CN113791012A - Model test method for measuring ship stroke - Google Patents
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model test method for measuring ship stroke, belongs to the technical field of ship model tests, and is suitable for ship model stroke measurement tests. The testing device required by the testing method comprises a course control system, a navigational speed control system, a distance testing system, a wireless transmission system and an upper computer. The test method can obtain the braking distance of the propeller in the process of automatically stopping the propeller to zero (relative to water flow) in the processes of forward driving and reversing the ship model in still water and complex environments (wind, wave and flow), and is mainly used for measuring the ship stroke model test in ship and ocean engineering tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring ship model stroke, and belongs to the technical field of ship model tests.
Background
The ship stroke refers to a distance over which the ship continues to move under the inertia of the original speed during a period from the start of stopping or backing up of the ship until the ship is completely stopped (i.e., the ship is in a stationary state with respect to the water flow) when the ship is parked, and is referred to as a ship stroke.
The distance that the ship advances after finishing the inertial motion is one of important indexes for measuring the variable speed motion characteristics of the ship. The braking distance is the basis for selecting the ship speed in the process of ship berthing. The speed of the ship is too high and may not be easy to stop, and the speed of the ship is too low and may not be easy to dock due to large deviation caused by the influence of wind and wave flow. Therefore, it is very important to select the proper docking or harboring speed according to the stopping distance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for measuring a ship stroke model, which provides an important technical support for ship design.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a model test method for measuring ship stroke, which adopts a test apparatus comprising a navigational speed control system, a course control system, a displacement test system, a wireless transmission system and an upper computer, and is characterized in that:
setting a navigational speed control system and a course control system on the ship model, wherein the navigational speed control system and the course control system respectively control the navigational speed and the course of the ship model;
the wireless transmission system and the displacement test system are arranged on the ship model and the shore;
the upper computer is arranged on the shore and sends control instructions to the navigational speed control system and the course control system respectively through the wireless transmission system
Setting wireless transmission systems on the shore and the ship model;
the ship model runs to the initial braking position under the control of the speed control system and the course control system under the designated speed and course, the speed control system is closed to start braking when the bow of the ship model moves to the initial braking position, and the braking distance is collected by the displacement test system in the braking process.
Preferably, the displacement test system collects the braking distance of the ship model, namely the ship model stroke;
and then converting the ship model stroke into the stroke of the real ship under the corresponding environment according to a similar criterion.
Preferably, the displacement testing system comprises a high-speed camera and a shelter fixed on the shore, and an ultrasonic sensor and a reflecting label which are installed on the ship model, wherein the shelter is located at the braking initial position, and the ultrasonic sensor is located at the bow part of the ship model;
when the bow part of the ship model moves to the initial braking position, the ultrasonic signal sent by the ultrasonic sensor is absorbed by a shielding object, and then the navigation speed control system is triggered to close the navigation speed control system, and the braking starts;
in the braking process, a high-speed camera collects continuous images containing the reflective label, so that the motion track of the reflective label is obtained, and the braking distance from the braking to the ship speed being zero of the ship model is obtained based on the analysis of the motion track of the reflective label.
Preferably, the ultrasonic sensor is located at any position of the ship model.
Preferably, the reflective label comprises an integrally formed model frame, wherein N reflective balls are fixed on the model frame, N is more than or equal to 2, and the N reflective balls are not in the same plane; the displacement testing system respectively obtains the motion tracks of the N light-reflecting balls, and obtains the braking distance from the braking start to the ship speed being zero based on the analysis of the N motion tracks.
Preferably, the reflective ball is connected with the model frame through a bolt.
Preferably, the wireless transmission system comprises a first wireless transmission node arranged on the shore, a second wireless transmission node and a third wireless transmission node arranged on the ship model, wherein the first wireless transmission node is connected with the upper computer, the second wireless transmission node is connected with the speed control system, and the third wireless transmission node is connected with the course control system.
Preferably, the navigational speed control system comprises a PLC controller I, a motor, a propeller shaft and a propeller; the PLC receives an instruction sent by the upper computer through the wireless transmission node II, drives the motor to convert a digital signal into a rotating speed signal, the driving motor changes the rotating speed of the motor according to a controller command given by the PLC, the rotating speed of the propeller is changed through propeller shaft conduction, and the speed of the ship model is controlled through the rotating speed change of the propeller.
Preferably, the course control system comprises a course gyroscope, a PLC (programmable logic controller) II, a steering engine, a rudder stock and a rudder; the course gyro is fixed on the bow of the ship model, and the upper computer sends an instruction to the course gyro through the wireless transmission node III so as to determine a zero position; the second PLC receives feedback of the heading gyroscope 15, drives a steering engine to convert the digital signal into an angle signal, and transmits the angle signal to the rudder through a rudder stock; after the upper computer sets an initial heading, the PLC drives the steering engine to adjust a rudder angle according to the feedback information of the heading gyroscope, so that the ship model keeps the original heading.
Preferably, a steering gear structure is arranged between the steering engine and the rudder stock, the change of the transmission direction is realized through the steering gear structure, and the convenience in installation is ensured.
On the premise of meeting the similarity principle, the invention provides the test method, which can measure the ship model stroke under different environments and at different navigational speeds with high efficiency and high precision, provides a basis for the design of a real ship, and saves the economic cost brought by the real ship test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a system for controlling speed and heading of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a brake displacement test chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a reflective icon of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-ship model, 2-upper computer, 3-wireless transmission node shore end, 4-wireless transmission node model end, 5-navigational speed control system PLC, 6-motor, 7-propeller shaft, 8-propeller, 9-wireless transmission node model end, 10-course control system PLC, 11-steering engine, 12-steering gear, 13-rudder stock, 14-rudder, 15-course gyro, 16-dock cabin, 17-high speed camera, 18-shielding object, 19-ultrasonic sensor, 20-reflective label, 21-reflective ball, 22-model frame and 23-bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention will be explained in detail below by taking model boat docking brake as an example and combining with the attached drawings.
The invention provides a model test method for measuring ship stroke, which adopts a test device consisting of a navigational speed control system, a course control system, a displacement test system, a wireless transmission system and an upper computer 2, and comprises the following specific test steps:
step 1, setting a navigational speed control system and a course control system on a ship model.
Wireless transmission system arranged on shore and ship model
An upper computer 2 is arranged on the shore, and the upper computer 2 controls a navigation speed control system and a course control system through a wireless transmission system. Meanwhile, a displacement test system is arranged on the shore for collecting the braking distance.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, taking the ship model entering the dock (not limited to the dock) as an example, in the present embodiment, the wireless transmission system includes a wireless transmission node 3 installed on the shore and wireless transmission nodes 4 and 9 fixed on the ship model 1. The upper computer 2 sends instructions to control a navigation speed control system and a course control system through the wireless transmission nodes 3, 4 and 9 respectively.
The navigational speed control system consists of a PLC (programmable logic controller) 5, a motor 6, a propeller shaft 7 and a propeller 8. The PLC controller 5 receives an instruction sent by the upper computer 2 through the wireless transmission node 4 to drive the motor 6 to convert a digital signal into a rotating speed signal, the driving motor 6 changes the rotating speed of the motor according to a controller instruction given by the PLC controller 5, the rotating speed of the propeller 8 is changed through conduction of the propeller shaft 7, and the speed of the ship model 1 is controlled through the rotating speed change of the propeller 8.
The course control system consists of a course gyro 15, a PLC (programmable logic controller) 10, a steering engine 11, a steering gear 12, a rudder stock 13 and a rudder 14. The heading gyro 15 is fixed on the bow of the ship model 1, and the upper computer 2 sends instructions to the heading gyro 15 through the wireless transmission nodes 3 and 9 to determine the zero position. The PLC 10 receives the feedback of the heading gyroscope 15, drives the steering engine 11 to convert the digital signal into an angle signal, and transmits the angle signal to the rudder 14 through the rudder stock 13. After the upper computer 2 sets an initial heading, the PLC 10 drives the steering engine 11 to adjust the rudder angle according to the feedback information of the heading gyroscope 15, so that the ship model 1 keeps the original heading. Thus, automatic control of the rudder 14 is achieved based on real-time feedback from the heading gyro 15. The change of direction of transfer is realized to this embodiment increase steering gear 12 structure between steering wheel 11 and rudderstock 13, guarantees that the installation is convenient.
The displacement testing system is configured as shown in FIG. 3 and includes a high speed camera 17, the high speed camera 17 being secured to a wall of the dock 16. The shutter 18 is mounted at the braking initial position. The ultrasonic sensor 19 is arranged at the bow part of the ship model 1, and the test range of the ultrasonic sensor 19 is 50-500 mm. The reflective label 20 may be installed at any position of the ship model 1.
As shown in fig. 4, for the convenience of installation, the reflective label 20 is processed into a unitary model, which is defined as a model frame 22, and 4 reflective balls 21 are fixed on the model frame 22. The reflecting ball 21 is connected with the model frame 22 by a bolt 23, and the reflecting ball 21 is ensured not to be in the same plane, so as to ensure the correctness of braking displacement.
And 2, starting a pool wave-making system (if wave environment simulation requirements exist).
And 3, setting the navigational speed of the ship model 1 to a set navigational speed through the upper computer 2, and starting a navigational speed control system and a course control system to enable the ship model 1 to operate at the set navigational speed and the course.
And 4, starting a displacement testing system.
When the bow of the ship model 1 enters the initial braking position, the ultrasonic sensor 19 is within the measuring range, a signal is generated, the speed control system is triggered to close the propeller 8, and the braking is started. At this time, the high-speed camera 17 collects the signal of the reflective label 20 to obtain the motion track of the reflective label 20, and then the collection software analyzes and displays the braking distance from the braking start to the zero ship speed of the ship model 1, and records the braking distance, namely the ship model stroke. And then converting the recorded braking distance into the stroke of the real ship under the corresponding environment according to a similar criterion.
The test method provided by the invention can obtain the braking distance of the propeller in the process of automatically stopping the propeller to zero (relative to water flow) in the forward and reverse processes of the ship model in still water and complex environments (wind, wave and flow), and is mainly used for measuring the ship stroke model test in ship and ocean engineering tests.
Claims (10)
1. A model test method for measuring ship stroke adopts a test device which comprises a navigational speed control system, a course control system, a displacement test system, a wireless transmission system and an upper computer, and is characterized in that:
setting a navigational speed control system and a course control system on the ship model, wherein the navigational speed control system and the course control system respectively control the navigational speed and the course of the ship model;
the wireless transmission system and the displacement test system are arranged on the ship model and the shore;
the upper computer is arranged on the shore and sends control instructions to the navigational speed control system and the course control system respectively through the wireless transmission system
Setting wireless transmission systems on the shore and the ship model;
the ship model runs to the initial braking position under the control of the speed control system and the course control system under the designated speed and course, the speed control system is closed to start braking when the bow of the ship model moves to the initial braking position, and the braking distance is collected by the displacement test system in the braking process.
2. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 1, wherein the displacement test system collects the braking distance of the ship model, i.e. the ship model stroke;
and then converting the ship model stroke into the stroke of the real ship under the corresponding environment according to a similar criterion.
3. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 1, wherein the displacement test system comprises a high-speed camera fixed on the shore and a shelter, and an ultrasonic sensor and a reflecting label mounted on the ship model, wherein the shelter is located at the braking initial position, and the ultrasonic sensor is located at the bow of the ship model;
when the bow part of the ship model moves to the initial braking position, the ultrasonic signal sent by the ultrasonic sensor is absorbed by a shielding object, and then the navigation speed control system is triggered to close the navigation speed control system, and the braking starts;
in the braking process, a high-speed camera collects continuous images containing the reflective label, so that the motion track of the reflective label is obtained, and the braking distance from the braking to the ship speed being zero of the ship model is obtained based on the analysis of the motion track of the reflective label.
4. A model test method for measuring the stroke of a vessel according to claim 3 wherein said ultrasonic sensor is located at any position of said model.
5. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 3, wherein the reflective label comprises an integrally formed model frame, N reflective balls are fixed on the model frame, N is not less than 2, and the N reflective balls are not in the same plane; the displacement testing system respectively obtains the motion tracks of the N light-reflecting balls, and obtains the braking distance from the braking start to the ship speed being zero based on the analysis of the N motion tracks.
6. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 5, wherein the light reflecting ball is connected with the model frame by a bolt.
7. The model test method for measuring ship stroke as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless transmission system comprises a first wireless transmission node arranged on the shore, a second wireless transmission node and a third wireless transmission node arranged on the ship model, wherein the first wireless transmission node is connected with the upper computer, the second wireless transmission node is connected with the navigational speed control system, and the third wireless transmission node is connected with the course control system.
8. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 7, wherein the cruise control system comprises a first PLC (programmable logic controller), a motor, a propeller shaft and a propeller; the PLC receives an instruction sent by the upper computer through the wireless transmission node II, drives the motor to convert a digital signal into a rotating speed signal, the driving motor changes the rotating speed of the motor according to a controller command given by the PLC, the rotating speed of the propeller is changed through propeller shaft conduction, and the speed of the ship model is controlled through the rotating speed change of the propeller.
9. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 7, wherein the course control system comprises a course gyro, a PLC (programmable logic controller) II, a steering engine, a rudder stock and a rudder; the course gyro is fixed on the bow of the ship model, and the upper computer sends an instruction to the course gyro through the wireless transmission node III so as to determine a zero position; the second PLC receives feedback of the heading gyroscope 15, drives a steering engine to convert the digital signal into an angle signal, and transmits the angle signal to the rudder through a rudder stock; after the upper computer sets an initial heading, the PLC drives the steering engine to adjust a rudder angle according to the feedback information of the heading gyroscope, so that the ship model keeps the original heading.
10. The model test method for measuring ship stroke according to claim 9, wherein a steering gear structure is provided between the steering engine and the rudder stock, and the change of the transmission direction is realized through the steering gear structure, and the convenience of installation is ensured.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114664126A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Art design multimedia teaching instrument based on computer network and operation method thereof |
| US20240126261A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System for correcting effect of tidal current and wind on boat |
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| CN114664126A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Art design multimedia teaching instrument based on computer network and operation method thereof |
| US20240126261A1 (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | System for correcting effect of tidal current and wind on boat |
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