CN113786347A - 一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，包括以下组分：氟化物1‑2份、生物酶剂1‑2份、生物活性玻璃0.2‑0.3份、壳聚糖0.2‑0.3份、甘油100份、摩擦剂10‑15份。本发明所述的牙膏，对人体无毒副作用，且对牙敏感效果良好，而且在预防口腔疾病方面，具有很好的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于牙膏技术领域，具体是涉及到一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
牙膏是和牙刷一起用于清洁牙齿，保护口腔卫生，对人体安全的一种日用必需品。根据牙膏的定义，牙膏应该符合以下各项要求：
（1）能够去除牙齿表面的薄膜和菌斑而不损伤牙釉质和牙本质；
（2）具有良好的清洁口腔及其周围的作用；
（3）无毒性，对口腔粘膜无刺激；
（4）有舒适的香味和口味，使用后有凉爽清新的感觉；
（5）易于使用，挤出时成均匀、光亮、柔软的条状物；
（6）易于从口腔中和牙齿、牙刷上清洗；
（7）具有良好的化学和物理稳定性，仓储期内保证各项指标符合标准要求。
牙膏是复杂的混合物，它通常由摩擦剂（如碳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、焦磷酸钙、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝）、保湿剂（如甘油、山梨醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇和水）、表面活性剂（如十二醇硫酸钠、2-酰氧基键磺酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠）、增稠剂（如羧甲基纤维素、鹿角果胶、羟乙基纤维素、黄原胶、瓜尔胶、角叉胶等）、甜味剂（如甘油、环己胺磺酸钠、糖精钠等）、防腐剂（如山梨酸钾盐和苯甲酸钠）、活性添加物（如叶绿素、氟化物），以及色素、香精等混合而成。特种牙膏它是有特殊性质的牙膏。
含氟牙膏加有活性物氟化钠、氟化亚锡、单氟磷酸钠、氟化锌等，对防止龋齿有效。叶绿素牙膏里加入叶绿素，对阻止牙龈出血、防止口臭有特效。加酶牙膏能分解残留食物，对清洁口腔、防止虫蛀有效果。药物牙膏在牙膏中添加药物，能预防和缓解口腔疾病。市场上出售的黄岑牙膏、牛黄牙膏等，它们对牙龈出血、牙龈红肿、口臭、牙质过敏症等有明显减缓和治疗作用。
目前市场上的功效型牙膏主要有两大类，一类是预防和辅助治疗一些口腔疾病的，如牙周炎、牙龈炎、口腔溃疡、止血止痛、牙敏感等，还有一类是帮助调整和改善口腔状况的，如美白牙齿、去除口腔异味、去牙结石、去渍、去牙菌斑等。上述的牙膏，有的加入了一些中草药的有效成分，如田七、丹皮酚、两面针、肿节枫等，有的加入了一些西药成分如止血环酸或者是加入了一些别的化学成分，如氯化锶、氟化钠等，有的牙膏甚至还加入了一些抗生素，对人体有一定的毒副作用，安全性能存在一定的隐患。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏及其制备方法，对人体无毒副作用，且对牙敏感效果良好。
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现，一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，包括以下组分：氟化物、生物酶剂、生物活性玻璃、壳聚糖多孔微球、甘油、摩擦剂；
磨擦剂是牙膏组成的主要成分之一，用于除去牙齿表面污垢，赋予牙齿本来的光泽，一般要求磨擦剂硬度比牙冠表面釉质硬度低适当程度，以不损伤牙齿质地为原则，一般牙膏用粉状磨擦剂的磨氏硬度为2～3.5，达到既能磨掉滞积在牙齿表面的污垢，又不损伤牙釉面的目的。本发明可选用的磨擦剂有碳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、焦磷酸钙、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅等；
氟化亚锡牙膏与磷酸二钙不相容，与不溶性偏磷酸钙相容。早期的氟化亚锡牙膏因为氟化亚锡的化学反应性与不稳定性，在溶液中易水解和氧化，有染色和金属味道的缺点，有效期短。经过研究改进，新的氟化亚锡牙膏稳定性和生物活性非常好，可以延长其保存时间，具有防牙菌斑、牙龈炎和防龋的作用。氟化亚锡有两种抗菌机制：一是杀菌，由于氟化亚锡非特异性，能与细菌细胞膜发生作用，导致细胞膜破裂，可使细菌溶解死亡；二是通过抑制细菌代谢酶进而影响细菌的糖代谢，减少细菌的繁殖和防止细菌对牙面的粘附，进而减少细菌产生致炎代谢产物；牙膏在刷牙过程中能释放亚锡离子和氟离子、发挥抗菌和中和LPS等作用，从而提供良好的抗牙龈炎功效；本发明牙膏的制备方法，通过先现在加入氟化钠、生物活性玻璃、甘油，构建不容易氧化的体系，再加入壳聚糖、生物酶剂、氯化亚锡，氟化钠和氯化亚锡可以很好的通过生物活性玻璃、壳聚糖进行负载，牙膏在口腔中气泡时，释放出氟离子和锡离子，可生成氟化亚锡，因此负载体系的构建延长了牙膏（消毒）的稳定性。
生物酶剂，口腔中的生物酶是随着唾液分泌的，它具有溶菌、抗炎、修复组织、抑制出血、调节口腔菌群平衡的作用，是人体自然防御***的重要组成部分。但人的口腔中生物酶的含量在大多数情况下分泌不足，如睡眠、休息时，身体虚弱，长期服用药物，精神压力过大等情况下，都会使唾液中的生物酶含量降低，口腔平衡遭到破坏，失去自然防御能力，导致牙病发生。牙膏中加配生物酶后可以在刷牙时使生物酶得到补充，很好地解决上述原因造成生物酶不足而导致的口腔疾病；
生物活性玻璃是通过在生物环境中与体液中发生化学反应，在其界面形成多孔的SiO2凝胶层，随后生物活性玻璃内的Ca2+和体液中的PO43-向SiO2凝胶层扩散、沉积，逐渐发生矿化，进而在其表面形成羟基磷灰石hydroxyapatite，HA覆盖层，实现生物活性玻璃与宿骨之间的化学键性结合，这种键合非常牢固，与正常愈合的骨折界面强度等效。生物活性玻璃是一种能与牙组织发生物理及化学反应的新型高科技生物活性材料，该材料能迅速与水及唾液发生持续的离子交换、提高氧分压和pH值、产生较强负电荷，瞬间在口腔形成由HA（羟基磷酸灰石）组成的多孔网络支架，网架吸附了大量的硅离子、钠离子、锶离子、钙离子和磷离子，易于附着并渗透牙组织，同时与牙骨组织和软组织有良好的生物相容性。
壳聚糖经水溶胀后形成的弹性微粒，是替代牙膏中的白碳黑的优质摩擦材料；壳聚糖的杀菌、消炎作用，是治疗口腔疾病的可利用药物。
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，包括以下组分：氟化物1-2份、生物酶剂1-2份、生物活性玻璃0.2-0.3份、壳聚糖0.2-0.3份、甘油100份、摩擦剂10-15份
其中所述氟化物，以重量份为单位，包括以下原料：氟化钠0.07-0.15份，氯化亚锡0.03-0.05份。
其中，所述生物酶剂为溶菌酶；
其中，所述摩擦剂为碳酸钙；
而且，本发明所述的牙膏，还包括发泡剂0.5-1份；
其中，所述发泡剂为月桂酰基氨酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、以及甜菜碱中的一种或几种；
同样的，本发明也提供了一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将氟化钠和摩擦剂，放入到稀释20倍的水中，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀制成水溶液，与生物活性玻璃、甘油和发泡剂混合；
b、加入壳聚糖、生物酶剂、氯化亚锡，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀、并在0.06-0.1Mpa的真空度下脱气，获得牙膏膏体。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明制备出的牙膏，不仅具有一般牙膏所要求的稳定性，且具有能更佳的防蛀修复和去渍美白效果，而且在预防口腔疾病方面，具有很好的功效。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式，该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制，而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式，并非用于限制本发明。另外，对于本发明中的数值范围，应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明，否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料，但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入，用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时，以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。
以下对本发明做进一步描述：
实施例1
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，包括以下组分：溶菌酶1份、生物活性玻璃0.2份、壳聚糖0.2份、甘油100份、摩擦剂10份、氟化钠0.07份，氯化亚锡0.03份、发泡剂0.5份。
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将氟化钠和摩擦剂，放入到稀释20倍的水中，以500r/min转速搅拌均匀制成水溶液，与生物活性玻璃、甘油和发泡剂混合；
b、加入壳聚糖、溶菌酶、氯化亚锡，以500r/min转速搅拌均匀、并在0.06Mpa的真空度下脱气，获得牙膏膏体。
实施例2
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，包括以下组分：溶菌酶2份、生物活性玻璃0.3份、壳聚糖0.3份、甘油100份、摩擦剂15份、氟化钠0.15份，氯化亚锡0.05份、发泡剂1份。
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将氟化钠和摩擦剂，放入到稀释20倍的水中，以800r/min转速搅拌均匀制成水溶液，与生物活性玻璃、甘油和发泡剂混合；
b、加入壳聚糖、溶菌酶、氯化亚锡，以800r/min转速搅拌均匀、并在0.1Mpa的真空度下脱气，获得牙膏膏体。
实施例3
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，包括以下组分：溶菌酶1.5份、生物活性玻璃0.25份、壳聚糖0.25份、甘油100份、摩擦剂13份、氟化钠0.1份，氯化亚锡0.04份、发泡剂0.7份。
一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
a、将氟化钠和摩擦剂，放入到稀释20倍的水中，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀制成水溶液，与生物活性玻璃、甘油和发泡剂混合；
b、加入壳聚糖、溶菌酶、氯化亚锡，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀、并在0.06-0.1Mpa的真空度下脱气，获得牙膏膏体。
对比例1 上面上常见功能性药膏
1、性能检测：取实施例1-3以及对比例1所述的牙膏2g；加入3mL灭菌的去离子水稀释。取干燥无菌的6mm滤纸片浸渍在上述牙膏溶解液中，干燥备用。按照营养琼脂配方制备培养基。将菌悬液均匀涂于平板表面，待菌液渗入琼脂平板后，将测试例制得的6mm滤纸片贴于平板表面。于37℃恒温培养48h，计算纸片周围抑菌圈直径大小，以此衡量该配方牙膏的抑菌性。
实验结果见表1
因此可以看出，本发明所述的牙膏，抑菌圈大，抑菌效果优良。
2、表面显微硬度值试验
实验采用了牙膏-人工唾液体外循环模型的方法，牛牙牙釉质样品经过抛光、酸蚀处理后，模拟日常使用牙膏（实施例1-3、对比例1），处理酸蚀脱矿的牙釉质样品，并测量对比实验过程中的牙釉质表面显微硬度( Surface Microhardness，SMH) 的变化，以考察牙膏对酸蚀脱矿的牙釉质的修复；相关结果汇总至下表2
表2
因此可看出，在使用本发明所述的牙膏，在使用2天后，可以有效的对牙齿牙釉质的硬度恢复到酸蚀前的硬度水平，而对比例1则不能随着使用时间的增长，硬度更加降低；因此本发明所述的牙膏，可以具有提升牙釉质硬度，帮助牙釉质再矿化。
当前，牙釉质脱矿是矿物质缓慢而连续溶解的过程，可导致牙釉质硬度下降，甚至牙釉质缺失。硬度是牙釉质重要的物理性能之一，是牙釉质功能的基础，也是釉质矿化程度和矿物质的含量的反映，硬度的变化可以反映牙釉质矿物质的获得和丢失。引起牙釉质脱矿的因素有很多，如微生物发酵产酸、频繁饮用酸性食物和饮料、患某些疾病使胃酸频繁进入口腔内接触牙齿、职业性接触酸雾等。牙釉质发生脱矿时，钙磷等元素流失，矿质密度下降，牙齿表面硬度降低，牙釉质强健程度下降； 反之，牙釉质发生再矿化时，钙磷等元素重新形成晶体，矿质密度增加，牙釉质强健程度提高。儿童龋齿的早期脱矿在临床上通常表现为白斑，表层脱矿继续扩大，就会形成明显的龋损，矿物质钙和氟可帮助牙齿再矿化，修护白斑。
因此本发明通过合理设计氟化物的负载方式，保证了牙膏中氟化物的有效持续，能够有效的去除龋损。
本领域技术人员将认识到，对以上描述做出众多变通是可能的，所以实施例仅是用来描述一个或多个特定实施方式。
尽管已经描述和叙述了被看作本发明的示范实施例，本领域技术人员将会明白，可以对其作出各种改变和替换，而不会脱离本发明的精神。另外，可以做出许多修改以将特定情况适配到本发明的教义，而不会脱离在此描述的本发明中心概念。所以，本发明不受限于在此披露的特定实施例，但本发明可能还包括属于本发明范围的所有实施例及其等同物。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，以重量份为单位，其特征在于，包括以下组分：氟化物1-2份、生物酶剂1-2份、生物活性玻璃0.2-0.3份、壳聚糖0.2-0.3份、甘油100份、摩擦剂10-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，其特征在于，所述氟化物，以重量份为单位，包括以下原料：氟化钠0.07-0.15份，氯化亚锡0.03-0.05份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，其特征在于，所述生物酶剂为溶菌酶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，其特征在于，所述摩擦剂为碳酸钙。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，其特征在于，所述牙膏，还包括发泡剂0.5-1份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为月桂酰基氨酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、以及甜菜碱中的一种或几种。
7.一种具有防治口腔疾病功效的牙膏的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、将氟化钠和摩擦剂，放入到稀释20倍的水中，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀制成水溶液，与生物活性玻璃、甘油和发泡剂混合；
b、加入壳聚糖、生物酶剂、氯化亚锡，以500-800r/min转速搅拌均匀、并在0.06-0.1Mpa的真空度下脱气，获得牙膏膏体。
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