CN113769772A - Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113769772A
CN113769772A CN202111024811.1A CN202111024811A CN113769772A CN 113769772 A CN113769772 A CN 113769772A CN 202111024811 A CN202111024811 A CN 202111024811A CN 113769772 A CN113769772 A CN 113769772A
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hydrochloric acid
doped
photocatalytic material
treated
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CN113769772B (en
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李一杰
邢飞飞
陶然
范晓星
韩宇
张明怡
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Liaoning University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24Nitrogen compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B01J35/39
    • B01J35/61
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/06Washing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027

Abstract

The invention discloses Nb-Mo codoped g-C treated by hydrochloric acid3N4A photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. Adding niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide powder into distilled water, then adding melamine, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution; dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution into the obtained mixed solution, uniformly stirring by magnetic force, and drying to obtain a precursor; grinding the precursor, and calcining at high temperature in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the target product Nb-Mo/g-C3N4A photocatalytic material. By using the present inventionHydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo ion co-doped g-C prepared by Ming method3N4Photocatalytic material, improved g-C3N4The method has the advantages of low cost and easy operation, and can degrade organic pollutants by natural light.

Description

Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly relates to high-activity Nb-Mo/g-C3N4A photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Over the past decades, excessive emissions of toxic gases have created serious environmental problems that threaten human health. Various adsorbents have been studied to detect and remove toxic gases. Wherein the graphite carbon nitride (g-C)3N4) A graphene-like porous layered material has attracted great interest because of its ease of synthesis, attractive electronic band structure, non-toxicity and high stability. Such organic semiconductors show tremendous potential applications in a variety of fields, including photocatalytic water splitting, photoreduction of carbon dioxide, photolysis of organic contaminants, solar energy conversion, and sensors. However, its inherent structure results in high electron-hole recombination rate and low photocatalytic activity, limiting its industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrochloric acid-treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The method is easy to operate, simple, convenient, low in cost, mild in condition and beneficial to large-scale production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The photocatalysis material is doped with 0.25 to 0.5 percent of Nb ions and Mo ions according to molar percentage, wherein the ratio of Nb ions to Mo ions is 1: 1.
Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The preparation method of the photocatalytic material comprises the following steps:
1) adding niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide powder into distilled water, then adding melamine, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution;
2) dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring by magnetic force, and drying to obtain a precursor;
3) grinding the precursor, and calcining at high temperature in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the target product Nb-Mo/g-C3N4A photocatalytic material.
Further, in the above preparation method, step 1), the niobium oxide is Nb2O5(ii) a The molybdenum oxide is MoO3
Further, the above-mentioned preparation method, step 1), is carried out in terms of molar ratio, Nb2O5:MoO3Melamine (0.00125-0.0025): 0.0025-0.005): 1.
Further, in the preparation method, step 2), the drying temperature is 80 ℃.
Further, in the above production method, the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid to melamine is 0.345: 1.
Further, in the above preparation method, step 3), the high temperature calcination is carried out at 550 ℃ for 2 h.
Further, in the preparation method, the heating rate of the high-temperature calcination is 3 ℃/min.
The invention provides hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The application of the photocatalytic material in the catalytic degradation of gas pollutants under visible light.
Further, the gaseous contaminant is isopropanol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The photocatalytic material successfully constructs a doping structure with larger specific surface area, the structure can more easily move charges, and the photocatalytic activity can be effectively improved.
2. The hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C provided by the invention3N4The preparation method of the photocatalytic material has the advantages of cheap and easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient operation and greatly reduced costAnd the paint is non-toxic and pollution-free to the environment, and realizes green chemistry.
3. The invention increases g-C3N4The specific surface area of (a) is to improve photocatalytic performance by increasing reaction sites and promoting bulk charge separation. In order to obtain a larger specific surface area, modification and doping are effective and simple methods for improving the photocatalytic performance, because the modification and doping can cause the change of the specific surface area, the Nb-Mo ion co-doping adopted by the method can generate lattice defects, so that atoms in lattices are easier to migrate, the sensitivity to visible light is further improved, and the photocatalytic reaction efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the photocatalyst prepared in example 1 at 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4、0.25%Nb-Mo/g-C3N4And pure g-C3N4XRD contrast pattern of (a).
FIG. 2 shows the results of example 2 with different photocatalysts 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4、0.25%Nb-Mo/g-C3N4And pure g-C3N4The acetone production rate of (2) is plotted in comparison.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo codoped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material (0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4)
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.0093g (0.0001mol) Nb2O5And 0.0288g (0.0002mol) of MoO3Adding the mixture into 45.5mL of distilled water, then adding 5g (0.04mol) of melamine, magnetically stirring the mixture for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
2) dropwise adding 4.5mL of hydrochloric acid solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring by magnetic force, putting into a drying oven, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor;
3) grinding the precursor obtained in the step 2), heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min in the nitrogen environment, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain the target product Nb-Mo co-doped g-C treated by hydrochloric acid3N4A photocatalytic material is used as a material for the light,the samples were labeled 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C with 0.5% Nb and Mo in mole percent3N4
(II) hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo codoped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material (0.25% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4)
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) 0.0046g (0.00005mol) of Nb2O5And 0.0144g (0.0001mol) MoO3Adding the mixture into 45.5mL of distilled water, then adding 5g (0.04mol) of melamine, magnetically stirring the mixture for 1h at the temperature of 80 ℃, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
2) dropwise adding 4.5mL of hydrochloric acid solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring by magnetic force, putting into a drying oven, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor;
3) grinding the precursor obtained in the step 2), heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min in the nitrogen environment, and calcining at 550 ℃ for 2h to obtain the target product Nb-Mo co-doped g-C treated by hydrochloric acid3N4Photocatalytic material, in mole percent, containing 0.25% Nb and Mo, sample designation 0.25% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4
(III) comparative example pure g-C3N4Photocatalytic material
The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing 5g of melamine in a crucible, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min in a nitrogen environment, and calcining for 2h to obtain pure g-C3N4A photocatalytic material.
(IV) detection
FIG. 1 is a graph of sample 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4Sample 0.25% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4And pure g-C3N4XRD test pattern of (1), sample 2.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4And sample 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C3N4Two diffraction peaks at 13.1 ℃ and 27.3 ℃ with pure g-C3N4The diffraction peaks coincide and the main peak remains for the doped g-C3N4 catalyst, indicating that the crystal structure is unchanged. No compounds of Nb and Mo were observed in the doped g-C3N4 material, indicating that Nb and Mo are intercalated in ionic formInto g-C3N4 crystal planes.
Example 2 application
Effect of different catalysts on catalytic degradation of isopropanol under visible light
The test process is as follows: a 300W xenon lamp is used as a light source to filter out ultraviolet simulation sunlight, photocurrent is adjusted to 18mA position, a light intensity center is adjusted to irradiate the surface of a sample, the position is fixed, and 0.5 percent of Nb-Mo/g-C prepared in the embodiment 1 is respectively added3N4、0.25%Nb-Mo/g-C3N4And pure g-C3N4Placing in a 4cm container2In the glass tank, the glass tanks carrying the photocatalyst were placed in 325cm each3And finally, injecting 5ul of isopropanol liquid into the reactor, waiting for 2 hours until the isopropanol is completely volatilized into gas, starting timing after 20 minutes of illumination, and extracting one needle of the sample every 20 minutes for testing. The peak area of acetone generated by degrading isopropanol is recorded, and the concentration change point line graph of acetone generated by degrading isopropanol is calculated, and the result is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the hydrochloric acid treated 0.5% Nb-Mo/g-C prepared in accordance with the present invention3N4g of photocatalytic material with a continuously increasing concentration of acetone produced over time and all being purer g-C3N4The effect is good. g-C prepared by the invention3N4Not only improves the photocatalytic activity, but also improves the yield to 1.5 times, improves the g-C3N4Photocatalytic performance.

Claims (10)

1. Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4Photocatalytic material, characterized in that the hydrochloric acid-treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The photocatalysis material is doped with 0.25 to 0.5 percent of Nb ions and Mo ions according to molar percentage, wherein the ratio of Nb ions to Mo ions is 1: 1.
2. Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C3N4The preparation method of the photocatalytic material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding niobium oxide and molybdenum oxide powder into distilled water, then adding melamine, magnetically stirring at 80 ℃, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution;
2) dropwise adding a hydrochloric acid solution into the mixed solution obtained in the step 1), uniformly stirring by magnetic force, and drying to obtain a precursor;
3) grinding the precursor, and calcining at high temperature in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the target product Nb-Mo/g-C3N4A photocatalytic material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 1), the niobium oxide is Nb2O5(ii) a The molybdenum oxide is MoO3
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein in step 1), Nb is added in a molar ratio2O5:MoO3Melamine is 0.00125-0.0025:0.0025-0.005: 1.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the drying temperature in step 2) is 80 ℃.
6. The process according to claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of hydrochloric acid to melamine is 0.345: 1.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the high-temperature calcination in step 3) is performed at 550 ℃ for 2 hours.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the temperature increase rate of the high-temperature calcination is 3 ℃/min.
9. Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo codoped g-C according to claim 13N4The application of the photocatalytic material in the catalytic degradation of gas pollutants under visible light.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the gaseous contaminant is isopropanol.
CN202111024811.1A 2021-09-01 2021-09-01 Hydrochloric acid treated Nb-Mo co-doped g-C 3 N 4 Photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof Active CN113769772B (en)

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