CN113778898A - User interface automatic testing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a user interface automatic testing method and device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of pre-building an automatic test framework, and deploying the automatic test framework in an automatic test environment; the automatic testing framework positions and packages the page elements in the page object based on the page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, business layer regression and data layer verification. When a UI test instruction is received, obtaining a test case and a corresponding UI automation script, wherein the UI automation scripts are independent of each other; and calling the UI automation script to execute the automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case. The method and the device realize the clearness of the test business process, not only can accurately count the passing rate of the test cases, but also can reduce the test cost of the whole user interface, have less code redundancy and are beneficial to improving the quality of software products.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of automated testing technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for automatically testing a user interface, an electronic device, and a readable storage medium.
Background
With the rapid development and the universal application of the internet technology, various software products can not be separated from daily work and life, the software products need to rely on a User Interface (UI) to complete human-computer interaction, User pages are directly related to the use experience of users on the software products, and the quality of the User Interface is related to the use value of the whole software products. Therefore, in the software development process, user interface testing is an essential stage, and in order to improve software testing efficiency, automatic testing application is generated.
It can be understood that although the software automation test is realized, the UI test is still the link which consumes most manpower of the test team at present, and most of the professional testers work daily to be the UI test, so that the labor cost is high. For some complex user interface tests, the test service flow of the related technology is not clear, the maintenance cost of the test framework is high, and the statistical result of the pass rate of the test case is inaccurate. No matter how complex and important the technical architecture is, the user interface of the front end is the ultimate contact of the user. The existing software products have a plurality of front-end service logics and specification styles besides background logics, and the usability of the products at a user end cannot be effectively proved only by a background interface and simple unit test. In addition, when the related technology carries out automatic testing, the related technology needs to rely on the current testing environment and cannot independently run the testing, so that a large amount of invalid service data can be generated, and the system memory is occupied; and the code redundancy of the automatic testing framework and the quality of software products are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a user interface automatic testing method, a user interface automatic testing device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium, which realize the clearness of a testing business process and can accurately count the passing rate of a test case. The investment of the labor cost of a test team is reduced, the maintenance cost of the test framework is reduced, and the test cost of the whole user interface is effectively reduced. The code redundancy of the automatic testing framework is reduced, and the quality of software products is improved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically testing a user interface, including:
an automatic testing frame is set up in advance and deployed in an automatic testing environment; the automatic testing framework positions and encapsulates page elements in a page object based on a page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, service layer regression and data layer verification;
when a UI test instruction is received, obtaining a test case and a corresponding UI automation script, wherein the UI automation scripts are independent of each other;
and calling the UI automation script to execute an automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
Optionally, the building of the automated testing framework includes:
packaging a browser driver and a target tool into the automated testing framework;
uniformly packaging a public operation method to a basic test class to form a test public class for operating the page elements to be tested, wherein the test class corresponding to each page to be tested inherits the test public class, and managing the page elements of the test class through the browser driver;
and packaging the preset behavior operation method into a webpage testing tool.
Optionally, the packaging the browser driver and the target tool into the automated testing framework includes:
packaging the browser driver into the automated test framework;
and packaging any one or any combination of an Excel drive read-write data tool, an Email mail tool, a log recording tool, a configuration tool and a public path storage tool into the automatic test framework.
Optionally, the building of the automated testing framework includes:
and packaging the method for realizing the automatic login of the software system to the automatic test framework.
Optionally, the invoking the UI automation script to execute an automated test on a page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case includes:
dividing the page to be tested into a presentation layer, an operation layer and a business layer based on the automatic testing framework; the presentation layer is used for visualizing the interface elements of the page to be tested, the operation layer is used for executing operation behaviors on the interface elements, and the service layer is a function realized in the operation process of the interface elements;
acquiring operation methods of all elements and elements to be operated in the test case, and positioning all elements to be operated on a presentation layer of the page to be tested;
calling corresponding page object classes based on the element operation methods, and driving corresponding elements to be operated by using the browser driver so as to simulate corresponding user operation behaviors;
and if the test case is abnormal or vulnerable in the process of executing the test case, triggering an automatic screenshot function.
Optionally, the positioning each element to be operated on the presentation layer of the page to be tested includes:
for each element to be operated, if the existence of the current element to be operated is detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is successfully loaded on the page to be tested within a preset waiting time, positioning the current element to be operated in the page to be tested;
and if the current element to be operated is not detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is not loaded on the page to be tested successfully within a preset waiting time, the page loading is abnormal.
Optionally, the invoking the UI automation script to execute an automated test on a page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case includes:
recording an execution process of calling the UI automation script to execute an automation test on a page to be tested so as to form a log file;
generating an automatic test report according to the execution result of each test case;
and outputting the log file, the automatic test report and the screenshot file to a preset target path.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic testing apparatus for a user interface, including:
the test framework building and deploying module is used for building an automatic test framework and deploying the automatic test framework in an automatic test environment; the automatic testing framework positions and encapsulates page elements in a page object based on a page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, service layer regression and data layer verification;
the UI test module is used for acquiring a test case and a corresponding UI automation script when a UI test instruction is received, and the UI automation scripts are independent of one another; and calling the UI automation script to execute an automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a processor, and the processor is configured to implement the steps of the method for automatically testing a user interface according to any one of the foregoing items when executing a computer program stored in a memory.
Finally, an embodiment of the present invention provides a readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for automatically testing a user interface according to any of the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
The technical scheme provided by the application has the advantages that the UI behavior operation, the business process and the data verification are separated, the test business process is clear and simple, and the passing rate of the test case can be accurately counted. The whole automatic test process does not need human intervention, the regression test period is saved, and the investment of the labor cost of a test team can be reduced. The page elements are separated from the service operation flow, namely the separation of the test object and the test script, and the separation of the object library and the test case are realized, the test object can be reused, when the page elements are changed due to the change of the requirements, the service logic in the test script does not need to be changed, only the element codes in the page objects need to be changed, and the maintenance efficiency of the automatic test framework is enhanced. Each test script is independent of each other, no other dependence and calling are generated, the independence of the function module case is kept from being influenced by other cases and service scenes, the existing data in the current test environment cannot be relied on, the environment can be independently deployed, the test framework should operate independently, the code redundancy of the automatic test framework is reduced, and the quality of software products is improved. The repetition of test codes is reduced, and the readability and reusability of test cases can be improved; the maintainability of the test case is improved, and particularly, the maintenance cost of the test frame is reduced aiming at the items of frequent change requirements of UI page elements and interface style revising, so that the test cost of the whole user interface is effectively reduced.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a corresponding implementation device, electronic equipment and a readable storage medium for the user interface automatic test method, so that the method has higher practicability, and the device, the electronic equipment and the readable storage medium have corresponding advantages.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the related art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for automatically testing a user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a PMT mode operation principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a PMT mode webpage operation flow according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an automated testing process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic diagram of a PMT mode for UI automation test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an automated testing device for a user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not for describing a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed.
Having described the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, various non-limiting embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for automatically testing a user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment of the present invention may include the following:
s101: and pre-building an automatic testing framework, and deploying the automatic testing framework in an automatic testing environment.
The automatic test framework of the embodiment is used for executing the UI automatic test, the UI automatic test is an automatic operation mode for simulating the behavior of a user on a browser, the use of the automatic test can reduce the labor cost of a test team, is favorable for counting the passing rate of accurate test cases, completing the repeated work of various types of functional tests, effectively improving the UI test efficiency,
it is considered that PMT (Page Model Test, Page object mode) can reduce repetition of Test code; the readability and the reusability of the test case are improved; the maintainability of the test case is improved, and particularly the test case is used for the items of frequent change requirements of UI page elements and interface style revising. In addition, PMT can be maintained and developed with many members of the team together, is favorable to team cooperation, saves project test cycle, improves test work efficiency, improves product quality. The frame mode can cover full-scene full-function full services in the regression test, and the coverage rate is improved. The PMT can also save the expense cost and equipment resources of the project, and the frame can cross a mainstream browser test, a cross equipment test, a cross server and a computer operating system, so that the compatibility is improved. Furthermore, PMT can also continuously monitor the stability of the test function, UI automatic test can achieve unattended humanized monitoring of the test process, distributed and thread operation is performed in a designated sequence, different browser drivers share the same test case in different devices, and the failed case can be re-operated after execution fails due to external factors. However, building an automated test framework using PMTs requires a foundation for the development language, i.e., the ability to code to develop a test PMT pattern framework. In addition, the method is suitable for scenes with less complex test services, namely, the PMT mode framework is not easy to apply when the test services of software products are complex. Based on the method, the automatic test framework can be designed based on the PMT, and the PMT is mainly embodied in the method for packaging interaction details of the system interface, so that the method for driving the browser operating system page is realized. The design mode is a page operation method packaging thought and aims to create a page object for each page to be tested, position and package fussy page elements in the page object and solve the problem of hierarchical and separate design of the page elements and element operation methods. The automatic testing framework of the embodiment locates and encapsulates the page elements in the page object based on the page object model, and adopts the separation mode of UI layer operation, service layer regression and data layer verification to realize the full-function coverage of the regression testing full scene, and realizes the digital-form separation based on the PMT framework mode. The data layer verification refers to a process of performing advanced verification on data on which the functional operation depends. By separating the page elements from the business operation flow, the test object and the test script are separated, and the object library and the use case are separated, so that the test object is reused. When the page elements are changed due to the change of the requirements, the service logic in the test script does not need to be changed, and only the element codes in the page objects need to be changed, so that the maintenance efficiency is enhanced.
It can be understood that the building of the automated testing framework is based on the computer language, and the corresponding computer language can be installed in the system in advance based on the language adopted by the automated testing framework. For example, in the present embodiment, an automated testing framework is built based on Python and PMT, Python3 language can be installed, the language version needs to be 3.x (e.g., 3.4 to 3.9), and the environment variable "C; \ Python 34; c; \\ Python34\ scales; "add to system variable path. After the automatic test framework is built, the automatic test framework needs to be verified, for example, the same test cases which run on multiple platforms every day can be combined to form traversal tests for pages with less change of stable demand points, a large number of repeated test tasks are performed, frequent regression tests are performed, the coverage rate of the test cases of the automatic cases in the whole project is 60% of the coverage rate of general cases, and the coverage rate of important process cases is 85%. After the automatic test framework is built and verified, the automatic test framework is deployed in an environment needing to execute the UI automatic test according to the UI automatic test scene, optionally, an environment of a jenkins Continuous Integration Server (CI) can be built, Continuous delivery and automatic smoking test are carried out in the environment, an independent test environment is built, a Windows desktop operating system is installed, a browser is installed, distributed execution is carried out, a host machine creation node-publishing node-single camera is connected to a host machine in a registered mode, when a plurality of single cameras exist, the host machine can designate the single cameras through names or labels of the single cameras, the single cameras need to have corresponding execution environments, and codes need to be loaded to the host machine to execute the test process. The data operation and the page object of the automated testing framework based on the embodiment are separated, in order to realize the separation of the data and the page object, the embodiment can adopt a mode of independently managing the test data, the test data is independently separated into an Excel file to be stored, and the test data is assigned to a TestCase test case through reading and writing.
S102: and when a UI test instruction is received, obtaining a test case and a corresponding UI automation script.
The UI test instruction of this embodiment may be issued by the user, or may be issued by the automated test script when triggered to execute a certain test task, which does not affect the implementation of this application. The test case is written by a user and then is pre-stored in a test environment, the test case is matched with the UI test instruction, and the UI automation script is used for executing a corresponding test task according to the test case based on the UI test instruction. The UI automation scripts of the present application are independent of each other. The embodiment keeps the independence of the function module use case from being influenced by other use cases and service scenes, does not depend on existing data in the current test environment, can be independently deployed, and the test framework can independently run. Therefore, the generation probability of invalid service data can be reduced, the cleaning operation process of the invalid service data is saved, and the test process is further simplified.
S103: and calling the UI automation script to execute the automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
In this embodiment, through inheriting and relying to implement corresponding testing steps, the automated testing framework constructed in S101 is an idea of automated testing framework and tool design, a linear testing thought makes each testing script relatively opposite, and does not generate other dependencies and calls, and a modular driving idea is embodied, a repeated operation part is used as an independent common module for other function calls and citations, so as to eliminate repetition and improve maintainability of the automated testing framework.
In addition, in order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the whole UI automatic test, when a UI test task is executed, all function test cases are not required to be converted into the automatic test, the service is not complex, the scene is simple, the service flow is clear, the functions can be converted into the automatic test, the function scene is not too complex, a single case test single scene is added, and the test step is split to improve the efficiency.
In the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the UI behavior operation, the service flow and the data verification are separated in an automatic test design mode, so that the clear and simple test service flow is realized, and the passing rate of the test case is accurately counted. The whole automatic test process does not need human intervention, the regression test period is saved, and the investment of the labor cost of a test team can be reduced. The page elements are separated from the service operation flow, namely the separation of the test object and the test script, and the separation of the object library and the test case are realized, the test object can be reused, when the page elements are changed due to the change of the requirements, the service logic in the test script does not need to be changed, only the element codes in the page objects need to be changed, and the maintenance efficiency of the automatic test framework is enhanced. Each test script is independent of each other, no other dependence and calling are generated, the independence of the function module case is kept from being influenced by other cases and service scenes, the existing data in the current test environment cannot be relied on, the environment can be independently deployed, the test framework should operate independently, the code redundancy of the automatic test framework is reduced, and the quality of software products is improved. The repetition of test codes is reduced, and the readability and reusability of test cases can be improved; the maintainability of the test case is improved, and particularly, the maintenance cost of the test frame is reduced aiming at the items of frequent change requirements of UI page elements and interface style revising, so that the test cost of the whole user interface is effectively reduced.
In the above embodiment, how to perform step S101 is not limited, and an alternative implementation of building an automated testing framework based on a PMT as a design mode is provided in this embodiment, which may include the following:
firstly, the aim of a PMT design mode in building an automatic test framework and the problems to be solved need to be determined: 1. the method has the advantages that the modularization is reasonable, the hierarchical encapsulation is reasonable, the data and the service are separated, and the multiplexing rate of the frame code is improved; the coupling is low, the coupling degree between each module and each class is not too high, and the follow-up maintenance is convenient; the expansion is realized, and an entrance is reserved in the frame design, so that the function upgrading is convenient to carry out in the later period; the language used in design is convenient to deploy in a cross-platform language; easy maintenance, reasonable scheme design, complete and perfect log system and clear code annotation; 2. the project period is long, the historical function is stable, and automatic testing is carried out according to a PMT design mode. 3. Challenges facing automated testing: the biggest challenge is the change of interface elements, because the change can cause the operation failure of the test case, the automatic script needs to be debugged continuously, and the control of cost and resource reduction are the challenges of the automatic test tool and the capability of a test practitioner. The demand is stable and cannot be changed frequently; the greatest challenge of the automatic test is the change of the requirement, the automatic script needs to be modified, expanded and debugged to adapt to new functions, and if the input-output ratio is too low, the value and the meaning of the automatic test are lost; the compromise method is to select relatively stable modules and functions for automatic testing, and manually test the parts with large change and frequent change of requirements; 4. the multi-platform operation is realized, the reusability and portability of a combination traversal type, a repeated task, test data, a test case and an automatic script are strong, the cost is reduced, and the efficiency and the value are improved; the software has long maintenance period and is vital; the requirement stability of the automatic test, the design of the automatic frame, the script development and the debugging all need time, which is actually a software development process, and if the project period is short, enough time is not available to support the process, the automatic test is not needed. 5. The development of a tested system is more standard, and the testability is strong; mainly for these reasons: architectural differences of the tested system, adaptability of testing technology and tools, and whether the ability of the tester can design an automated testing framework to adapt to the differences. The process of building the automated testing framework in the embodiment can comprise the following steps:
packaging a browser driver, namely a module for packaging a browser driver program and a target tool into an automatic test frame; uniformly packaging the public operation method to a basic test class to form a test public class for operating page elements to be tested, wherein the test class corresponding to each page to be tested inherits the test public class, and managing the page elements of the test class through a browser driver; and packaging the preset behavior operation method into a webpage testing tool.
For the third-party library tool packaging, as shown in fig. 5, an Excel drive read-write data function, an Email mail sending function can be used to send a test result to a team member, a Log function records a test execution process, a Config configuration file constant data read-write function, a contents relative path OS function, and an element operation method basetest element operation keyword function can be applied. The relative path function is to provide a common path, which means that the storage position of the stored file relative to the current project is not required to indicate a storage drive symbol and a folder, that is, the personal configuration of all the cooperative personnel is not influenced, and the OS means the interpretation of the file storage target. Accordingly, packaging the browser driver and the target tool into the automated testing framework may include: packaging the browser driver into an automated testing framework; and packaging any one or any combination of an Excel drive read-write data tool, an Email mail tool, a log recording tool, a configuration tool and a public path storage tool into an automatic test framework.
In the PMT mode of this embodiment, a common operation method is uniformly packaged into a Bases Test class (base Test class), and a tool common behavior operation method used for Web application testing, such as Selenium, is secondarily packaged. Each independent page corresponds to a respective Test class, the Test class needs to inherit a BasesTest public class, page elements in the Test class are managed through driving, and behavior operation in the Test class is packaged into an independent method to be used as a service presentation layer (such as a deleting process) and a behavior operation layer (such as a click deleting function). The common operation method is uniformly packaged after the base Test, and can be called a Basestest method, and the Basestest method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of operating a save _ screen _ shot screenshot, seeing _ element _ visual wait element visible, getting _ element to obtain all elements in a page, getting _ element _ click wait element clickable, getting _ element _ input _ txt to input text content into an input box, clearing text box content from clear _ text, waiting _ page _ content _ element wait element existing, getting _ element _ select wait element selectable, getting _ load _ file upload file, scroll _ test page sliding scroll bar and the like.
It can be understood that when a certain browser is subjected to UI test, the browser needs to be logged in first, and in order to further improve the automated testing efficiency, when the automated testing framework is built, the method for realizing automatic logging in of the software system can be packaged into the automated testing framework.
As an alternative embodiment, the flow of performing UI automation test based on the automatic test framework of PMT mode will be described in conjunction with fig. 2 to 5, which may include the following flows:
first, as shown in fig. 2, the principle of the automated testing framework based on PMT mode to perform UI automated testing is as follows: and the UI automation script sends an operation request to the browser and simultaneously triggers a browser driver, and the browser executes corresponding operation under the drive of the browser driver so as to respond to the operation request. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the test case is analyzed to obtain each element operation method, a corresponding page object class is called based on each element operation method, and then page operations executed by the browser driven by the browser driver are unified. As shown in fig. 4, the automated testing process of the present application is: and making a test plan according to the project version and the requirement specification, making a corresponding test scheme according to the test requirement and the test plan, building an automatic test environment based on the test scheme, and designing an automatic test case. When designing a Test case, the compliant naming rule of the Test case class (TestCase) may be Test _ py or a file with _ Test _ py, a function name beginning with Test _ py, a function beginning with Test (without __ init __ function), and the auto discovery Test module and Test method defaults to search under the execution path of the Test command, and search the hierarchy: directory-file-functions and classes. And after the automatic test environment is built, storing the automatic test case into the automatic test environment. And when receiving the automatic test task, acquiring a test case, and calling the automatic test script to execute the automatic test task in the automatic test environment. And judging whether the current test case passes, if the current test case passes the next test case, if the current test case does not pass the next test case, extracting the defects, tracking the defects, verifying the problems, performing regression testing, and executing the automated testing based on the test case again. And if all the test cases are executed, analyzing and summarizing the execution result of each test case to generate an automatic test result, and completing an automatic test task. In the whole automatic test process, documents to be output comprise a software version test package, a test plan book, a test scheme book, a test case, a test script and test data, a defect record sheet, an automatic test report and a test summary book. The process for executing a debug automation test script and executing an automation test may be based on that shown in fig. 5. In this embodiment, the idea of the automatic test flow based on the PMT mode is as follows: and a browser driver is packaged, and when a PMT program frame executes a test case, an error reason screenshot function is triggered after the execution of the abnormal reason case fails, so that the subsequent browsing and checking and the function error position are conveniently and quickly positioned. And page element basic class operation and page elements of the front-end page function module are packaged, and the system login method is convenient for the prepositive calling of the subsequent function module. And simultaneously, calling a case execution result counter of a PMT design mode after the case execution is finished, counting the number of failures, successes and exceptions of each module and the service function test case, generating a test report, and sending the test report to a corresponding receiver through a mail function.
Based on the idea of the automatic test flow of the PMT mode, the process of calling the UI automation script to execute the automatic test on the page to be tested based on the automatic test framework and the test case may include:
dividing a page to be tested into a presentation layer, an operation layer and a business layer based on an automatic testing framework; the presentation layer is used for visualizing the interface elements of the page to be tested, the operation layer is used for executing operation behaviors on the interface elements, and the service layer is a function realized in the operation process of the interface elements.
And acquiring operation methods of all elements and elements to be operated in the test case, and positioning all the elements to be operated in the presentation layer of the page to be tested.
Calling corresponding page object classes based on the element operation methods, and driving corresponding elements to be operated by using a browser driver so as to simulate corresponding user operation behaviors;
and if the exception or the bug occurs in the process of executing the test case, triggering an automatic screenshot function.
In this embodiment, the PMT mode divides the page into three layers: a presentation layer: interface elements in the visual page all belong to the presentation layer and are compiled by the element locator. Operation layer: and operating behaviors on visible elements of the page, such as option box pull-down, element click, parameter input, target dragging, file uploading, page sliding, file downloading and the like. And (4) a service layer: the functional target realized in the operation process of a plurality of elements in the page is a test case. The PageLocalizers can be used for positioning the Web elements, and the page elements can be accurately positioned based on the parameters of the elements, such as id, xpath, name, class _ name, tag _ name, link _ text, partial _ link _ text, css and the like, so that the page elements can be operated. And after an abnormal condition occurs in the process of automatically testing the case, automatically starting a screenshot function, and storing the intercepted image into a finally generated test report so as to trace or locate the fault. If the automatic testing task is completed, the comparison between the actual result and the expected result can be predicated, and whether the element exists or not is judged to be consistent with the expected result. The management and execution of the test suite may be, for example, through main use case execution commands, or may be run with a pytest.main () function in the main.py file under the project root directory path.
It can be understood that in the UI automation test process, a problem that the element program to be searched is executed completely but the page is not loaded successfully due to too slow page loading time, so that the element cannot be located is encountered. In order to solve the technical disadvantage that the elements cannot be found due to the page loading time, the loading time can be set for the page. Specifically, for each element to be operated, if the existence of the current element to be operated is detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is successfully loaded on the page to be tested within a preset waiting time, the current element to be operated is positioned in the page to be tested; or if the current element to be operated is not detected in the page to be tested at intervals of the preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is not successfully loaded on the page to be tested within the preset waiting time, the page loading is abnormal. In this embodiment, the above two ways may be referred to as a display waiting element and an implicit wait. The explicit wait element is a wait time set for a specific element, if the element is not found in a specified time range, an exception is thrown, and if the element is found in the specified time range, the exception is directly executed, namely, the element is found, and relevant subsequent operations are executed. Implicit wait sets global wait such as page load timeout wait, page element load timeout, asynchronous script timeout. And if the page element is overtime, setting waiting time and setting loading time for all elements in the page. Implicit waiting is that in a specified time range, when a browser continuously refreshes a page, until a related element is found or the time is over, the robustness of the page element and the efficiency of testing efficiency are improved.
In order to further improve the high availability of the automated test, the embodiment further records an execution process of calling the UI automation script to execute the automated test on the page to be tested, so as to form a log file; generating an automatic test report according to the execution result of each test case; and outputting the log file, the automatic test report and the screenshot file to a preset target path.
The test report, such as the ytest-Alluers report, may include statistics such as success/failure/retry, execution results of each test case, and time-consuming data of each test case. After the test result file is run, an additional command generation report needs to be executed and stored in the test result file directory. Visual test result reports can be generated, the success rate and the failure rate of the function modules are reflected, the specific error position of the test function can be clearly described through the screenshot of the failure case, the regression test efficiency of the function can be improved more conveniently and intelligently, and the personnel cost is saved. The operation process can be clearly recorded through log output (such as log file output and mail notification), when the execution fails, the error position line number can be located at the fastest speed through the log file, the execution result and the execution process are synchronously sent to a mailbox of a related person of responsibility, and timely notification and problem tracking are facilitated. In addition, the accurate test case passing rate is counted by automatically generating a detailed test process and a test result.
In order to further improve the automatic testing effect, when the automatic testing framework is built, an intermediate public module, such as a condtest. The texture in the pytestUI automation test framework is an inheritance mechanism for separating the code that performs preparation and cleaning work before and after testing from the core test logic. Like the setup \ Teardown mechanism in the framework. Compared with the prior art, the system is more advanced, more elegant and strong in usability, and the front-end mechanism and the rear-end mechanism in setup \ setdown are also functional in a pytest framework; the test case, the test class and the test session use a texture decorator which is a function method decorated by the decorator and is used for other functions to add extra functions or methods to the functions without any change. The realization principle is a closed-form mode, and a plurality of functions are received as parameters, are packaged and modified inside, and then are returned to a function method which is improved by a plurality of new functions. Py file is created by a root directory of a tested system, and the scope of the texture in the file is all test modules; py file is created in a separate test folder, where the scope of the texture is limited to only the test modules in the test folder. A test module outside the test folder, or a test folder outside the test folder, cannot call the texture function in the conttest.
It should be noted that, in the present application, there is no strict sequential execution order among the steps, and as long as a logical order is met, the steps may be executed simultaneously or according to a certain preset order, and fig. 1 to fig. 5 are only schematic manners, and do not represent only such an execution order.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a corresponding device for the user interface automatic test method, thereby further ensuring that the method has higher practicability. Wherein the means can be described separately from the functional module point of view and the hardware point of view. The following introduces an automated testing apparatus for a user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the automated testing apparatus for a user interface described below and the automated testing method for a user interface described above may be referred to in correspondence with each other.
Based on the angle of the function module, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a structural diagram of an automatic testing apparatus for a user interface according to an embodiment of the present invention, in a specific implementation manner, the apparatus may include:
the test framework building and deploying module 601 is used for building an automatic test framework and deploying the automatic test framework in an automatic test environment; the automatic testing framework positions and packages the page elements in the page object based on the page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, business layer regression and data layer verification.
The UI testing module 602 is configured to, when a UI testing instruction is received, obtain a test case and a corresponding UI automation script, where the UI automation scripts are independent of each other; and calling the UI automation script to execute the automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
Optionally, in some embodiments of this embodiment, the test framework building and deploying module 601 includes a framework building unit, and the framework building unit may be configured to package a browser driver and a target tool into an automated test framework; uniformly packaging the public operation method to a basic test class to form a test public class for operating page elements to be tested, wherein the test class corresponding to each page to be tested inherits the test public class, and managing the page elements of the test class through a browser driver; and packaging the preset behavior operation method into a webpage testing tool.
As an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the frame building unit may be further configured to: packaging the browser driver into an automated testing framework; and packaging any one or any combination of an Excel drive read-write data tool, an Email mail tool, a log recording tool, a configuration tool and a public path storage tool into an automatic test framework.
As another optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the frame building unit may further be configured to:
and packaging the method for realizing the automatic login of the software system to an automatic test framework.
Optionally, in some embodiments of this embodiment, the UI test module 602 may be configured to: dividing a page to be tested into a presentation layer, an operation layer and a business layer based on an automatic testing framework; the presentation layer is used for visualizing the interface elements of the page to be tested, the operation layer is used for executing operation behaviors on the interface elements, and the service layer is a function realized in the operation process of the interface elements; acquiring operation methods of all elements and elements to be operated in a test case, and positioning all elements to be operated on a presentation layer of a page to be tested; calling corresponding page object classes based on the element operation methods, and driving corresponding elements to be operated by using a browser driver so as to simulate corresponding user operation behaviors; and if the exception or the bug occurs in the process of executing the test case, triggering an automatic screenshot function.
As an optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the UI test module 602 may further be configured to: for each element to be operated, if the existence of the current element to be operated is detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is successfully loaded on the page to be tested within a preset waiting time, positioning the current element to be operated in the page to be tested; and if the current element to be operated is not detected in the page to be tested at intervals of the preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is not loaded on the page to be tested successfully within the preset waiting time, the page loading is abnormal.
As another optional implementation manner of this embodiment, the UI test module 602 may further be configured to: recording an execution process of calling a UI automation script to execute an automation test on a page to be tested so as to form a log file; generating an automatic test report according to the execution result of each test case; and outputting the log file, the automatic test report and the screenshot file to a preset target path.
The functions of the functional modules of the user interface automation test device according to the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically implemented according to the method in the above method embodiment, and the specific implementation process may refer to the related description of the above method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the clearness of the test service flow and can accurately count the passing rate of the test cases. The investment of the labor cost of a test team is reduced, the maintenance cost of the test framework is reduced, and the test cost of the whole user interface is effectively reduced. The code redundancy of the automatic testing framework is reduced, and the quality of software products is improved.
The above mentioned user interface automation test device is described from the perspective of functional modules, and further, the present application also provides an electronic device described from the perspective of hardware. Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the electronic device includes a memory 70 for storing a computer program; a processor 71, configured to execute a computer program to implement the steps of the method for automatically testing a user interface according to any of the embodiments described above.
The processor 71 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and the processor 71 may also be a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor or other data processing chip, and the like. The processor 71 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and a PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 71 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor, the main processor is a processor for Processing data in an awake state, and is also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU); a coprocessor is a low power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 71 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content that the display screen needs to display. In some embodiments, the processor 71 may further include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor for processing computing operations related to machine learning.
The memory 70 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. Memory 70 may also include high speed random access memory as well as non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. The memory 70 may in some embodiments be an internal storage unit of the electronic device, for example a hard disk of a server. The memory 70 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on a server, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like. Further, the memory 70 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the electronic device. The memory 70 may be used for storing various data and application software installed in the electronic device, such as: the code of the program that executes the vulnerability handling method, etc. may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output. In this embodiment, the memory 70 is at least used for storing a computer program 701, wherein after being loaded and executed by the processor 71, the computer program can implement the relevant steps of the user interface automation test method disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments. In addition, the resources stored in the memory 70 may also include an operating system 702, data 703, and the like, and the storage manner may be a transient storage or a permanent storage. Operating system 702 may include Windows, Unix, Linux, etc. The data 703 may include, but is not limited to, data corresponding to user interface automation test results, and the like.
In some embodiments, the electronic device may further include a display 72, an input/output interface 73, a communication interface 74, alternatively referred to as a network interface, a power supply 75, and a communication bus 76. The display 72 and the input/output interface 73, such as a Keyboard (Keyboard), belong to a user interface, and the optional user interface may also include a standard wired interface, a wireless interface, and the like. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch device, or the like. The display, which may also be referred to as a display screen or display unit, as appropriate, is used for displaying information processed in the electronic device and for displaying a visualized user interface. The communication interface 74 may optionally include a wired interface and/or a wireless interface, such as a WI-FI interface, a bluetooth interface, etc., typically used to establish a communication connection between an electronic device and other electronic devices. The communication bus 76 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 7, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in fig. 7 is not intended to be limiting of the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than those shown, such as a sensor 77 that performs various functions.
The functions of the functional modules of the electronic device according to the embodiments of the present invention may be specifically implemented according to the method in the above method embodiments, and the specific implementation process may refer to the description related to the above method embodiments, which is not described herein again.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention realizes the clearness of the test service flow and can accurately count the passing rate of the test cases. The investment of the labor cost of a test team is reduced, the maintenance cost of the test framework is reduced, and the test cost of the whole user interface is effectively reduced. The code redundancy of the automatic testing framework is reduced, and the quality of software products is improved.
It is understood that, if the user interface automatic testing method in the above embodiments is implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as a stand-alone product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be substantially or partially implemented in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and executes all or part of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the present application, or all or part of the technical solutions. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card type Memory (e.g., SD or DX Memory, etc.), a magnetic Memory, a removable magnetic disk, a CD-ROM, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by a processor, and the steps of the method for automatically testing the user interface according to any one of the above embodiments are provided.
The functions of the functional modules of the readable storage medium according to the embodiment of the present invention may be specifically implemented according to the method in the foregoing method embodiment, and the specific implementation process may refer to the description related to the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For hardware including devices and electronic equipment disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the hardware includes the devices and the electronic equipment correspond to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be obtained by referring to the description of the method.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing details an automated testing method and apparatus for a user interface, an electronic device, and a readable storage medium provided by the present application. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A user interface automated testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
an automatic testing frame is set up in advance and deployed in an automatic testing environment; the automatic testing framework positions and encapsulates page elements in a page object based on a page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, service layer regression and data layer verification;
when a UI test instruction is received, obtaining a test case and a corresponding UI automation script, wherein the UI automation scripts are independent of each other;
and calling the UI automation script to execute an automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
2. The method for automated testing of a user interface according to claim 1, wherein the building of an automated testing framework comprises:
packaging a browser driver and a target tool into the automated testing framework;
uniformly packaging a public operation method to a basic test class to form a test public class for operating the page elements to be tested, wherein the test class corresponding to each page to be tested inherits the test public class, and managing the page elements of the test class through the browser driver;
and packaging the preset behavior operation method into a webpage testing tool.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein packaging a browser driver and a target tool into the automated testing framework comprises:
packaging the browser driver into the automated test framework;
and packaging any one or any combination of an Excel drive read-write data tool, an Email mail tool, a log recording tool, a configuration tool and a public path storage tool into the automatic test framework.
4. The method for automated testing of a user interface according to claim 2, wherein the building of an automated testing framework comprises:
and packaging the method for realizing the automatic login of the software system to the automatic test framework.
5. The method for automatically testing the user interface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the invoking the UI automation script to execute an automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case comprises:
dividing the page to be tested into a presentation layer, an operation layer and a business layer based on the automatic testing framework; the presentation layer is used for visualizing the interface elements of the page to be tested, the operation layer is used for executing operation behaviors on the interface elements, and the service layer is a function realized in the operation process of the interface elements;
acquiring operation methods of all elements and elements to be operated in the test case, and positioning all elements to be operated on a presentation layer of the page to be tested;
calling corresponding page object classes based on the element operation methods, and driving corresponding elements to be operated by using the browser driver so as to simulate corresponding user operation behaviors;
and if the test case is abnormal or vulnerable in the process of executing the test case, triggering an automatic screenshot function.
6. The method for automatically testing the user interface according to claim 5, wherein the positioning each element to be operated on the presentation layer of the page to be tested comprises:
for each element to be operated, if the existence of the current element to be operated is detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is successfully loaded on the page to be tested within a preset waiting time, positioning the current element to be operated in the page to be tested;
and if the current element to be operated is not detected in the page to be tested at intervals of preset monitoring time or the current element to be operated is not loaded on the page to be tested successfully within a preset waiting time, the page loading is abnormal.
7. The method for automatically testing the user interface according to claim 5, wherein the invoking the UI automation script to execute the automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case comprises:
recording an execution process of calling the UI automation script to execute an automation test on a page to be tested so as to form a log file;
generating an automatic test report according to the execution result of each test case;
and outputting the log file, the automatic test report and the screenshot file to a preset target path.
8. A user interface automated testing apparatus, comprising:
the test framework building and deploying module is used for building an automatic test framework and deploying the automatic test framework in an automatic test environment; the automatic testing framework positions and encapsulates page elements in a page object based on a page object model, and adopts a separation mode of UI layer operation, service layer regression and data layer verification;
the UI test module is used for acquiring a test case and a corresponding UI automation script when a UI test instruction is received, and the UI automation scripts are independent of one another; and calling the UI automation script to execute an automated test on the page to be tested based on the automated test framework and the test case.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the processor being configured to implement the steps of the method for automated testing of a user interface according to any of claims 1 to 7 when executing a computer program stored in the memory.
10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium has stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the user interface automated testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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