CN113776955A - Concrete high-temperature compression performance test device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete high-temperature compression performance test device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention provides a concrete high-temperature compression performance test device and a test method thereof, wherein the test device comprises: the device comprises loading equipment, heating equipment and a deformation acquisition device; the loading equipment comprises a base and an upper pressing plate, wherein a plurality of stand columns are fixedly connected to the base, the upper pressing plate is connected to the base through the stand columns, and the stand columns penetrate through the upper pressing plate and then are in threaded connection with nuts; the concrete test piece is correspondingly placed between the base and the upper pressure plate, and the nut is fastened to enable the upper pressure plate to apply pressure to the concrete test piece along the upright post; the deformation acquisition device comprises strain gauges and strain acquisition instruments, wherein the strain gauges are correspondingly distributed on the concrete test piece and the stand column; the high-temperature furnace and the loading equipment are used for respectively loading temperature and axial stress, the environmental requirements of a concrete high-temperature compression test are simply and efficiently completed, the stress deformation and the performance degradation mechanism of the concrete under the high-temperature condition are researched by analyzing the strain data of a concrete test piece, and the technical support is provided for researching the high-temperature and fire-resistant performance of the concrete material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete compression performance tests, and particularly relates to a concrete high-temperature compression performance test device and a test method thereof.
Background
Concrete is one of the most widely used and used building materials in civil engineering, especially in above ground building structures. In recent years, with the continuous acceleration of urbanization progress in China, urban population density and the number of high-rise buildings are rapidly increased, the use functions of the buildings gradually tend to be diversified and compounded, and fire disasters of concrete structure buildings frequently occur. In the fire process, the building structure concrete is subjected to the double effects of building load and high temperature. Therefore, the research on the load deformation and the performance degradation mechanism of the concrete under the high-temperature condition is particularly important, and the method is helpful for accurately evaluating the durability and the service function of the concrete structure, particularly the concrete column after the fire.
The means for researching the mechanical property of the high-temperature concrete material is mainly an indoor test, and the method generally comprises the steps of cooling a concrete test piece at a high temperature and then carrying out a loading test to research the strength and the deformation characteristic of the concrete material. Obviously, the method is not consistent with the actual loading condition of the concrete structure in the fire process, and the obtained concrete material test result is greatly different from the actual compression mechanical property of the concrete at high temperature in the fire.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a concrete high-temperature compression performance testing device with a simple structure and low cost and a testing method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a concrete high temperature compression performance test device, the test device includes: the device comprises loading equipment, heating equipment and a deformation acquisition device;
the loading equipment comprises a base and an upper pressing plate, wherein a plurality of stand columns are fixedly connected to the base, the upper pressing plate is connected to the base through the stand columns, and the stand columns penetrate through the upper pressing plate and then are in threaded connection with nuts; the concrete test piece is correspondingly placed between the base and the upper pressure plate, and the nut is fastened to enable the upper pressure plate to apply pressure to the concrete test piece along the upright post;
the deformation acquisition device comprises a strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, wherein the strain gauge comprises an axial strain gauge and a circumferential strain gauge;
two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece;
the loading device is placed in the heating device to heat the concrete test piece, and the strain acquisition instrument located outside the heating device is electrically connected with the strain gauges to acquire strain data of the strain gauges.
And each upright post is provided with two axial strain gauges which are symmetrical about the middle part of the upright post.
Preferably, the base is a regular quadrilateral plate, and the upright posts are correspondingly distributed at four corners of the base;
and a lower groove corresponding to the concrete test piece is arranged at the center of the base.
Preferably, the upper pressure plate is a regular quadrilateral plate, and four corners of the upper pressure plate are distributed with four through holes corresponding to the upright posts; an upper groove corresponding to the lower groove is arranged at the center of the upper pressure plate.
Preferably, the upper groove and the lower groove are both circular, the concrete sample is a cylinder, and the diameter of the upper groove and the diameter of the lower groove are 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the cylinder.
Preferably, circular cushion blocks corresponding to the concrete test piece are arranged in the upper groove and the lower groove.
Preferably, the circular cushion block, the base, the upper pressure plate, the upright post and the screw cap are made of high-temperature resistant materials, the high-temperature resistant materials are specifically nickel-based alloys, the nickel-based alloys have a series of excellent performances such as high temperature resistance, high hardness, corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and the like, the tensile strength of the nickel-based alloys reaches 550-790MPa, and the mechanical properties of the nickel-based alloys are basically kept unchanged at the temperature of 1000 ℃.
The strain gauge is a high-temperature-resistant strain gauge, in particular to an iron-nickel-aluminum alloy strain gauge.
Preferably, the pressure applied by the upper pressure plate to the concrete sample is determined according to the following formula:
P＝kε
in the formula, P is an axial stress value; k is the column elastic modulus; epsilon is the average value of axial strain of the four upright posts; e ═ e (e)1+ε2+ε3+ε4)/4，ε1、ε2、ε3And ε4The axial strain values of the four upright posts are respectively.
Preferably, the temperature rising equipment is a high-temperature furnace, and the high-temperature furnace heats the concrete sample according to a preset temperature rising curve.
A method for testing high-temperature compression performance of concrete, comprising the following steps:
step S1, placing the high-temperature-resistant circular cushion block in a lower groove of loading equipment, and placing the cylindrical concrete sample on the circular cushion block in the lower groove; placing the other circular cushion block on the upper surface of the concrete sample, and correspondingly connecting the upper pressure plate with the upright column to enable the upper groove to cover the circular cushion block at the upper end of the concrete sample; adjusting the positions of the concrete test piece and the circular cushion block to ensure that the concrete test piece is coaxially distributed with the upper groove and the lower groove;
step S2, pasting a strain gauge, correspondingly connecting the strain gauge with a strain acquisition instrument, and starting the strain acquisition instrument; wherein the strain gauges include an axial strain gauge and a hoop strain gauge;
two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece;
step S3, correspondingly connecting a nut to the external thread at the upper end of the upright post;
step S4, synchronously screwing four nuts through a bolt fastening device to enable the axial pressure of the concrete test piece to reach a preset pressure, and correspondingly measuring strain data of each strain gauge;
step S5, standing for 5-10min to make the concrete sample reach a balanced state;
step S6, placing the loading device and the concrete test piece into a high-temperature furnace, and heating the concrete test piece according to a standard fire heating curve specified by international standard ISO 834; strain data of the strain gauge are collected and stored through a strain collector;
and step S6, after heating, closing the high-temperature furnace, cooling the loading equipment and the concrete sample, and taking out the concrete sample to finish the test.
Has the advantages that: the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, capability of respectively loading temperature and axial stress through the high-temperature furnace and the loading equipment, simply and efficiently meeting the environmental requirements of the high-temperature compression test of the concrete, carrying out the research on the load deformation and the performance degradation mechanism of the concrete under the high-temperature condition by analyzing the strain data of the concrete test piece, and providing technical support for researching the high-temperature and fire-resistant performance of the concrete material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a loading apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of strain gauge distribution on a concrete sample provided in an embodiment of the present invention; .
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. an upper pressure plate; 3. a nut; 4. a column; 5. a concrete sample; 6. a circular cushion block; 7. an axial strain gauge; 8. and (4) a circumferential strain gauge.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a concrete high temperature compression performance testing device comprises: the device comprises loading equipment, heating equipment and a deformation acquisition device; the loading device comprises a base 1 and an upper pressing plate 2, wherein a plurality of upright posts 4 are fixedly connected to the base 1, the upper pressing plate 2 is connected to the base 1 through the upright posts 4, and the upright posts 4 penetrate through the upper pressing plate 2 and then are in threaded connection with nuts 3; the concrete test piece 5 is correspondingly placed between the base 1 and the upper pressure plate 2, and the nut 3 is fastened to enable the upper pressure plate 2 to apply pressure to the concrete test piece 5 along the upright post 4; the deformation acquisition device comprises strain gauges and a strain acquisition instrument, wherein the strain gauges comprise axial strain gauges and annular strain gauges, and two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece, so that ten axial strain data and two annular strain data are obtained. The loading device is placed inside the temperature rising device to heat the concrete test piece 5, and the strain acquisition instruments positioned outside the temperature rising device are electrically connected with the strain gauges to acquire strain data of the strain gauges.
The temperature rise and the axial stress loading are respectively carried out through a high-temperature furnace and loading equipment, the strain data of the concrete test piece 5 are analyzed through a strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, and the load deformation and the performance degradation mechanism of the concrete under the high-temperature condition are researched.
The base 1 is a regular quadrilateral plate, and the upright posts 4 are correspondingly distributed at four corners of the base 1; a lower groove corresponding to the concrete sample 5 is arranged at the center of the base 1. The upper pressing plate 2 is a regular quadrilateral plate, and four corners of the upper pressing plate 2 are distributed with four through holes corresponding to the upright posts 4; an upper groove corresponding to the lower groove is arranged at the center of the upper pressure plate 2. The pressure applied by the upper pressing plate 2 to the concrete sample 5 is relatively balanced.
In this embodiment, the upper groove and the lower groove are both circular, the concrete sample 5 is a cylinder, and the diameter of the upper groove and the diameter of the lower groove are 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the cylinder.
Circular cushion blocks 6 corresponding to the concrete test pieces 5 are arranged in the upper groove and the lower groove, and the circular cushion blocks 6 are made of high-temperature-resistant materials.
In the embodiment, the circular cushion block 6, the base 1, the upper pressure plate 2, the upright post 4 and the screw cap 3 are all made of high-temperature resistant materials; the high-temperature resistant material is specifically a nickel-based alloy which has a series of excellent performances such as high temperature resistance, high hardness, corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and the like, the tensile strength of the nickel-based alloy reaches 550-790MPa, and the mechanical properties of the nickel-based alloy are basically kept unchanged at the temperature of 1000 ℃. The strain gauge is a high-temperature-resistant strain gauge, in particular to an iron-nickel-aluminum alloy strain gauge. Has stable characteristic in high temperature environment, and meets the test requirement in high temperature environment.
The pressure applied by the upper platen 2 to the concrete specimen 5 is determined according to the following formula:
P＝kε
in the formula, P is an axial stress value; k is the column elastic modulus; epsilon is the average value of axial strain of the four upright posts; e ═ e (e)1+ε2+ε3+ε4)/4，ε1、ε2、ε3And ε4The axial strain values of the four upright posts are respectively.
The temperature rising device is a high-temperature furnace, and the high-temperature furnace heats the concrete sample 5 according to a preset temperature rising curve. The inner space of the high-temperature furnace meets the test requirement, and the high-temperature furnace is provided with a control device and can heat according to a preset temperature rising curve.
The invention also provides a method for testing the high-temperature compression performance of concrete, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, placing the high-temperature-resistant circular cushion block 6 in a lower groove of loading equipment, and placing the cylindrical concrete test piece 5 on the circular cushion block 6 in the lower groove; placing another circular cushion block 6 on the upper surface of the concrete sample 5, and correspondingly connecting the upper pressure plate 2 with the upright post 4 to enable the upper groove to cover the circular cushion block 6 at the upper end of the concrete sample 5; adjusting the positions of the concrete test piece 5 and the circular cushion block 6 to ensure that the concrete test piece 5 is coaxially distributed with the upper groove and the lower groove;
step S2, pasting a strain gauge, correspondingly connecting the strain gauge with a strain acquisition instrument, and starting the strain acquisition instrument; wherein the strain gauge comprises an axial strain gauge and a circumferential strain gauge;
two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece;
step S3, correspondingly connecting the screw cap 3 to the external thread at the upper end of the upright post 4;
step S4, synchronously screwing the four nuts 3 through the bolt fastening device, so that the axial pressure of the concrete test piece 5 reaches a preset pressure, and correspondingly measuring the strain data of each strain gauge;
step S5, standing for 5-10min to enable the concrete sample 5 to reach an equilibrium state;
step S6, placing the loading device and the concrete test piece 5 into a high-temperature furnace, and heating the concrete test piece according to a standard fire heating curve specified by international standard ISO 834; strain data of the strain gauge are collected and stored through a strain collector;
and step S6, after heating, closing the high-temperature furnace, cooling the loading equipment and the concrete test piece 5, and taking out the concrete test piece 5 to finish the test.
The strain acquisition instrument is a common acquisition instrument and has a strain continuous acquisition function. The strain gauge has sixteen or more channels.
In step S4, the four nuts 3 are synchronously fastened by the intelligent bolt fastening device, and one nut 3 is added to each upright post 4 to strengthen the limit of the upper pressure plate.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a concrete high temperature compression performance test device which characterized in that, test device includes: the device comprises loading equipment, heating equipment and a deformation acquisition device;
the loading equipment comprises a base and an upper pressing plate, wherein a plurality of stand columns are fixedly connected to the base, the upper pressing plate is connected to the base through the stand columns, and the stand columns penetrate through the upper pressing plate and then are in threaded connection with nuts; the concrete test piece is correspondingly placed between the base and the upper pressure plate, and the nut is fastened to enable the upper pressure plate to apply pressure to the concrete test piece along the upright post;
the deformation acquisition device comprises a strain gauge and a strain acquisition instrument, wherein the strain gauge comprises an axial strain gauge and a circumferential strain gauge;
two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece;
the loading device is placed in the heating device to heat the concrete test piece, and the strain acquisition instrument located outside the heating device is electrically connected with the strain gauges to acquire strain data of the strain gauges.
2. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the base is a regular quadrilateral plate, and the upright columns are correspondingly distributed at four corners of the base;
and a lower groove corresponding to the concrete test piece is arranged at the center of the base.
3. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 2, wherein the upper pressure plate is a regular quadrilateral plate, and four perforations corresponding to the upright columns are distributed at four corners of the upper pressure plate; an upper groove corresponding to the lower groove is arranged at the center of the upper pressure plate.
4. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 3, wherein the upper groove and the lower groove are both circular, the concrete sample is a cylinder, and the diameter of the upper groove and the diameter of the lower groove are 1-2mm larger than the diameter of the cylinder.
5. The concrete high temperature compression performance test device of claim 4,
circular cushion blocks corresponding to the concrete test piece are arranged in the upper groove and the lower groove.
6. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 5, wherein the circular cushion block, the base, the upper pressing plate, the upright post and the screw cap are made of high-temperature resistant materials;
the strain gauge is a high temperature resistant strain gauge.
7. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure applied by the upper pressure plate to the concrete sample is determined according to the following formula:
P＝kε
in the formula, P is an axial stress value; k is the column elastic modulus; epsilon is the average value of axial strain of the four upright posts; e ═ e (e)1+ε2+ε3+ε4)/4，ε1、ε2、ε3And ε4The axial strain values of the four upright posts are respectively.
8. The concrete high-temperature compression performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature raising equipment is a high-temperature furnace, and the high-temperature furnace heats the concrete sample according to a standard fire temperature raising curve specified by international standard ISO 834.
9. A method for testing the high-temperature compression performance of concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, placing the high-temperature-resistant circular cushion block in a lower groove of loading equipment, and placing the cylindrical concrete sample on the circular cushion block in the lower groove; placing the other circular cushion block on the upper surface of the concrete sample, and correspondingly connecting the upper pressure plate with the upright column to enable the upper groove to cover the circular cushion block at the upper end of the concrete sample; adjusting the positions of the concrete test piece and the circular cushion block to ensure that the concrete test piece is coaxially distributed with the upper groove and the lower groove;
step S2, pasting a strain gauge, correspondingly connecting the strain gauge with a strain acquisition instrument, and starting the strain acquisition instrument; wherein the strain gauge comprises an axial strain gauge and a circumferential strain gauge;
two axial strain gauges are arranged on the outer side surface of each upright post and the outer side surface of the concrete test piece; the two axial strain gauge positions on the concrete test piece are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece and are positioned on a cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis; two axial strain gauges on the upright post are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the upright post and are positioned on a cross section passing through the middle point of the axis of the upright post;
the outer side surface of the concrete test piece is also provided with two annular strain gauges which are symmetrically distributed about the axis of the concrete test piece, and the two annular strain gauges are positioned on the cross section passing through the midpoint of the axis of the concrete test piece and staggered with the two axial strain gauges by 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the concrete test piece;
step S3, correspondingly connecting a nut to the external thread at the upper end of the upright post;
step S4, synchronously screwing four nuts through a bolt fastening device to enable the axial pressure of the concrete test piece to reach a preset pressure, and correspondingly measuring strain data of each strain gauge;
step S5, standing for 5-10min to make the concrete sample reach a balanced state;
step S6, placing the loading device and the concrete test piece into a high-temperature furnace, and heating the concrete test piece according to a standard fire heating curve specified by international standard ISO 834; strain data of the strain gauge are collected and stored through a strain collector;
and step S6, after heating, closing the high-temperature furnace, cooling the loading equipment and the concrete sample, and taking out the concrete sample to finish the test.
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| CN113776955B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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