CN113788793B - Sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0277—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
- B01J31/0278—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. Mainly solves the technical problem of preparing sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid in the prior art. The imidazole and the alkyl sulfonic acid are heated at 35-300 ℃ by a two-step synthesis method; and adding acid into the previous step, fully reacting at 30-330 ℃, and purifying to obtain a target product. The sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid comprises imidazole, alkyl sulfonic acid and acid radical ions. The ionic liquid catalyst designed by the invention is applied to the esterification reaction of acid or anhydride and alcohol, has higher catalytic activity, high stability, high reaction rate and less byproducts, and is beneficial to industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid catalysts, and particularly relates to a sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Esters are important organic compounds, which are commonly used as organic solvents and as starting materials for organic synthesis. The traditional synthesis method generally adopts acid and alcohol as raw materials, concentrated sulfuric acid or titanium substances as catalysts, and the raw materials are heated for a long time and directly esterified and synthesized. Concentrated sulfuric acid used as a catalyst is low in price, and meanwhile, the concentrated sulfuric acid has esterification, dehydration and oxidation effects, so that a series of side reactions occur, a reaction product contains a small amount of ether, sulfate and hydroxyl compounds, and the product refining and raw material recycling are difficult, so that the industrial application of the concentrated sulfuric acid is limited. The titanium catalyst generates few byproducts in the catalytic esterification process but has overhigh energy consumption, thereby having certain difficulty for industrial production. Therefore, it is important to develop an environmentally friendly esterification catalyst which is stable and has high catalytic activity and low price. At present, ionic liquid with acidity is widely researched by scientists as an esterification catalyst.
The ionic liquid is low-temperature molten salt composed of anions and cations, and corresponding anions and cations can be selected according to the target orSince cations having specific functional groups are designed, ionic liquids are widely used. The ionic liquid has wide liquid temperature range, better thermal stability and chemical stability (the operating temperature range can reach minus 40 ℃ to 300 ℃), low vapor pressure, difficult volatilization, good stability and better solubility for inorganic matters and organic matters, and can be used as an environment-friendly solvent and a catalyst, thereby becoming a research hotspot for catalyzing acid-alcohol esterification reaction. The organic acid containing sulfonic group has strong acidity, and can replace concentrated sulfuric acid to serve as the acid
Acid catalyst and is less corrosive than concentrated sulfuric acid. Therefore, the sulfonic acid group is introduced into the ionic liquid to synthesize sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid is an important way for increasing the acidity of the ionic liquid, and the sulfonic acid group introduced ionic liquid has high stability, good catalytic activity and high reuse rate.
In the current research on sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquids, gu Yanlong, etc. (specification of ionic acids with organic in a reacted by a Bronsted acidic ionic liquids. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: chemical 212 (2004) 71-75) synthesize acidic ionic liquids with sulfonic acid groups introduced on imidazole rings, and it is proposed that the chain length of alkyl group connected on another N of ionic liquid cation has a great influence on the conversion rate and selectivity of the Esterification reaction of fatty acid and olefin. Cole et al (Novel Bronsted acidic liquids and the use of dual solvent-catalysts.J.Am.chem.Soc.2002, 124, 5962-5963) report for the first time the synthesis of functionalized ionic liquids with sulfonic acid groups on imidazole or Ji Lin cations, and the Bronsted acidic ionic liquids can be applied to acid catalysis reactions such as esterification and pinacol rearrangement. In patent CN101456844, it is reported that a sulfonic acid type imidazole ionic liquid containing N- (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl) alkane sulfonic acid imidazole ionic liquid is synthesized at 60-90 ℃, and is used in esterification reaction of polybasic acid and alcohol, and the result shows that the yield of the esterification reaction is close to 100%, and the activity of the catalyst is remarkably improved compared with that of the traditional catalyst. In patent CN 10779336, it is reported that [ MIMPS ] is synthesized at 70-80 deg.C] + [CH 3 SO 3 ]Sulfonic acid type imidazole ionic liquids exhibit high stability and catalytic activity in the synthesis reaction of xanthone. Therefore, the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid has good catalytic performance and can be widely applied. Sulfonic acid with a longer alkyl side chain is introduced into the method and applied to esterification reaction, and the higher catalytic activity of sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid is shown.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst in order to solve the technical problem of sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid which cannot be provided by the prior art.
The sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst comprises imidazole, alkyl sulfonic acid and acid radical ions, and the structure of the catalyst is shown as the formula (I),
in the formula, m is 2-10, and imidazole is N-methylimidazole; x - Is an acid radical ion;
the imidazole accounts for 30 to 60 percent of the total weight in percentage by weight; the alkyl sulfonic acid accounts for 35 to 60 percent of the total weight; the acid radical ion accounts for 1 to 25 percent of the total weight.
The pH value of the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid in the scheme is 1.0-3.0; the conductivity is between 0.23 and 1.48S/m; the viscosity is 350 to 750 mPas.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid, which can be used for producing sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, and overcomes the problems of complicated synthesis of ionic liquid and single kind of ionic liquid in the prior art.
According to the preparation method of the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid is prepared through the following steps:
s1: preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving imidazole and alkyl sulfonic acid in a solvent A according to the molar ratio of 1 to (1.0-3.0), gradually heating to 35-300 ℃, and stirring for 1-48 h, wherein the ionic liquid precursor is the cation of the ionic liquid;
s2: treating an ionic liquid precursor: washing the ionic liquid cation obtained in the step S1 with a solvent A at normal temperature, and drying at 60-120 ℃ for 1-24 h;
s3: mixing the ionic liquid precursor treated in the step S2 with acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1.0-3.5, stirring at 30-330 ℃ for 2-48 h, and evaporating at 50-150 ℃ for 1-3 h to obtain the sulfonated ionic liquid.
In the scheme, the solvent A is at least one of toluene, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The imidazole is at least one of N-methylimidazole, alkyl sulfonic acid butane sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid pentane, sulfonic acid hexane, sulfonic acid heptane, sulfonic acid octane, sulfonic acid nonane, sulfonic acid decane, sulfonic acid undecane and sulfonic acid dodecane. The acid is at least one of hydrochloric acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, sulfurous acid, and sulfuric acid.
The preferable range of the material ratio is as follows: the molar ratio of the N-methylimidazole to the alkyl sulfonic acid is 1: 1.02-1.9, and the molar ratio of the ionic liquid precursor to the acid is 1: 1.02-1.8.
The temperature for synthesizing the ionic liquid precursor in the step S1 is 40-200 ℃, the stirring time is 2-10 h, the temperature for reacting the ionic liquid precursor with the acid in the step S3 is 40-230 ℃, and the stirring time is 2-12 h.
In order to overcome the defects of more byproducts, difficult synthesis, difficult separation and the like of the traditional catalyst in the esterification reaction, the invention provides the application of the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst in the esterification reaction, and the imidazole ionic liquid catalyst in the esterification reaction has the advantages of strong acidity, high stability, high catalytic activity, simple synthesis and the like. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking a substance containing acid anhydride or acid and alcohol as a raw material, wherein the molar ratio of the acid anhydride or the acid to the alcohol is 1: 1.0-15, contacting the acid anhydride or the mixture of the acid and the alcohol with an ionic liquid catalyst, wherein the dosage of the ionic liquid catalyst is 0.00001-45 wt% of the total mass of the acid or the acid anhydride and the alcohol, and the ionic liquid catalyst is contacted and reacted with the ionic liquid catalyst under the reaction conditions of the reaction temperature of 80-240 ℃, the reaction time of 1-10 hours and the reaction pressure of 0.05-5 MPa to generate the substance containing ester.
In the above scheme, the acid or acid anhydride is at least one of phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and acetic acid. The alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol, propylene glycol and isooctyl alcohol. The mol ratio of the acid to the alcohol is preferably 1 to (1.1-8), and the dosage of the ionic liquid is preferably 0.0001-18% of the total mass of the acid and the alcohol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention synthesizes sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst by a two-step method, the catalyst contains 35 to 60 mass percent of alkyl sulfonic acid, and the pH value of the ionic liquid catalyst is between 1.0 and 3.0; the conductivity is between 0.23 and 1.48S/m; the viscosity is 350 to 750 mPas.
(2) The preparation method of the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst provided by the invention can be used for producing the sulfonated imidazole ionic liquid catalyst, and overcomes the problems of complexity and single type of ionic liquid in the prior art for producing the ionic liquid.
(3) The sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst and the preparation method thereof can be used in the generation field of esterification reaction, and improve the conversion rate and selectivity of esterification reaction raw materials and the stability of the catalyst.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
[ example 1 ]
1. Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and hexane sulfonate in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 in ethyl acetate solvent, gradually heating to 150 ℃, stirring for 14h, washing with ethyl acetate after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and drying in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 8h.
2. Preparation of ionic liquids: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1.5, stirring at 100 ℃ for 24h, and evaporating at 120 ℃ for 2h after the reaction is finished to obtain yellow viscous liquid.
The sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 35% of N-methylimidazole, 60% of sulfonic acid hexane and 5% of acetate in percentage by mass; the ionic liquid catalyst has an electric pH of 2.5 and an electric conductivity of 0.23S/m; the viscosity was 355 mPas.
[ example 2 ]
1. Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and pentane sulfonate in a molar ratio of 1: 1.7 in a solvent of toluene, gradually heating to 300 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, washing with toluene after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and drying in vacuum for 24 hours at 60 ℃.
2. Preparation of ionic liquid: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and sulfurous acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1.2, stirring at 30 ℃ for 48h, and evaporating at 80 ℃ for 1h after the reaction is finished to obtain yellow viscous liquid.
The obtained sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 35% of N-methylimidazole, 55% of pentane sulfonate and 10% of sulfite by mass; the ionic liquid catalyst has an electric pH value of 1.9 and an electric conductivity of 0.35S/m; the viscosity was 410 mPas.
[ example 3 ]
1. Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and dodecane sulfonate in a molar ratio of 1:1.5 in solvent diethyl ether, gradually heating to 120 ℃, stirring for 4 hours, washing with diethyl ether after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and drying in vacuum at 150 ℃ for 8 hours.
2. Preparation of ionic liquid: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and benzoic acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1.08, stirring at 330 ℃ for 2h, and evaporating at 80 ℃ for 3h after the reaction is finished to obtain yellow viscous liquid.
The obtained sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 35% of N-methylimidazole, 58% of dodecane sulfonate and 7% of benzoate by mass; the ionic liquid catalyst has an electric pH value of 1.6 and an electric conductivity of 0.44S/m; the viscosity was 450 mPas.
[ example 4 ]
1. Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and butanesulfonic acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1.3 in solvent diethyl ether, gradually heating to 35 ℃, stirring for 8 hours, washing with diethyl ether after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and drying in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 12 hours.
2. Preparation of ionic liquid: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and lactic acid according to the molar ratio of 1: 3.0, stirring at 180 ℃ for 20h, and evaporating at 110 ℃ after the reaction is finished for 1.5h to obtain yellow viscous liquid.
The obtained sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 47 mass percent of N-methylimidazole, 43 mass percent of butane sulfonic acid and 10 mass percent of lactate; the ionic liquid catalyst has an electric pH of 2.3 and an electric conductivity of 0.65S/m; the viscosity was 500 mPas.
[ example 5 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
1. Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and octane sulfonate in a molar ratio of 1: 1.3 in solvent diethyl ether, gradually heating to 155 ℃, stirring for 14 hours, washing with diethyl ether after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and drying in vacuum at 100 ℃ for 18 hours.
2. Preparation of ionic liquid: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and hydrochloric acid according to the molar ratio of 1: 2.0, stirring at 220 ℃ for 12 hours, and evaporating at 50 ℃ for 3 hours after the reaction is finished to obtain yellow viscous liquid.
The obtained sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 41% of N-methylimidazole, 55% of octane sulfonate and 4% of hydrogen hydrochloride by mass fraction; the ionic liquid catalyst had an electronic pH of 2.4 and a conductivity of 0.62; the viscosity was 550 mPas.
[ examples 6 to 18 ]
The sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst described in table 1 can be obtained by operating the sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid according to the preparation conditions of table 1 and the steps in the embodiment.
TABLE 1 preparation conditions for examples 6-18
[ examples 19-113 ] sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalysts were used for the production of esters.
The esterification product was obtained by evaluating the performance of the catalyst under the reaction conditions shown in table 2, using methanol, ethylene glycol, n-butanol, propylene glycol, isooctanol, phthalic anhydride, terephthalic acid, and naphthalenedicarboxylic acid as raw materials, and the sulfonic acid-functionalized imidazole ionic liquid obtained in examples 1 to 19 as the catalyst.
TABLE 2 reaction conditions for examples 19-113
The invention is not the best known technology.
The foregoing description merely represents preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are described in some detail and detail, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of phthalic anhydride alcohol ester is characterized in that an ionic liquid is used as a catalyst, and the preparation method of the ionic liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing an ionic liquid precursor: dissolving N-methylimidazole and butanesulfonic acid in a solvent of ether at a molar ratio of 1: 1.3, gradually heating to 35 ℃, stirring for 8 hours, washing with ether after the reaction is finished to remove unreacted materials, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours;
(2) Preparation of ionic liquid: mixing the washed ionic liquid precursor and lactic acid according to the molar ratio of 1: 3.0, stirring at 180 ℃ for 20h, and evaporating at 110 ℃ for 1.5h after the reaction is finished to obtain yellow viscous liquid; the obtained sulfonic acid functionalized imidazole ionic liquid catalyst contains 47 mass percent of N-methylimidazole, 43 mass percent of butane sulfonic acid and 10 mass percent of lactate; the pH value of the ionic liquid catalyst is 2.3, and the conductivity is 0.65S/m; a viscosity of 500 mPas;
when the preparation method takes phthalic anhydride and glycol as raw materials, the molar ratio of the phthalic anhydride to the glycol is 1:1.5, wherein the ionic liquid accounts for 0.8 percent of the total mass of the reaction product, the reaction temperature is 90 ℃, the reaction pressure is 0.05 MPa, the reaction time is 8 hours, the conversion rate of the phthalic anhydride is 100 percent, and the yield of the obtained product, namely the phthalic anhydride glycol ester, is 99.20 percent;
or when the preparation method takes phthalic anhydride and propylene glycol as raw materials, the molar ratio of the phthalic anhydride to the propylene glycol is 1:12, the ionic liquid accounts for 1.0 percent of the total mass of the reaction product, the conversion rate of phthalic anhydride is 100 percent and the yield of the obtained product, namely the phthalic anhydride glycol ester is 99.71 percent at the reaction temperature of 110 ℃, the reaction pressure of 0.045 MPa and the reaction time of 7 hours.
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