CN113774275A - 一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板及其制备方法,属于合金钢技术领域。该钢板的化学成分按重量百分含量为:C:0.15‑0.20;Mn:0.5‑2.0;Si:0.3‑1.0;Cr:0.50‑1.50;Ni:0.20‑0.8;Mo:0.20‑0.40;Ti:0.40‑0.80;S≤0.03;P≤0.03;余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。本发明能够满足泥沙输送管道制造要求。硬度HB300的材料耐磨性能可与NM360相当,硬度HB360的材料耐磨性能与NM450相当。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合金钢技术领域,具体涉及一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板及其制备方法。
背景技术
泥沙输送管道受复杂的环境作用(粗沙、块石、碎石、沙混卵石的复杂土质等),磨损失效较为严重。现采用的16Mn钢管道在常规介质条件下寿命约为1-2年,而在含铁板砂、珊瑚岩等硬颗粒介质条件下其使用寿命一般不超过6个月。管道的频繁更换导致施工效率降低,施工成本提高。而采用硬度大于HB400的钢板,但由于硬度过高,导致卷管非常困难,成型效率很低,钢管制造成本远高于普通钢,难以实现大规模推广应用。因此,如何在不提高硬度的前提下大幅改善钢的耐磨性,成为当前冶金和耐磨行业亟待解决的关键技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决现有高硬度耐磨钢焊接性能及加工性能差、工艺生产成本高、生产效率低等难以满足管道制造要求的难题,本发明提供一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板其制备方法,即,一种超硬粒子增强型马氏体耐磨钢及其钢板制备方法,其耐磨性可达相同硬度传统马氏体耐磨钢的1.5倍。超硬粒子选择硬度HV≥3000的 TiC析出相,析出相平均尺寸约为1m,体积分数为0.5-1.5%。这些超硬TiC粒子提高耐磨性原理是:阻止磨粒磨损犁沟的通过,或者破碎磨粒、钝化磨粒尖角,显著减轻基体的磨损失重。
该耐磨钢的化学组成按重量百分含量(wt.%)为:C:0.15-0.20;Mn:0.5-2.0; Si:0.3-1.0;Cr:0.50-1.50;Ni:0.20-0.8;Mo:0.20-0.40;Ti:0.40-0.80;S≤0.03; P≤0.03余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。
本发明各元素的作用及配比依据如下:
碳:提高钢的淬透性,具有强烈的固溶强化作用,显著提高马氏体钢的强度和硬度;适当含量的碳与钛结合形成微米级TiC粒子,可显著改善耐磨性。本发明钢控制碳含量为0.10-0.20%,基体硬度HB280到360,有效碳含量0.08%到0.13%,考虑到TiC中C元素,钢中C含量与基体碳含量关系为:C基=C钢-Ti/4;本发明钢中控制的范围0.15-0.20%。
硅:钢中脱氧元素之一,同时具有一定的固溶强化作用,但过量的硅对钢的韧性及焊接性能不利。综合上述考虑,本发明钢硅含量范围为0.30-0.60wt.%。
锰:明显提高钢的淬透性,同时具有一定的固溶强化作用。本发明钢锰含量范围为0.50-2.0wt.%。
钛:作为强碳化物形成元素,与碳结合形成硬度HV大于3000的超硬粒子TiC,显著改善钢的耐磨性。本发明控制钛含量0.40-0.80wt.%,所形成的TiC粒子体积分数约为0.5-1.5%,平均粒度约为1m。过多的TiC粒子恶化材料的塑性及韧性,过少的粒子不能有效提高材料的耐磨性。
钼:显著提高钢的淬透性,降低回火脆性,提高钢的耐延迟断裂性能。同时,钼可溶入TiC形成(TiMo)C,提高TiC颗粒的体积分数。本发明控制钼含量范围为0.20-0.40wt.%。
铬:提高钢的淬透性和耐腐蚀磨损性能,但过高的铬降低加工性和焊接性,本发明控制铬含量范围为0.50-0.80wt.%。
镍:提高钢的淬透性,显著改善低温韧性,提高钢的耐蚀性能。本发明控制镍含量范围为0.20-0.80wt.%。
磷、硫作为杂质元素严重损害钢的韧塑性,含量分别控制在S≤0.005wt.%,P ≤0.015wt.%。
该耐磨钢的制备方法,依次包括:转炉或电炉冶炼、炉外精炼、板坯连铸(模铸)、加热、控制轧制、控制冷却、热处理。
连铸坯或铸锭开坯后在加热炉中加热,加热温度为1050-1220℃,时间为1-5小时。加热温度高于1220℃,铸造过程中形成的TiC粒子会部分溶解于奥氏体中,降低耐磨性;加热温度低于1050℃,钢板变形抗力过大,轧制困难。
采用中厚板轧机轧制或热连轧。中厚板轧机轧制工艺为:粗轧轧制3-8道次,精轧轧制5-14道次,精轧终轧温度为850-950℃,轧后空冷或加速冷却,终冷温度为 300-700℃。空冷过程中或加速冷却后对钢板进行矫直。热连轧工艺为:粗轧轧制3-8 道次,将铸坯轧制成20-60mm厚度的中间坯,然后经6或7机架热连轧,终轧温度为850-950℃,轧后经层流冷却后卷取成钢卷,卷取温度为300-700℃。将钢卷开平后剪切成钢板,并在矫直机上进行矫直。
钢板热处理,包括淬火和回火。
淬火加热温度为860~940℃,加热时间为5-60分钟,钢板加热后水淬。过高的加热温度使奥氏体晶粒粗化,降低钢的韧塑性;过低的加热温度则明显降低钢的淬透性和厚规格钢板的心部硬度,不利于耐磨性。
回火温度为100-250℃,保温时间10-120分钟,保温后空冷。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
通过上述工艺,该耐磨钢由于TiC耐磨增强相的析出,耐磨性可达到NM450的水平,该耐磨钢的基体组织为板条马氏体,同时基体中包含体积分数约为0.5-1.5%的TiC析出相,析出物颗粒尺寸平均约为1um(如图1)。材料的屈服强度小于1000MPa,抗拉强度小于1100MPa,室温冲击功大于20J,硬度HB280-360,成型性能及焊接性能优良,能够满足泥沙输送管道制造要求。硬度HB300的材料耐磨性能可与NM360 相当,硬度HB360的材料耐磨性能与NM450相当。
附图说明
图1为本发明的金相组织。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明的化学组成按重量百分含量为C:0.2;Si:0.43;Mn:1.54;Cr:0.82; Ni:0.75;Mo:0.31;Ti:0.51;S:0.005;P:0.005;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。制造工艺:转炉冶炼,LF精炼,RH精炼,板坯连铸,采用中厚板轧机轧制,加热炉加热温度1200℃,精轧终轧温度860℃,轧制厚度15mm,轧后空冷。热处理工艺:奥氏体化温度880℃,保温时间0.5小时,水淬至室温,然后200℃回火1小时空冷至室温。
实施例2
本发明的化学组成按重量百分含量为C:0.19;Si:0.48;Mn:0.92;Cr:1.21; Ni:0.51;Mo:0.32,Ti:0.42,S:0.005;P:0.015;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。制造工艺:转炉冶炼,LF精炼,板坯连铸,采用中厚板轧机轧制,加热炉加热温度 1180℃,精轧终轧温度900℃,轧制厚度20mm,轧后空冷。热处理工艺:奥氏体化温度900℃,保温时间0.5小时,水淬至室温,然后200℃回火1小时空冷至室温。
实施例3
本发明的化学组成按重量百分含量为C:0.15;Si:0.38;Mn:1.12;Cr:1.21; Ni:0.80;Mo:0.35,Ti:0.45,S:0.003;P:0.012;余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。制造工艺:转炉冶炼,LF精炼,板坯连铸,采用热连轧轧机轧制,加热炉加热温度1180℃,精轧终轧温度900℃,轧制厚度10mm,轧后空冷。热处理工艺:奥氏体化温度900℃,保温时间0.5小时,水淬至室温,然后200℃回火1小时空冷至室温。
表1本发明实施例与NM360和NM450力学性能和耐磨性检测对比
本发明未详细说明的内容均可采用本领域的常规技术知识。
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.一种泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板,其特征在于,所述泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板的化学成分按重量百分含量计为:C:0.15-0.20%;Mn:0.5-2.0%;Si:0.3-1.0%;Cr:0.50-1.50%;Ni:0.20-0.8%;Mo:0.20-0.40%;Ti:0.40-0.80%;S≤0.03%;P≤0.03%;余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板,其特征在于,所述泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板的屈服强度小于1000MPa,抗拉强度小于1100MPa,室温冲击功大于20J,硬度HB280-360。
3.一种权利要求1或2任一所述泥沙输送管道用易成型高耐磨钢板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)转炉或电炉冶炼、炉外精炼处理后,板坯连铸;
2)连铸板坯后依次进行加热,轧制,冷却,热处理,其中,加热温度为1050-1220℃,时间为1-5小时;所述轧制工艺为中厚板轧机轧制或热连轧,热处理包括淬火和回火。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中中厚板轧机轧制工艺为:粗轧轧制3-8道次,精轧轧制5-14道次,精轧终轧温度为850-950℃,轧后空冷或加速冷却,终冷温度为300-700℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中热连轧工艺为:粗轧轧制3-8道次,将铸坯轧制成20-60mm厚度的中间坯,然后经6或7机架热连轧,终轧温度为850-950℃,轧后经层流冷却后卷取成钢卷,卷取温度为300-700℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中淬火加热温度为860~940℃,加热时间为5-60分钟,回火温度为100-250℃,保温时间10-120分钟。
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