CN113770463B - Micro stepped hole machining method based on electrode loss - Google Patents

Micro stepped hole machining method based on electrode loss Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113770463B
CN113770463B CN202111138937.1A CN202111138937A CN113770463B CN 113770463 B CN113770463 B CN 113770463B CN 202111138937 A CN202111138937 A CN 202111138937A CN 113770463 B CN113770463 B CN 113770463B
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hole
value
base hole
discharge electrode
determining
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CN113770463A (en
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徐斌
冯涛
雷建国
伍晓宇
付连宇
朱立宽
赵航
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/14Making holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H1/00Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H1/00Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
    • B23H1/04Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23HWORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H11/00Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The method comprises the steps of determining a processing sequence and size parameters of each basic hole in the micro stepped hole by obtaining a structural model of the micro stepped hole, determining a previous basic hole of a current basic hole according to the processing sequence, and determining a length loss value of a discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is processed; and determining the feeding parameters of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameters of the current base hole and the length loss value. The feeding parameters of the main shaft in the machining of the current base hole are calculated by the aid of the loss of the single discharge electrode in the previous base hole in the length direction, the discharge electrode in the method is not required to be replaced, repeated clamping errors of micro cutters with different sizes in a traditional process method are avoided, machining precision of the micro stepped hole is effectively improved, the process flow is short, and machining efficiency of the micro stepped hole is improved.

Description

Micro stepped hole machining method based on electrode loss
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electric spark machine tool drilling, in particular to a micro stepped hole machining method based on electrode loss.
Background
At present, micro stepped holes are widely applied to the fields of precision molds, automobiles, medical instruments and the like. The step-by-step processing of a workpiece by micro drills or micro milling cutters of different sizes is the main process for obtaining micro stepped holes. In the process method, the clamping errors are easily introduced by the repeated clamping of the micro drill bits or the micro milling cutters with different sizes, so that the machining precision of the micro stepped hole is influenced, and the process is complicated by the repeated clamping of the micro drill bits or the micro milling cutters.
In the field of hole machining, the machining requirement of the stepped hole can be met through an electric spark machining process. The appearance structure of the electrode used in the traditional electric spark machining needs to be consistent with the structural shape to be machined, the electrode is prepared into a trapezoidal structure and can be correspondingly prepared into a stepped hole, but for millimeter-level and micron-level micro stepped holes, the traditional electric spark machining process is difficult to machine the micro stepped hole with better efficiency due to the loss problem in the electrode machining process and the preparation difficulty of the millimeter-level micro stepped hole.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application is proposed to provide a micro-step hole machining method based on electrode loss that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
The method is applied to the processing of an electric spark machine tool, a metal workpiece to be processed is arranged on a workbench of the electric spark machine tool, a discharge electrode corresponding to the processing surface of the workpiece to be processed is vertically arranged on a main shaft of the electric spark machine tool, the discharge electrode and the workpiece to be processed are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a pulse power supply, and the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining a structural model of the micro stepped hole, and determining a processing sequence and size parameters of each basic hole in the micro stepped hole;
determining a previous basic hole of the current basic hole and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined according to the machining sequence;
and determining the feeding parameter of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value.
Preferably, the determining a previous base hole of a current base hole according to the machining sequence and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after machining of the previous base hole include:
and determining the length loss value according to a first length value of the discharge electrode before the previous basic hole is machined and a second length value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined.
Preferably, the determining the feeding parameters of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value includes:
determining an axial feeding value of the main shaft according to the depth value of the current base hole and the length loss value;
determining a radial feeding value of the main shaft according to the diameter value of the current base hole and the diameter value of the discharge electrode; wherein the feed parameters of the spindle include the axial feed value and the radial feed value.
Preferably, the determining a radial feed value of the main shaft according to the diameter value of the current base hole and the diameter value of the discharge electrode further includes:
determining the radius value of the revolution motion of the spindle around the axis of the previous base hole according to the radial feeding value;
and when the axial feeding value of the initial feeding of the main shaft reaches the length loss value, controlling the main shaft to radially feed to a radial feeding value, and performing revolution motion by using the radius value.
Preferably, after determining the feeding parameter of the spindle to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value, the method includes:
determining a first initial coordinate of the main shaft corresponding to the previous basic hole;
generating a second initial coordinate of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the length loss value and the first initial coordinate;
and after the spindle is fed according to the feeding parameters, the spindle backs to the second initial coordinate.
Preferably, the previous base hole is coaxial with the current base hole.
Preferably, the discharge electrode is a cylinder, and the diameter value of the discharge electrode is greater than the radius value of the current base hole.
Preferably, the discharge electrode is made of one of cast iron, steel, graphite and copper alloy.
Preferably, the diameter of the former basic hole is 250-750 μm, the diameter of the current basic hole is 250-750 μm, and the diameter of the current basic hole is larger than that of the former basic hole.
Preferably, the sum of the depth value of the previous base hole and the depth value of the current base hole is 0.5 to 1.5mm.
The application has the following advantages:
determining a processing sequence and size parameters of each basic hole in the micro stepped hole by obtaining a structure model of the micro stepped hole, and determining a previous basic hole of a current basic hole and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is processed according to the processing sequence; and determining the feeding parameter of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value. The feeding parameters of the main shaft in the current base hole machining process are calculated by the aid of the loss of the single discharge electrode in the previous base hole in the length direction, the discharge electrode in the method is not replaced, repeated clamping errors of micro cutters of different sizes in a traditional process method are avoided, machining accuracy of the micro stepped hole is effectively improved, the process flow is short, and machining efficiency of the micro stepped hole is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a micro-step hole machining method based on electrode wear in one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a first base hole prior to machining in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first base hole machined in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second base hole before being machined in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the principal axis offset in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a second base hole machined according to an embodiment of the present application;
in the figure: 10. a main shaft; 20. a discharge electrode; 30. a workpiece to be processed; 40. a first base hole; 50. a second base hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, a micro stepped hole processing method based on electrode loss is applied to electric discharge machine tool processing, a metal workpiece to be processed is arranged on a workbench of the electric discharge machine tool, a discharge electrode corresponding to a processing surface of the workpiece to be processed is vertically arranged on a main shaft of the electric discharge machine tool, and the discharge electrode and the workpiece to be processed are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a pulse power supply, and the method includes the following steps:
s1, obtaining a structural model of the micro stepped hole, and determining a processing sequence and size parameters of each basic hole in the micro stepped hole;
s2, determining a previous basic hole of the current basic hole and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined according to the machining sequence;
and S3, determining the feeding parameters of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameters of the current base hole and the length loss value.
Determining a machining sequence and size parameters of each base hole in the micro stepped hole by acquiring a structural model of the micro stepped hole, and determining a previous base hole of a current base hole and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after the previous base hole is machined according to the machining sequence; and determining the feeding parameters of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameters of the current base hole and the length loss value. The feeding parameters of the main shaft in the machining of the current base hole are calculated by the aid of the loss of the single discharge electrode in the previous base hole in the length direction, the discharge electrode in the method is not required to be replaced, repeated clamping errors of micro cutters with different sizes in a traditional process method are avoided, machining precision of the micro stepped hole is effectively improved, the process flow is short, and machining efficiency of the micro stepped hole is improved.
It should be noted that, in the electric spark machining, both poles of the pulse power supply are immersed in a liquid medium (usually kerosene, mineral oil or deionized water) with a certain degree of insulation. The discharge electrode is controlled by an automatic feeding adjusting device to ensure that a small discharge gap (0.01-0.05 mm) is maintained between the tool and the workpiece during normal processing. When pulse voltage is applied between two electrodes, the liquid medium at the nearest point between electrodes under the current condition is broken down to form a discharge channel. Since the cross-sectional area of the channel is small and the discharge time is extremely short, the energy is highly concentrated (10-107W/mm), and the instantaneous high temperature generated in the discharge area is sufficient to partially melt and even evaporate the surface portion of the workpiece to be machined, so that a small pit is formed. After the first pulse discharge is finished, a short interval time is passed, and the second pulse is in turn discharged at the closest point between the two electrodes. The discharge electrode is continuously fed to the workpiece, and the shape of the discharge electrode is finally copied on the workpiece to form the required machining surface. At the same time, a part of the total energy is also discharged to the discharge electrode, thereby causing the loss of the discharge electrode.
The method is suitable for the requirements of processing the surface hole of the workpiece to be processed, and is particularly suitable for processing the micro stepped hole. The method continues to use the traditional step hole processing steps, namely, firstly, forming a prefabricated hole (a first basic hole), then forming a hole (a second basic hole) on the basis of the prefabricated hole, reprocessing the processed surface of the previous basic hole, and repeatedly forming the multi-stage step hole.
Next, referring to fig. 2 to 6, a method of machining a micro stepped hole based on electrode loss in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
The former base hole is the first base hole 40 in the drawing, and the current base hole is the second base hole 50 in the drawing.
In one embodiment, as shown in step S2, the determining a previous base hole of the current base hole according to the machining sequence and the length loss value of the discharge electrode after the machining of the previous base hole include:
and determining the length loss value according to a first length value of the discharge electrode before the previous basic hole is machined and a second length value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined.
It should be noted that, when a first base hole is machined, the base hole is determined to have the first rank according to the machining sequence, and there is no previous base hole, and the discharge electrode has no machining loss, that is, the length loss value is zero. In this case, the bottom clearance value to be maintained for machining between the discharge electrode and the workpiece to be machined is determined according to the model of the discharge electrode and the model of the workpiece to be machined, and the main shaft is controlled to move so that the discharge electrode moves to keep the bottom clearance value distance from the machining surface of the workpiece to be machined.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the preset value of the bottom clearance between the discharge electrode 20 installed below the main shaft 10 and the member to be machined 30 is D2, and the first value of the length of the discharge electrode before machining the first base hole 40 is L0;
as shown in fig. 3, the main shaft 10 is fed according to the size parameter of the first base hole 40, and the first base hole 40 is machined through the discharge electrode 20, in this embodiment, the selected specification of the discharge electrode 20 corresponds to the specification of the first base hole 40, that is, the main shaft 10 drives the discharge electrode 20 to move axially in a single direction, so as to machine the first base hole 40 as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 4, after the main shaft 10 is retracted according to the size parameter of the first base hole 40, the second length value of the discharge electrode 20 after the first base hole 40 is machined is L2, and the length loss value L1 of the discharge electrode 20 is obtained through L0-L2.
In one embodiment, as shown in step S3, the size parameters of the current base hole 50 include a depth value and a diameter value, and the step of determining the feeding parameter of the main shaft 10 corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value L1 includes:
determining an axial feeding value of the main shaft 10 according to the depth value of the current base hole and the length loss value L1;
determining a radial feed value of the main shaft 10 according to the diameter value of the current base hole and the diameter value of the discharge electrode 20; wherein the feed parameters of the spindle 10 include the axial feed value and the radial feed value.
As an example, the determining the radial feeding value of the main shaft 10 according to the diameter value of the current base hole and the diameter value of the discharge electrode 20 further includes:
determining the radius value of the revolution motion of the spindle 10 around the axis of the previous base hole according to the radial feeding value;
when the axial feeding value of the initial feeding of the main shaft 10 reaches the length loss value, the main shaft 10 is controlled to be fed radially to the radial feeding value, and the revolution motion is carried out at the radius value.
It should be noted that, when the distance between the discharge end of the discharge electrode 20 and the machining surface of the workpiece 30 is the preset bottom clearance value D2, the discharge electrode 20 is powered on to perform the discharge machining on the machining surface, and in the embodiment, when the second base hole 50 is machined, the radial movement trajectory is adjusted after the distance of the length loss value of the discharge electrode 20 is axially fed, so as to compensate the actual stroke of the loss of the discharge electrode 20.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5, when the axial feeding value of the initial feeding of the main spindle 10 reaches the length loss value, the distance L1 needs to be compensated during the axial feeding of the main spindle 10, so that the discharge end of the discharge electrode 20 and the machining surface of the workpiece 30 continue to be maintained at the distance D2; as also shown in fig. 4, when the compensation feed of the spindle 10 is completed, the radial feed value D4 of the spindle is determined according to the diameter value of the second base hole 50 and the diameter value of the discharge electrode 20. And determining the radius value of the revolution motion of the main shaft 10 around the axis of the previous base hole according to the radial feeding value, and the main shaft 10 performs the revolution motion around the axial direction of the first base hole 40 after being fed radially according to D4.
As an example, as shown in fig. 6, the main shaft 10 is radially fed and revolved in accordance with D4 while axially feeding the second base hole 50 according to the axial feed value, and a micro-stepped hole as shown in the drawing is formed by the second base hole 50 and the first base hole 40, wherein the first base hole 40 is located below the second base hole 50.
In an embodiment, after determining the feeding parameter of the main shaft 10 to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value, the method includes:
determining a first start coordinate of the main shaft 10 corresponding to the previous basic hole;
generating a second initial coordinate of the main shaft 10 corresponding to the current base hole according to the length loss value and the first initial coordinate;
after the spindle 10 is fed according to the feeding parameters, the spindle 10 is retracted to the second start coordinate.
It should be noted that, the spindle 10 needs to be retracted to the start coordinate after each hole is machined, which causes the overall feed stroke of the spindle 10 to be lengthened, and affects the machining efficiency. In this embodiment, the length loss value L1 after the first base hole 40 is processed is taken as a condition, a position coordinate, i.e., a second start coordinate, to which feeding needs to be compensated when the spindle 10 processes a next hole, i.e., the second base hole 50, is calculated in advance, and the second start coordinate is used to position a retraction position of the spindle 10 after the spindle 10 processes the first base hole 40, so as to reduce a subsequent feeding stroke.
In an embodiment, the previous base hole is coaxial with the current base hole.
In one embodiment, the discharge electrode 20 is a cylinder, and the diameter value of the discharge electrode 20 is greater than the radius value of the current base hole.
It can be understood that, for the stepped hole which needs to be machined after the revolution motion of the main shaft 10, the diameter of the discharge electrode 20 needs to be larger than the radius of the hole, so as to ensure that a single hole section can be completely machined after one revolution of the discharge electrode 20.
In one embodiment, the discharge electrode 20 is made of one of cast iron, steel, graphite, and copper alloy.
In one embodiment, the diameter of the micro-base hole 40 is 250-750 μm, the diameter of the second base hole 50 is 250-750 μm, and the diameter of the current base hole is larger than the diameter of the previous base hole.
In one embodiment, the sum of the depth value of the previous base hole and the depth value of the current base hole is 0.5-1.5mm.
While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the application.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising one of \ 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises the element.
The method for processing the micro stepped hole based on the electrode loss provided by the application is described in detail, a specific example is applied in the method for explaining the principle and the implementation mode of the application, and the description of the example is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manner and the application scope may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A micro stepped hole processing method based on electrode loss is applied to electric spark machine tool processing, a metal workpiece to be processed is arranged on a workbench of the electric spark machine tool, a discharge electrode corresponding to a processing surface of the workpiece to be processed is vertically arranged on a main shaft of the electric spark machine tool, and the discharge electrode and the workpiece to be processed are respectively connected with a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a pulse power supply, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining a structural model of the micro stepped hole, and determining a processing sequence and size parameters of each basic hole in the micro stepped hole;
determining a previous basic hole of the current basic hole and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined according to the machining sequence;
determining a feeding parameter of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
determining an axial feeding value of the main shaft according to the depth value of the current base hole and the length loss value;
determining a radial feeding value of the main shaft according to the diameter value of the current base hole and the diameter value of the discharge electrode; wherein the feed parameters of the spindle include the axial feed value and the radial feed value;
determining the radius value of the revolution motion of the main shaft around the axis of the previous base hole according to the radial feeding value;
when the axial feeding value of the initial feeding of the main shaft reaches the length loss value, controlling the main shaft to radially feed to a radial feeding value, and performing revolution motion by using the radius value;
the discharge electrode is a cylinder, and the diameter value of the discharge electrode is larger than the radius value of the current base hole.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a previous base hole of a current base hole from the machining sequence and a length loss value of the discharge electrode after machining of the previous base hole comprises:
and determining the length loss value according to a first length value of the discharge electrode before the previous basic hole is machined and a second length value of the discharge electrode after the previous basic hole is machined.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the feed parameter of the spindle to the current base hole according to the size parameter of the current base hole and the length loss value comprises:
determining a first starting coordinate of the main shaft corresponding to the previous basic hole;
generating a second initial coordinate of the main shaft corresponding to the current base hole according to the length loss value and the first initial coordinate;
and after the spindle is fed according to the feeding parameters, the spindle backs to the second initial coordinate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the previous base hole is coaxial with the current base hole.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the discharge electrode is one of cast iron, steel, graphite, and copper alloy.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the previous basic hole is 250-750 μm, the diameter of the current basic hole is 250-750 μm, and the diameter of the current basic hole is larger than the diameter of the previous basic hole.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sum of the depth value of the previous base hole and the depth value of the current base hole is 0.5-1.5mm.
CN202111138937.1A 2021-09-27 2021-09-27 Micro stepped hole machining method based on electrode loss Active CN113770463B (en)

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TW520311B (en) * 2001-04-12 2003-02-11 Castek Mechatron Industry Co L Method of automatic electrode wear compensation in equal depth pore electro-discharge machining
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TWI335847B (en) * 2007-01-23 2011-01-11 Ind Tech Res Inst Method for detecting and compensating electrode wear of electric dischage macnining
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