CN113782770A - Fuel cell of fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Fuel cell of fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN113782770A CN113782770A CN202110880191.5A CN202110880191A CN113782770A CN 113782770 A CN113782770 A CN 113782770A CN 202110880191 A CN202110880191 A CN 202110880191A CN 113782770 A CN113782770 A CN 113782770A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell of a fuel cell automobile, which comprises a fuel cell body, wherein a water cooling structure is arranged on the fuel cell body, an air cooling structure is arranged on the water cooling structure, and a control structure is arranged on the water cooling structure; the invention has the advantages that the water cooling structure is arranged, the two rectangular pipes are adopted in the water cooling structure to independently circulate the cooling liquid, the two rectangular pipes are spliced and paved on the upper wall surface of the fuel cell, the contact area between the cooling liquid and the fuel cell is enlarged, the cooling liquid directly flows through the surface of the fuel cell, the heat dissipation effect is ensured, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the air cooling structure and the control structure are also arranged, a fan speed regulation signal is used for controlling a plurality of heat dissipation fans, the accurate control of the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell is realized, the occupied quantity of speed regulation signal hardware resources is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the performance and the economic efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell of a fuel cell automobile.
Background
In the fuel cell, the heat management of the fuel cell is related to the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell, the membrane electrode of the core component of the fuel cell stack is sensitive to the temperature, and the performance of the stack is influenced by overhigh or overlow temperature, so that the fuel cell can be favorably fully exerted by accurately controlling the temperature of cooling liquid flowing into the stack. The fuel cell heat management system of the fuel cell automobile mainly comprises a power supply module, a radiator and a radiator fan speed regulation control system.
The power supply module provides an energy source for the whole fuel cell heat management system, the radiator mainly comprises a heat dissipation row and a heat dissipation fan, the cooling liquid flows through the heat dissipation row, the heat dissipation fan rotates to enable air to flow through the heat dissipation row to carry out heat dissipation and discharge the heat of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is cooled, and the fan speed regulation system receives the rotating speed of the fuel cell temperature regulation heat dissipation fan, so that the temperature control of the fuel cell cooling liquid is realized. When the fuel cell thermal management system of the fuel cell automobile is designed, due to the consideration of the factors that the automobile is extremely hot and the efficiency of the fuel cell is reduced, and the like, the design of the radiator can leave large redundant radiating power, the design can ensure that the fuel cell automobile normally works at an extremely high temperature, but the radiating system has large redundant power, and the vehicle can excessively radiate heat (although a radiating fan can regulate the speed, the radiating fan has the lowest basic rotating speed) when working in a cold environment, so that the temperature of the fuel cell coolant can also greatly fluctuate even under the lowest radiating capacity.
To solve this problem, the conventional solution is to add a radiator fan speed signal, for example, 6 fans in a certain fuel cell vehicle radiator, and for the purpose of temperature control, the 6 fans are connected to a separate speed signal for each fan. However, the method occupies higher hardware resources of the speed regulation signal of the fan speed regulation control system, and a controller needs to be customized and developed, so that the cost is increased. In addition, the flow path of the cooling liquid of the conventional fuel cell in the fuel cell is a serpentine flow, which affects the heat dissipation effect and has low heat dissipation efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is designed to solve the above problems, and a fuel cell for a fuel cell vehicle is provided to solve the problems of the background art.
The technical scheme of the invention for realizing the aim is as follows: a fuel cell of a fuel cell automobile comprises a fuel cell body, wherein a water cooling structure is arranged on the fuel cell body, an air cooling structure is arranged on the water cooling structure, and a control structure is arranged on the water cooling structure;
the water cooling structure comprises two internal cooling liquid pipes, two first electromagnetic valves, a first three-way connecting pipe, a cooling liquid circulating pump, a feeding pipe, a radiator, a feeding pipe, a second three-way connecting pipe, two second electromagnetic valves and a pressing part;
two the internal cooling liquid pipe is installed in wall on the fuel cell body, and two internal cooling liquid pipes are hollow rectangle structure, and two internal cooling liquid pipe lateral wall all are equipped with the arch, two first solenoid valve is installed in two internal cooling liquid pipe one end, first tee bend connecting pipe are installed in two first solenoid valve one end, the coolant circulating pump is installed in first tee bend connecting pipe one end, it installs in the coolant circulating pump other end to send into the pipe, second tee bend connecting pipe is installed in sending into pipe one end, two the second solenoid valve is installed in second tee bend connecting pipe one end, two the second solenoid valve other end is installed in two the internal cooling liquid pipe other end, the nip portion is installed on the fuel cell body.
In some embodiments of aspects of the invention, the stitching comprises: the device comprises a box cover, a plurality of cylinders and a plurality of jacks;
the fuel cell box comprises a box cover, a plurality of air cylinders, a plurality of jacking heads and a plurality of air cylinder telescopic ends, wherein the box cover is arranged at an opening of a fuel cell body, the plurality of air cylinders are arranged on the top surface of the inner side of the box cover at equal intervals, the plurality of jacking heads are arranged at the plurality of air cylinder telescopic ends, and the box cover is arranged on the fuel cell body through a mounting assembly.
In some embodiments of aspects of the invention, the mounting assembly comprises: the first flanging and the second flanging are fixed on the base through bolts;
the two first flanges are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the fuel cell body, the two second flanges are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the case cover, the plurality of fixing bolts are movably inserted on the two first flanges and the two second flanges, and the plurality of fixing nuts are sleeved on the plurality of fixing bolts.
In some embodiments of aspects of the invention, the air-cooled structure comprises: the fan comprises a mounting rack and a plurality of fans;
the mounting bracket is installed on the radiator, and a plurality of fans are installed on the mounting bracket at equal intervals.
In some embodiments of aspects of the invention, the control structure comprises: the fan speed regulation system comprises a mounting cover, a plurality of normally closed relays, a fan speed regulation controller, a thermal management controller and a first temperature sensor;
the fan speed regulation controller is arranged on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover, the heat management controller is arranged on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover, and the first temperature sensor is arranged on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover.
In some embodiments of the solution according to the invention, the upper wall surfaces of both of the internal coolant pipes are provided with a second temperature sensor.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a plurality of the fans are provided with a protective cover, and the protective covers are all of a mesh structure.
In some embodiments of aspects of the invention, a plurality of the mounting caps are all mesh structures.
In some embodiments of the solution according to the invention, the number of the fans is specifically 5-6.
In some embodiments of the scheme of the present invention, the number of the normally closed relays is specifically 4 to 5, and the plurality of normally closed relays are provided with switches.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the thermal management controller calculates an estimated number N0 of fans to be operated in the fans connected to the normally closed relay according to formula (1):
N0＝(a×Te+b)÷c× Nf…………………………………………(1),
wherein Te is the current ambient temperature; a is a correction coefficient and takes the value in 1-5; b is the correction temperature, and the value is 0-100; c is the calibration temperature, and the value is 100; nf is the number of fans connected with normally closed relays.
The fuel cell of the fuel cell automobile manufactured by the technical scheme of the invention is provided with the water cooling structure, the water cooling structure adopts two rectangular pipes with independent structures to circulate the cooling liquid, the two rectangular pipes are spliced and paved on the upper wall surface of the fuel cell, the contact area between the cooling liquid and the fuel cell is enlarged, the cooling liquid directly flows through the surface of the fuel cell, the heat dissipation effect is ensured, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the air cooling structure and the control structure are also arranged, one fan speed regulation signal is used for controlling a plurality of heat dissipation fans, the accurate control of the temperature of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell is realized, the occupied quantity of the speed regulation signal hardware resources is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the performance and the economic efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top cross-sectional structural view of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic front view of a water cooling structure of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side cross-sectional structural view of a water cooling structure of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell of the fuel cell vehicle shown in fig. 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell frame of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fuel cell body; 2. an internal coolant tube; 3. a first solenoid valve; 4. A first three-way connecting pipe; 5. a coolant circulation pump; 6. a feeding pipe; 7. a heat sink; 8. A delivery pipe; 9. a second three-way connecting pipe; 10. a second solenoid valve;
11. a box cover; 12. a cylinder; 13. ejecting the head; 14. a first flanging; 15. second flanging; 16. fixing the bolt; 17. fixing a nut; 18. a mounting frame; 19. a fan;
20. mounting a cover; 21. a normally closed relay; 22. a fan speed controller; 23. a thermal management controller; 24. a first temperature sensor; 25. a second temperature sensor; 26. a shield; 27. and (4) switching.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the first and second are only used for distinguishing technical features, and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features. Several means more than one.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as set, mounted, connected, assembled, matched and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the terms in the present invention by combining the specific contents of the technical solutions.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, in some embodiments, the fuel cell of the fuel cell vehicle of the present invention includes a fuel cell body 1, a water cooling structure is provided on the fuel cell body 1, an air cooling structure is provided on the water cooling structure, and a control structure is provided on the water cooling structure;
the water cooling structure comprises two internal cooling liquid pipes 2, two first electromagnetic valves 3, a first three-way connecting pipe 4, a cooling liquid circulating pump 5, a feeding pipe 6, a radiator 7, a feeding pipe 8, a second three-way connecting pipe 9, two second electromagnetic valves 10 and a pressing part.
Two inside coolant pipes 2 are installed in wall on fuel cell body 1, two inside coolant pipes 2 are hollow rectangle structure, and two inside coolant pipes 2 lateral wall all are equipped with the arch, two first solenoid valves 3 are installed in two inside coolant pipes 2 one end, first tee bend connecting pipe 4 is installed in 3 one ends of two first solenoid valves, coolant circulating pump 5 is installed in 4 one ends of first tee bend connecting pipe, send into pipe 6 and install in the 5 other ends of coolant circulating pump, second tee bend connecting pipe 9 is installed in sending into 6 one end, two second solenoid valves 10 are installed in 9 one ends of second tee bend connecting pipe, two 10 other ends of second solenoid valves are installed in the 2 other ends of two inside coolant pipes, the pressfitting portion is installed on fuel cell body 1.
The nip portion includes: a box cover 11, a plurality of air cylinders 12 and a plurality of top heads 13; the case lid 11 is installed in the opening part of fuel cell body 1, and a plurality of cylinder 12 equidistance is installed on the inboard top surface of case lid 11, and a plurality of top 13 is installed in the flexible end of a plurality of cylinder 12, and case lid 11 passes through the installation component to be installed on fuel cell body 1.
The mounting assembly includes: the two first flanges 14, the two second flanges 15, the plurality of fixing bolts 16 and the plurality of fixing nuts 17; the two first flanges 14 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the fuel cell body 1, the two second flanges 15 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the case cover 11, the plurality of fixing bolts 16 are movably inserted into the two first flanges 14 and the two second flanges 15, and the plurality of fixing nuts 17 are sleeved on the plurality of fixing bolts 16.
The air-cooled structure includes: a mounting frame 18 and a plurality of fans 19; a mounting block 18 is mounted on the heat sink 7 and a plurality of fans 19 are mounted equidistantly on the mounting block 18.
The control structure includes: the device comprises a mounting cover 20, a plurality of normally closed relays 21, a fan 19 speed regulation controller, a thermal management controller 23 and a first temperature sensor 24; the mounting cover 20 is mounted on the radiator 7, the normally-closed relays 21 are mounted on the inner side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, the fan 19 speed regulation controller is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, the thermal management controller 23 is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, and the first temperature sensor 24 is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20; the upper wall surfaces of the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 are provided with second temperature sensors 25; a plurality of fans 19 are all provided with a shield 26, and a plurality of shields 26 are all of a net structure; the mounting covers 20 are all of a net structure; the number of the fans 19 is 5-6; the number of the normally closed relays 21 is 4-5, and the switches 27 are arranged on the normally closed relays 21.
All the electrical components in the present application are connected with the power supply adapted to the electrical components through the wires, and an appropriate controller should be selected according to actual conditions to meet the control requirements, and specific connection and control sequences should be obtained.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, a fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle includes a fuel cell body 1, a water cooling structure is disposed on the fuel cell body 1, an air cooling structure is disposed on the water cooling structure, and a control structure is disposed on the water cooling structure;
wherein, it is required to be noted that: the water-cooling structure is used for dispelling the heat to fuel cell body 1, the air-cooled structure is arranged in cooling liquid to the water-cooling structure, the control structure is used for controlling the air-cooled structure, thereby realize the accurate control of fuel cell coolant temperature, fuel cell body 1 is established ties by a plurality of fuel cell and forms, fuel cell includes proton exchange membrane, the coating has the cathode catalyst layer in proton exchange membrane's one side, the coating has the anode catalyst layer in proton exchange membrane's another side, at the cathode catalyst layer, the one side outwards of anode catalyst layer is provided with gas diffusion layer.
In the specific implementation process, the water cooling structure can preferably adopt the following structure, which comprises the following steps: the cooling system comprises two internal cooling liquid pipes 2, two first electromagnetic valves 3, a first three-way connecting pipe 4, a cooling liquid circulating pump 5, a feeding pipe 6, a radiator 7, a feeding pipe 8, a second three-way connecting pipe 9, two second electromagnetic valves 10 and a pressing part; two inside coolant pipes 2 are installed in wall on fuel cell body 1, two inside coolant pipes 2 are hollow rectangle structure, and two inside coolant pipes 2 lateral wall all are equipped with the arch, two first solenoid valves 3 are installed in two inside coolant pipes 2 one end, first tee bend connecting pipe 4 is installed in 3 one ends of two first solenoid valves, coolant circulating pump 5 is installed in 4 one ends of first tee bend connecting pipe, send into pipe 6 and install in the 5 other ends of coolant circulating pump, second tee bend connecting pipe 9 is installed in sending into 6 one end, two second solenoid valves 10 are installed in 9 one ends of second tee bend connecting pipe, two 10 other ends of second solenoid valves are installed in the 2 other ends of two inside coolant pipes, the pressfitting portion is installed on fuel cell body 1.
Among them, it should be noted that: the cooling liquid circulating pump 5 pumps the cooling liquid into the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 through the feeding pipe 6, the first three-way connecting pipe 4 and the two first electromagnetic valves 3, the two rectangular pipes are spliced and laid on the upper wall surface of the fuel cell, the contact area between the cooling liquid and the fuel cell is enlarged, the cooling liquid directly flows through the surface of the fuel cell, the heat dissipation effect is ensured, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the bulges on the side wall surfaces of the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 are used for limiting during installation, the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 are mutually clamped, the cooling liquid absorbing heat flows into the radiator 7 through the two second electromagnetic valves 10, the second three-way connecting pipe 9 and the feeding pipe 6 to dissipate heat, the cooling liquid with the reduced temperature is pumped into the fuel cell body 1 again through the cooling liquid circulating pump 5, in some embodiments, the upper wall surfaces of the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 are both provided with the second temperature sensors 25, when the temperature values detected by the second temperature sensor 25 have difference values, the internal cooling liquid pipe 2 with high value is maintained, the first electromagnetic valve 3 and the second electromagnetic valve 10 at the end part of the internal cooling liquid pipe 2 with low value are closed, the internal cooling liquid pipe 2 which does not need to be maintained is prevented from being emptied, the grounding end of the radiator 7 is grounded, the power supply end of the radiator 7 is connected with the positive end of a power supply, and the power supply is a 24V lead-acid storage battery;
in a specific implementation, the stitching portion may preferably adopt the following structure, which includes: a box cover 11, a plurality of air cylinders 12 and a plurality of top heads 13; the box cover 11 is arranged at an opening of the fuel cell body 1, the plurality of cylinders 12 are arranged on the top surface of the inner side of the box cover 11 at equal intervals, the plurality of jacks 13 are arranged at the telescopic ends of the plurality of cylinders 12, and the box cover 11 is arranged on the fuel cell body 1 through the mounting assembly;
wherein, it is required to be noted that: the box cover 11 is buckled at the opening of the fuel cell body 1, the plurality of cylinders 12 extend until the plurality of jacks 13 press the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2, and the two internal cooling liquid pipes 2 are tightly attached to the fuel cell body 1;
in particular implementations, the mounting assembly may preferably adopt the following structure, which includes: the two first flanges 14, the two second flanges 15, the plurality of fixing bolts 16 and the plurality of fixing nuts 17; the two first flanges 14 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the fuel cell body 1, the two second flanges 15 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the case cover 11, the plurality of fixing bolts 16 are movably inserted on the two first flanges 14 and the two second flanges 15, and the plurality of fixing nuts 17 are sleeved on the plurality of fixing bolts 16;
wherein, it is required to be noted that: the fuel cell body 1 is fixedly connected with the case cover 11 through a plurality of fixing bolts 16 and a plurality of fixing nuts 17, and the two first flanges 14 and the two second flanges 15 are used for mounting the plurality of fixing bolts 16;
in the specific implementation process, the air cooling structure can preferably adopt the following structure, which comprises the following steps: a mounting frame 18 and a plurality of fans 19; the mounting rack 18 is arranged on the radiator 7, and a plurality of fans 19 are equidistantly arranged on the mounting rack 18;
wherein, it is required to be noted that: the mounting rack 18 is used for mounting a plurality of fans 19, the plurality of fans 19 work to enable air to flow and take away heat on the radiator 7, and a cooling function is achieved, preferably, a plurality of fans 19 are all provided with a protective cover 26, and the protective covers 26 are all of a net structure and used for protecting the fans 19;
in a specific implementation, the control structure may preferably adopt the following structure, which includes: the device comprises a mounting cover 20, a plurality of normally closed relays 21, a fan 19 speed regulation controller, a thermal management controller 23 and a first temperature sensor 24; the mounting cover 20 is mounted on the radiator 7, the normally-closed relays 21 are mounted on the inner side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, the speed regulation controller of the fan 19 is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, the thermal management controller 23 is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, and the first temperature sensor 24 is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover 20, preferably, the mounting covers 20 are of a net structure and used for air circulation;
wherein, it is required to be noted that: the PWM duty cycle signal input pin of one fan 19 in the plurality of fans 19 is directly connected with the PWM duty cycle signal output pin of the speed regulation controller of the fan 19, the PWM duty cycle signal input pins of the other fans 19 in the plurality of fans 19 are respectively connected with the PWM duty cycle signal output pin of the speed regulation controller of the fan 19 through normally closed relays 21, each normally closed relay 21 is respectively connected with a thermal management controller 23 through signals, the thermal management controller 23 determines the final number of the fans 19 needing to work in the fan 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21 according to the ambient temperature and controls the on-off of the corresponding normally closed relays 21 through signals, preferably, the plurality of normally closed relays 21 are respectively provided with a switch 27 for controlling the working state of the normally closed relays 21, and the ambient temperature is sensed and measured through a first temperature sensor 24, the speed regulation controller of the fan 19 controls the rotating speed of each fan 19 according to the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell body 1;
the thermal management controller 23 calculates the estimated number N0 of the fans 19 to be operated in the fans 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21 according to the formula (1):
N0＝(a×Te+b)÷c× Nf………………………………………………(1),
wherein Te is the current ambient temperature; a is a correction coefficient and takes the value in 1-5; b is the correction temperature, and the value is 0-100; c is the calibration temperature, and the value is 100; nf is the number of fans 19 connected with normally closed relays 21;
if N0 is less than 0, the final number N1 of the fans 19 connected with the normally closed relay 21 and needing to work is 0; if N0 is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to Nf, rounding off N0 to obtain the final number N1 of the fans 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21 and needing to work; if N0 is greater than Nf, the final number N1 of the fans 19 connected with the normally closed relay 21 and needing to work is Nf;
after the final number N1 of the working fans 19 in the fans 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21 is determined, the thermal management controller 23 controls the Nf-N1 normally closed relays 21 to be disconnected through signals, and the fan 19 speed regulation controller controls the rotating speed of N1+1 fans 19 according to the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell body 1;
in some embodiments, the number of the plurality of fans 19 is specifically 5 to 6; the number of the normally closed relays 21 is 4-5;
when the number of the fans 19 is 5, 4 fans 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21 are 4, namely Nf is 4, and after two real-vehicle tests at 0 ℃ and 25 ℃, the final value of the correction coefficient a in the formula (1) is determined to be 2, and the final value of the correction temperature b is determined to be 20. If the ambient temperature sensed by the temperature sensor is 10 ℃, calculating according to a formula (1) to obtain that N0 is 1.6, rounding off N0 to obtain that N1 is 2, then controlling 2 normally closed relays 21 to be disconnected by a thermal management controller 23 through signals, controlling the rotating speeds of 3 fans 19 by a fan 19 speed regulation controller according to the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell body 1, wherein the 3 fans 19 comprise 1 fan 19 directly connected with the fan 19 speed regulation controller and 2 fans 19 connected with the normally closed relays 21; if the ambient temperature sensed and measured by the temperature sensor is-20 ℃, and the value of N0 is-0.8 calculated according to the formula (1), the value of N1 is 0, then the thermal management controller 23 controls the 4 normally closed relays 21 to be switched off through signals, and the speed-regulating controller of the fan 19 controls the rotating speed of 1 fan 19 according to the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell body 1, namely the rotating speed of the fan 19 directly connected with the speed-regulating controller of the fan 19;
when there are 6 fans 19, there are 5 fans 19 connected to the normally closed relay 21, that is, Nf is 5, and under the condition of the same type of fuel cell body 1, the correction coefficient a in the formula (1) is finally set to 2, and the correction temperature b is finally set to 20. If the ambient temperature sensed by the first temperature sensor 24 is 15 ℃, N0 is 2.5 calculated according to the formula (1), N0 is rounded to obtain N1 of 3, then the thermal management controller 23 controls 1 normally closed relay 21 to be disconnected through signals, the speed regulation controller of the fan 19 controls the rotating speeds of 4 fans 19 in the radiator 7 according to the heat dissipation requirement of the fuel cell body 1, and the 4 fans 19 comprise 1 fan 19 directly connected with the speed regulation controller of the fan 19 and 3 fans 19 connected with the normally closed relay 21.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A fuel cell of a fuel cell automobile comprises a fuel cell body (1), and is characterized in that a water cooling structure is arranged on the fuel cell body (1), an air cooling structure is arranged on the water cooling structure, and a control structure is arranged on the water cooling structure;
the water cooling structure comprises two internal cooling liquid pipes (2), two first electromagnetic valves (3), a first three-way connecting pipe (4), a cooling liquid circulating pump (5), a feeding pipe (6), a radiator (7), a feeding pipe (8), a second three-way connecting pipe (9), two second electromagnetic valves (10) and a pressing part;
the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2) are arranged on the upper wall surface of the fuel cell body (1), the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2) are both of a hollow rectangular structure, the side wall surfaces of the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2) are provided with protrusions, the two first electromagnetic valves (3) are arranged at one ends of the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2), a first three-way connecting pipe (4) is arranged at one end of each of the two first electromagnetic valves (3), a cooling liquid circulating pump (5) is arranged at one end of the first three-way connecting pipe (4), a feeding pipe (6) is arranged at the other end of the cooling liquid circulating pump (5), a second three-way connecting pipe (9) is arranged at one end of the feeding pipe (6), the two second electromagnetic valves (10) are arranged at one end of the second three-way connecting pipe (9), and the other ends of the two second electromagnetic valves (10) are arranged at the other ends of the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2), the press-fit portion is mounted on the fuel cell body (1).
2. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the press-fit portion includes: a box cover (11), a plurality of cylinders (12) and a plurality of jacks (13);
the fuel cell box is characterized in that the box cover (11) is arranged at an opening of the fuel cell body (1), a plurality of cylinders (12) are arranged on the top surface of the inner side of the box cover (11) at equal intervals, a plurality of jacking heads (13) are arranged at the telescopic ends of the cylinders (12), and the box cover (11) is arranged on the fuel cell body (1) through a mounting assembly.
3. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the mounting assembly includes: the device comprises two first turned-over edges (14), two second turned-over edges (15), a plurality of fixing bolts (16) and a plurality of fixing nuts (17);
the two first flanges (14) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the fuel cell body (1), the two second flanges (15) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall surface of the box cover (11), a plurality of fixing bolts (16) are movably inserted into the two first flanges (14) and the two second flanges (15), and a plurality of fixing nuts (17) are sleeved on the plurality of fixing bolts (16).
4. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the air-cooling structure comprises: a mounting frame (18) and a plurality of fans (19);
the mounting rack (18) is arranged on the radiator (7), and the plurality of fans (19) are arranged on the mounting rack (18) at equal intervals.
5. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the fans (19) are provided with a plurality of the shields (26), and a plurality of the shields (26) are of a mesh structure.
6. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the number of the plurality of fans (19) is 5 to 6.
7. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the control structure comprises: the device comprises a mounting cover (20), a plurality of normally closed relays (21), a fan (19) speed regulation controller, a thermal management controller (23) and a first temperature sensor (24);
the heat-dissipation air conditioner is characterized in that the mounting cover (20) is mounted on the radiator (7), the normally-closed relays (21) are mounted on the inner side wall surface of the mounting cover (20), the fan (19) speed regulation controller is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover (20), the heat management controller (23) is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover (20), and the first temperature sensor (24) is mounted on the outer side wall surface of the mounting cover (20).
8. The fuel cell of the fuel cell automobile according to claim 7, wherein the thermal management controller calculates the estimated number of fans to be operated N0 among the fans connected with the normally closed relay according to formula (1):
N0＝(a×Te+b)÷c×Nf………………………………………(1),
wherein Te is the current ambient temperature; a is a correction coefficient and takes the value in 1-5; b is the correction temperature, and the value is 0-100; c is the calibration temperature, and the value is 100; nf is the number of fans connected with normally closed relays.
9. The fuel cell of a fuel cell automobile according to claim 8, wherein the number of the normally closed relays (21) is 4-5, and a switch (27) is provided on each of the normally closed relays (21).
10. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the mounting covers (20) are formed in a mesh structure.
11. The fuel cell of a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the second temperature sensor (25) is provided on the upper wall surface of each of the two internal cooling liquid pipes (2).
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