1-a middle section vein-following transportation lane; 2-drift through; 3, mining a slope; 4-segmented contact road; 5, subsection roadway entry; 6-stope connecting road; 7, filling a return air shaft; 8-draw shaft connecting passage; 9-ore pass; 10, a water filtering well; 11-stope approach;
12-reinforcing mesh; 13-high strength filler; 14-low strength or non-cementitious filling; 15-a surface layer of glue; 16-cantilever type heading machine.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the thin ore body mining method based on the remote intelligent heading machine provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for mining thin ore bodies with thickness of 2-6 m, which are inclined slowly to steep, unstable and high in quality, and provides a new idea for mechanical mining.
The embodiment of the invention provides a thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine, which comprises the following steps: the height of the middle section is 50m, 4 subsections are divided in the vertical upper middle section, the height of the subsections is 12-15 m, each subsection serves 4-5 layers, and a stope access 11 is arranged on each layer along the trend of the ore body. Between adjacent ore blocks, no intermediate pillar is left, 6m bottom pillars are reserved for the ore blocks, no top pillar is left, and a reinforced concrete false bottom is made during the first-layer mining of the middle section, so that the lower middle section mining is facilitated. During stoping, according to the stable condition of ore rocks, certain low-grade ore or included stones are flexibly reserved in a stope and used as ore pillar supporting roof plates and surrounding rocks of an upper and a lower tray.
The stope access 11 section adopts the similar rectangle, the similar rectangle means at two opposite sides of direction of height, and one side upper portion is the pitch arc, and the another side lower part is the pitch arc, is used for the non-loss exploitation. The length of the stope access road 11 is 40-60 m, and the width is the horizontal thickness of an ore body, generally 2-6 m. And (4) performing layered stoping from bottom to top, filling the goaf layer by layer, and reserving a working space for continuous upward mining. The stope operation cycle is 'mining and filling', namely, a layer is mined, and filling is carried out immediately after all ores cut by the layer are conveyed out of the stope.
The cutting section of the heading machine of the stope approach 11 of the first layer is similar to rectangular abcdef, and the cutting height of the first layer is 4.5-5 m; the section of the first-layer filling access path is similar to a rectangle abjef, and the first-layer filling height is 3-4 m; the cross section of the first layer reserved space is a quasi-rectangular cdej, and the height of the first layer reserved space is 1-1.5 m. Cutting sections of other layered stope access 11 heading machines are similar rectangles ghijkl, and cutting heights of other layers are 4.5-5 m; the cross sections of other layered filling access roads are parallelogram jknm, and the height of other layered filling access roads is 3-4 m; the cross sections of other layered reserved spaces are similar to rectangles hijm, and the heights h of other layered reserved spaces are 1-1.5 m. The reserved space provides more free surfaces for next cutting and is favorable for ventilation. The layered cutting height is related to the height of a revolving platform of the heading machine and the length of a cutting arm. In order to give full play to the high efficiency of the development machine, the layered cutting height and the one-time excavation amount can be properly improved, and the artificial loss of a small part of ores is considered.
The side ab of the arc line in the first-layer stope access 11 of the similar rectangle abcdef is respectively connected with the side af of the bottom plate straight line and the side bc of the upper disc, and the side de of the arc line in the first-layer stope access 11 of the similar rectangle abcdef is respectively connected with the side cd of the top plate straight line and the side bc of the lower disc; the arc line side ij of the similar rectangle ghijkl in the other layered stope access 11 is respectively connected with the top plate straight line side hi and the lower wall boundary jk, and the arc line side kl of the similar rectangle ghijkl in the other layered stope access 11 is respectively connected with the bottom plate straight line side gl and the lower wall boundary jk.
The mining preparation slope way 3 and the subsection roadway 5 are arranged outside the ore body footwall vein, the subsection roadway 5 is communicated with the mining preparation slope way 3 and the subsection connecting way 4, and the slope of the mining preparation slope way 3 and the subsection connecting way 4 is less than 20%. And (3) tunneling a stope connecting road 6 from the subsection roadway 5 to the ore body, wherein the gradient of the stope connecting road 6 is less than 12%, the stope connecting road 6 is pressed to realize layer transfer, the stope is transferred to the stope of a new layered approach, and the stope approach 11 is tunneled from the stope connecting road 6 to the boundary of the ore block along the trend of the ore body. The filling return air shaft 7 is arranged in the middle of the stope and is communicated with the upper middle-section drift 2; and arranging ore pass chutes 9 outside the ore body footwall every 100-150 m, and communicating the ore pass chutes with the subsection roadway 5 through pass chute communication passages 8 to form a passage for outward transportation of ores in a stope. And (4) excavating a pull-bottom roadway on the upper part of the bottom pillar along the trend of the ore body, and then expanding the side to the boundary of the stope to be used as a free surface for initial stoping of the stope. As the recovery progresses, an in-line drainage well 10 is constructed in the middle of the stope.
Non-explosive continuous mechanical cutting ore falling is carried out on a stope access 11 by using a remote intelligent cantilever type tunneling machine, ore is removed by matching a trackless ore truck, and the ore is conveyed to an ore draw shaft 9 by the truck along the stope access 11, a stope connecting road 6, a subsection roadway 5 and a draw shaft connecting road 8 in sequence.
The development machine remote intelligent control technology takes an onboard inertial navigation system as a platform, builds a big data algorithm model, mainly comprises technologies such as beyond visual range control, cutting track on-line monitoring, one-key automatic cutting, development machine attitude inertial automatic measurement system, self-learning self-adaption and the like, improves the application level of development machine intelligent control, builds a new mode of intelligent production, and realizes less humanization and no humanization of a working face.
When the heading machine works, a long-pressure short-air-draft curtain type dust removal system is adopted, dirty air such as dust and the like generated when the heading machine cuts ore rocks is discharged into an upper space reserved in a lower-layer approach, and then returned into an upper middle-section return airway through a filling return air shaft 7, so that the ventilation direction is the same as the advancing direction of the heading machine, and an air cylinder pressed in is disconnected at a position 25-30 m away from a heading section (head-on), thereby being beneficial to ensuring the working face environment and the heading continuity and realizing efficient ventilation and dust removal.
According to the stability of the ore rock, one or more modes of an anchor rod, a double rib, guniting, a net hanging and a long anchor cable are adopted for timely supporting. For unstable sections of ore rocks, adopting guniting, an anchor rod and double ribs for protecting the roof; and when the top plate and the upper plate fall off seriously, a combined supporting mode of guniting and long anchor cables is adopted.
After the layered ore falling of the stope is finished and ore removal is finished, filling pipes and water filtering wells are erected according to design requirements, and isolation walls are built. The main filling pipeline goes down to the stope from the filling return air shaft 7, and a PVC plastic pipe is used as a filling pipe.
Erecting a water filtering well: the steel mould is welded by steel moulds, the thickness of the steel mould is 10mm, the diameter is 1.5m, the height of each section is about 1.0m, the upper steel mould and the lower steel mould are required to be matched, the welding is tight, and four layers of linen are tied around the steel mould to prevent sand leakage.
Constructing an artificial false bottom: after the first-layer stope access 11 of the quasi-rectangular abcdef is cut, cleaning up the ores, caving waste rocks and other sundries remained on the stope bottom plate, and preparing to construct an artificial false bottom. The bottom rib net is composed of a phi 18mm screw-thread steel main rib (horizontal rib) and a phi 12mm auxiliary rib (vertical rib), the main rib is arranged at the lower part, the auxiliary rib is arranged at the upper part, the intersection of the main rib and the auxiliary rib is firmly bound by iron wires, and the net thickness is 40cm multiplied by 40 cm. The bottom rib net is fixedly connected with the upper and lower disc surrounding rocks by adopting anchor cables or anchor rods, and the distance between the bottom rib net and the bottom plate of the stope is 0.3 m.
Filling in a stope: filling the two bottommost layers by using a high-strength cemented filling body, wherein the 28d strength of the filling body is required to be more than 5 MPa; the lower parts of other layers are filled with low-strength cemented filling bodies or non-cemented filling bodies, and the upper 0.5m pouring surface layer is filled with filling bodies with higher strength (strength >3MPa) to be used as an operation platform during the next layer stoping.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A thin ore body mining method based on a remote intelligent heading machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. a plurality of subsections are arranged in the vertical upper middle section, a plurality of layers are arranged in the subsections, and a stope access (11) is arranged on each layer along the trend of the ore body;
B. the cut section of the stope access (11) adopts a quasi-rectangle, stoping is carried out from bottom to top in a layered mode, goafs are filled layer by layer, and a working space for continuous upward mining is reserved, wherein the quasi-rectangle refers to that the upper portion of one side of the cut section is connected with the top side through an arc line facing the top side, and the lower portion of the other side of the cut section is connected with the bottom side through an arc line facing the bottom side, so that lossless mining is achieved;
C. the method comprises the following steps that an extra-vein mining quasi slope way (3), an extra-vein segmentation connecting way (4), an extra-vein segmentation gallery (5), an extra-vein stope connecting way (6), a draw shaft connecting way (8) and an ore draw shaft (9) are arranged, the extra-vein mining quasi slope way (3) is communicated with the extra-vein segmentation connecting way (4), the extra-vein segmentation connecting way (4) is communicated with the extra-vein segmentation gallery (5), the extra-vein segmentation gallery (5) is communicated with the extra-vein stope connecting way (6), and the extra-vein stope connecting way (6) is communicated with an intra-vein stope approach (11); the subsection gallery (5) is communicated with a drop shaft connecting passage (8), and the drop shaft connecting passage (8) is communicated with an ore drop shaft (9);
D. and (3) supporting the ore rock by adopting at least one mode of an anchor rod, a double-rib strip, guniting, a hanging net and a long anchor cable.
2. The mining method of thin ore body based on remote intelligent heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a reinforced concrete false bottom is made during the first layer mining of the middle section for the lower middle section stoping.
3. The mining method of the thin ore body based on the remote intelligent heading machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that during stoping, a long-pressure short-air-draft curtain type dust removal system is adopted for high-efficiency ventilation dust removal.
4. A mining method for thin ore body based on remote intelligent heading machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the step a: the middle section height is 50m, divides 4 subsections in the middle section, and the subsection height is 12~15m, and every subsection services 4~5 layering.
5. The mining method of thin ore body based on remote intelligent heading machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stope access (11) is 40-60 m long and wide as the horizontal thickness of ore body.
6. The mining method of thin ore body based on remote intelligent heading machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the height of layered cut is 4.5-5 m, the height of layered filling is 3-4 m, and the height of layered reserved space is 1-1.5 m.
7. The thin ore body mining method based on the remote intelligent heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a filling return air shaft (7) communicated with the upper middle-section drift (2) is arranged in the middle of a stope and a down-the-road drainage shaft (10) is constructed.
8. The thin ore body mining method based on the remote intelligent heading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the remote intelligent boom-type heading machine is adopted to carry out non-explosive continuous mechanical cutting ore breaking on a stope access (11), and a trackless ore truck is matched for ore removal.
9. The mining method of the thin ore body based on the remote intelligent heading machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for unstable sections of ore rocks, guniting + anchor rod + double-rib top protection is adopted; and when the top plate and the upper plate fall off seriously, a combined supporting mode of guniting and long anchor cables is adopted.
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| CN115680662B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-03-21 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mechanical mining structure and mining method for thin to medium-thick ore body |
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| WO2011079538A1 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | 河北邯邢矿冶设计院有限公司 | Method for stope-and-fill mining in sections |
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