CN113767820A - Whole-course ecological simple pest control method for basal rot of corn stalk - Google Patents
Whole-course ecological simple pest control method for basal rot of corn stalk Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-course ecological simple harm control method for basal rot of corn stems. According to four periods of a seeding period, a seedling period, a heading period and a flowering period in the corn growth process, prevention and control measures such as farming management, disease-resistant varieties, seed coating, body building and seedling strengthening, nutrition management, biological prevention and control, monitoring and early warning, ecological management, emergency measures, disease source elimination and killing and the like are selectively integrated, the synergistic pest control effect of the prevention and control measures is fully exerted, the occurrence of the basal stem rot of the corn is effectively controlled, the use of chemical pesticides of the corn is greatly reduced, the reduction and application of the chemical pesticides of the corn are realized, and the corn growth regulator has important significance on green production of the corn and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease control of grain crops, and particularly relates to a whole-course ecological simple pest control method for basal rot of corn stems.
Background
Corn is an important food and feed crop, second only to rice and wheat in world plantation area and overall yield. The corn causes serious economic loss due to the occurrence of diseases every year, and directly threatens the global food safety. Along with the enrichment of corn varieties and the change of dietary structures of people, the economic benefit of corn planting is greatly improved. In recent years, the planting area of corns in Fujian province has been developed to more than 100 million mu, but the occurrence of leaf diseases such as corn stalk base rot, big leaf spot, small leaf spot, curvularia leaf spot and the like is gradually serious, so that the yield is generally reduced by 15-20 percent, and the serious yield reaches more than 50 percent, even no harvest is generated. Corn stalk base rot caused by dominant species of Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides and the like is an important soil-borne disease in corn production and mainly damages the stem base and root of corn. Since the late 70 s of the 20 th century, the disease was prevalent in the united states and caused severe losses. Thereafter, the disease has been developed and prevalent in canada, france, japan, and the like. Since 1962, China reports for the first time that the disease occurs in Fujian province, Henan province, Shandong province, Shanxi province, Guangxi province, Sichuan province, Heilongjiang province, Jilin, Yunnan province, Zhejiang province, Shaanxi province and the like, and shows a trend of increasing year by year, the disease has risen from a secondary disease to a main disease, and the disease has the characteristics of rapid onset of disease and serious loss, the disease incidence rate is 15% -20% in general years, and the disease incidence rate can reach more than 80% in rainy years. Research shows that pathogenic bacteria such as fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium verticillioides and the like can harm corn plants in various periods of corn, and the corn plants can live through winter by using mycelium or chlamydospore in soil and culture medium or attached to seeds and can live by saprophytic life. The rot of the roots or stems of the diseased plants is in a humid environment, and spores are invaded and damaged through wounds at the base of the young roots or stems by the splash and spread of air flow, rainwater and irrigation water. Germs can be deposited in the vascular bundle system sometimes without symptom, and sometimes enter the vascular bundle system to block a catheter immediately and produce toxic substances which are diffused and gradually extend upwards to cause withered and yellow leaves of diseased plants to die.
The corn stalk base rot is quick in onset and spread, large in damage area and capable of bringing great challenges to prevention and control of the corn stalk base rot. In order to control the basal rot of the corn stalk, people continuously increase the spraying dosage and the spraying variety of the pesticide, and provide strong selection pressure for the variation of pathogenic bacteria. The disease resistance of plants is improved through disease-resistant breeding, which is the most effective and environment-friendly way for preventing and treating diseases, but the resistance and variation of pathogenic bacteria can be promoted, and the difficulty of prevention and treatment is increased. In order to solve the difficult problem of prevention and control of the stem basal rot in the production process of the corn industry, research and integration of a pest common prevention and control technology in the production process of the corn industry must be accelerated, and pest control measures mainly based on chemical pesticides are changed into 'ecological management and microbial inoculant' prevention and control, so that green prevention and control are realized, and meanwhile, the chemical pesticides play roles of reducing application and improving efficiency.
Therefore, the establishment of a whole set of method suitable for whole-course green and simple prevention and control of the basal rot of the corn stem is a problem to be solved urgently by the people in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a whole-course ecological simple harm control method for basal rot of corn stems. Aiming at 4 periods of a seeding period, a seedling period, a heading period, a flowering period and the like in the growth process of corn, prevention and control measures such as pesticide management, disease-resistant varieties, seed coating, body building and seedling strengthening, nutrition management, biological prevention and control, monitoring and early warning, ecological management, emergency measures, disease source elimination and killing and the like are selectively integrated, the synergistic pest control effect of the prevention and control measures is fully exerted, a green sustainable control technical mode for preventing and controlling the damage of the corn stem basal rot from the source is constructed, the generation of the corn stem basal rot is effectively controlled, the damage of the stem basal rot is controlled within the range of an economic threshold value, the use of chemical pesticides of the corn is greatly reduced, the application reduction and the synergy of the chemical pesticides of the corn are realized, and the important significance is realized on green production of the corn and the environment protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a whole-course ecological simple harm control method for basal rot of corn stems comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) sowing time: the method refers to the period from the orchard period to the corn sowing period, and establishes an ecological control mode of 'field management, disease-resistant variety and seed coating'.
Farming management: a. crop rotation is carried out; b. interplanting; c. treating soil;
disease-resistant variety: selecting seeds which are relatively resistant to the corn stalk basal rot for seedling culture; the seeds comprise firstly jade 335 (variety source: female parent is PH6 WC; male parent is PH4CV), KWS2564 (variety source: female parent is KW4M 029; male parent is KW7M031) or KX3564 (variety source: female parent is KW4M 029; male parent is KW7M14) and the like;
seed coating: pouring the seeds into the mixed solution of the coating preparation, stirring and airing, and sowing;
(2) and (3) seedling stage: the method is characterized in that a green ecological prevention and control mode of body building, seedling strengthening, nutrition management and biological prevention and control is established in the growth stage from seeding to jointing.
Body building and seedling strengthening: applying 800-times of plant growth regulator and 1000-times of liquid to irrigate roots for 2-3 times, wherein the interval between each time is 10-15 days;
and (3) nutrition management: watering to control the soil humidity at 65% -70%, applying 10-15kg of urea per mu after setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, applying 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu after setting seedlings at 6-9 leaf stages, and simultaneously covering a mulching film;
potassium chloride is applied to play roles in promoting roots, strengthening seedlings, promoting leaves, strengthening stems and the like; the mulching film is heat-insulating and moisture-preserving, so that weeds can be prevented and removed, and water and fertilizer loss can be prevented;
biological control: applying 500-800 times of liquid of thymol serving as a botanical fungicide to the base of the corn stem for 2-3 times, wherein 20-40L of the liquid is applied to each mu at intervals of 15-20 days;
(3) heading stage: the method is characterized in that a green ecological prevention and control mode of 'monitoring and early warning, ecological prevention and control, biological prevention and control and emergency medication' is established in the growth stage from the corn growth beginning to the heading.
Monitoring and early warning: the condition allows that an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system can be installed in the planting area to track and monitor the facility environmental condition and the dynamic real condition of corn growth and diseases in real time; when the temperature or the humidity rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, technical personnel should adopt a pathogenic bacteria detection technology to detect the pathogenic bacteria in soil and water in real time, simultaneously growers should pay attention to the field growth and the disease occurrence rule in the past, once the pathogenic bacteria are detected or the disease occurrence tendency is found, pathogenic bacteria plants should be isolated and carried, when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, a plant source bactericide of thymol 500-fold liquid and 800-fold liquid or a plant source extract of 10g/L of amaranth or 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome can be applied to the base part of the corn stem for 20-40L and 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days;
the application of the botanical fungicide or botanical extract to corn can prevent the occurrence or outbreak of diseases;
ecological management: suspending 1 orange color plate 20-25cm away from the ground surface in each mu of planting area, and changing every 2-3 months and every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50-60cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
biological control: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, applying 800 times of plant source bactericide thymol 500-fold liquid or plant source extract 10g/L of amaranth or 50g/L of rhizoma acori graminei to the base of the corn stem, applying 40-60L of the plant source bactericide or the plant source extract 2-3 times per mu, and applying the plant source bactericide or the plant source extract 10-15 days at intervals;
emergency measures: where the disease index is greater than 10, either cloflufen or etazolin may be administered;
(4) and (3) during the flowering stage: and establishing a green ecological prevention and control mode of 'monitoring and early warning, biological prevention and control and clearing and killing' at the growth stage from ear sprouting to corn fruit ripening.
Monitoring and early warning: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; when the disease index is less than 5, applying 800 times of plant source bactericide thymol 500-one to the base of the corn stem, or applying 10g/L of amaranth or 50g/L of rhizoma acori graminei to the base of the corn stem for 40-60L/mu, 2-3 times and 10-15 days at intervals, so as to prevent the occurrence or outbreak of diseases;
biological control: when the disease index is more than 5, applying the biological agent to the base of the corn stem, diluting and spraying for 2-3 times according to 100-140 g/mu, and spacing 10-15 days each time;
elimination and killing of disease sources: after harvesting the corns, removing the patrinia scabiosaefolia leaves, and then spreading 35-70kg of quicklime per mu.
Preferably, the crop rotation in step (1) a is cucurbitaceae or rice, wherein the cucurbitaceae comprises pumpkin, cucumber and watermelon, and the interplanting in step b is interplanting with garlic or green Chinese onion.
The rotation and interplanting have the effects of balancing the utilization of soil nutrients and water and effectively reducing diseases, pests and weeds.
Preferably, the soil treatment in the step (1) c comprises the specific steps of ploughing, ridging, covering with a film, and then exposing the film to sunlight for high-temperature disinfection.
The soil treatment has the function of eliminating pathogenic bacteria, pest eggs and weeds in the soil.
Preferably, the sterilization in the step (1) c is to apply 30-60kg of quicklime per mu of soil, and the furrow preparation comprises applying 40-60L of plant source extract 10g/L of amaranth or 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome per mu of soil.
The application of the bactericide can further eliminate pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs and weeds in the soil.
Preferably, the seed mass in the seed coating of the step (1) is 1kg, and the coating preparation mixed solution comprises 2mL of 38 wt% of phenylate-Geole-Thiacloprid suspension seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 wt% of carbosulfan missible oil, 10g of warning color and 2L of tap water.
The seeds are coated to prevent the occurrence of soil diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the specific application mode of the emergency medication in the step (3) is to dilute and spray 20-60 g/mu of the chlorofluoromethrin or 50-100 g/mu of the atrazine (6 wt.% oligosaccharide-catenin wettable powder) for 2-3 times, and the interval of each time is 10-15 days.
The application of the emergency medicine can quickly control the occurrence of diseases.
Preferably, the biological agent in the step (4) is 3 hundred million cfu/g of gacaoan (trichoderma harzianum).
Applying the crop can improve the soil environment and reduce the chemical component residue.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a whole-course ecological simple harm control method for the basal rot of the corn stalk. The method has the following technical effects:
1. the invention provides a whole-course ecological simple damage control method for corn stalk basal rot, which is simple, standard, safe and efficient to operate, and can lead farmers to save labor, labor and time.
2. The method can effectively control the occurrence of stem base rot in the corn planting process (the pest control effect is 85-90%), obviously save the fertilizer consumption and reduce repeated application (the chemical fertilizer pesticide consumption is reduced by 25-30%), realize the reduction and the efficiency improvement of the chemical fertilizer pesticide, and has important significance for environmental protection.
3. The pest control consciousness and level of farmers in the corn planting process are improved, the pest control cost is reduced by 25-30%, the increase rate of the corn product delivery rate reaches 10-15%, and the economic and social benefits are very obvious.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples and comparative examples in the present invention all used the following experimental materials:
test corn seeds: such as Xianyu 335 (breed source: female parent is PH6 WC; male parent is PH4CV), KWS2564 (breed source: female parent is KW4M 029; male parent is KW7M031) or KX3564 (breed source: female parent is KW4M 029; male parent is KW7M14), etc
Test strains: 3 hundred million cfu/g of Guokean (Trichoderma harzianum)
Reagent to be tested: quicklime, 38 wt.% phenylate, pyrrole and thiacloprid suspended seed coating agent are selected from Jiangsu Fengshan agricultural chemical Co., Ltd, 47 wt.% carbosulfan missible oil is selected from Jiangsu Huanong seed coating agent Co., Ltd, plant growth regulator, urea, potassium chloride, plant source bactericide thymol or plant source extract rhizoma acori graminei or Ixeris amara is selected from Henan Yixin Biotech Co., Ltd, chlorofluoromethane is selected from Pasteur China Co., Ltd, Altailing (6 wt.% oligosaccharide and catenin wettable powder) is selected from China agricultural chemical market in Chinese farm institute of plant protection housing, carbendazim, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, benomyl and the like
A test base: fujian Sanming corn planting base
Note: the classification standard of the maize stalk rot disease is divided into five grades of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Wherein, level 1: no disease spots; and 2, stage: water stain-like disease spots appear at the corn rootstock part; and 3, level: the corn roots are rotten and the leaves are wilted; 4, level: the corn roots are rotten and torn, the leaves are wilted, and the color is changed from green to dark purple red; and 5, stage: the leaves are brown, and the plants die and fall down. Through the investigation and verification of the disease conditions of the corn stem rot with different degrees of disease, the grading standard refers to a plant pathology teaching material and is suitable for the disease condition investigation of the corn stem rot.
The disease index is 100 × Σ (number of disease plants at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of investigated plants × highest representative value);
the pest control effect is (the ratio of the diseased plants before treatment to the diseased plants after treatment)/the ratio of the diseased plants before treatment is multiplied by 100%;
the product shipment rate increase rate (shipment rate before processing-shipment rate after processing)/shipment rate after processing × 100%.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a test is performed in a maize planting base of fujian samming, and about 2 acres of planting area are planted, about 3500 plants are planted in each acre, and the following measures are taken for the maize planting growth process:
(1) and (3) sowing time:
1) farming management: a. crop rotation and stubble inversion: crop rotation with pumpkin; b. interplanting: interplanting with garlic. c. Soil treatment: before seedling planting, soil is ploughed, furrow preparation is carried out, film covering is carried out, and then sunlight exposure and disinfection are carried out, wherein 40L of plant source extract is applied to each mu of furrow, namely 10g/L of amaranth is carried out, so that disease residues in the soil are eliminated; the sterilization is that 30kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
2) disease-resistant variety: selecting a variety which is relatively resistant to the corn stalk basal rot for seedling;
3) seed coating: 1kg of coated corn seeds are diluted by 2L of tap water and evenly stirred into medicine slurry by using 2mL of 38 percent phenylate-Geole-Thienchus suspending seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 percent carbosulfan missible oil and 10g of warning color, the seeds are poured into the medicine slurry, fully and evenly stirred, and the seeds can be sowed after being dried.
(2) Seedling stage
1) Body building and seedling strengthening: applying 800 times of liquid as plant growth regulator to irrigate roots for 2 times, applying 60L of the plant growth regulator to each mu, and applying the plant growth regulator to the roots every 15 days;
2) and (3) nutrition management: proper amount of water is added, and the soil humidity is controlled at 65%. After setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, spraying 10kg of urea per mu, spraying 5kg of potassium chloride per mu when the seedlings are at 6-9 leaf stages, and simultaneously covering a mulching film for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
3) biological control: applying 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of the corn stem for 3 times, applying 20L of the plant source bactericide thymol liquid to each mu of corn stem at intervals of 15 days; preventing the occurrence or outbreak of diseases.
(3) Heading period
1) Monitoring and early warning: installing an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in a planting area, and tracking and monitoring facility environmental conditions and dynamic situations of corn growth and diseases in real time; when the temperature or the humidity rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, pathogenic bacteria in soil and water are detected in real time by adopting a pathogenic bacteria detection technology, the growth vigor of the field and the occurrence rule of diseases in the past year are concerned, once the disease is found, pathogenic bacteria plants are immediately isolated and carried, when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid is applied to the base part of the corn stem for 3 times, 20L of the plant source bactericide thymol liquid is applied to each mu, and the interval of each time is 10 days;
2) ecological management: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate 20cm away from the ground surface in each mu of planting area, and changing every 2 months; in a greenhouse, every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 2 months;
3) biological control: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, applying 10g/L of the plant source extract to the base of the corn stem, and applying 40L of the plant source extract to each mu, 2 times, and 15 days at intervals;
4) emergency measures: when the disease index is more than 10, 20 g/mu of fluroxypyr serving as an emergency medicine is diluted and sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 15 days on the base of the corn stalk.
(4) Flowering period
1) Monitoring and early warning: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the diseases occur by combining with the real-time disease conditions in the field; when the disease index is less than 5, applying 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of the corn stalk, applying 40L of the plant source bactericide thymol liquid to each mu of corn stalk to prevent diseases from happening or outbreak, and applying for 2 times, wherein the interval of each time is 15 days;
2) biological control: when the disease index is more than 5, applying 100 g/mu of 3 hundred million cfu/g of Gukean (Trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray to the base of the corn stem for 2 times, wherein each time interval is 15 days;
3) elimination and killing of disease sources: after the corns are harvested, the garden is comprehensively cleared, the patrinia scabiosaefolia leaves and the like are removed, 35kg of quicklime is scattered in each mu for killing, and the infection sources are reduced.
The embodiment is used for whole-course ecological simple prevention and control of stem basal rot, the whole-course pest control effect is good, and compared with a comparative example, the whole method reduces the use amount of chemical pesticides by 30%; the product delivery rate is about 90.41 percent, and the delivery rate improvement rate is 10.73 percent; the chemical pesticide and fertilizer input is reduced by about 450 yuan/mu. The monitoring result shows that the disease rate of the corn stalk basal rot in the planting period is 3.7%, the disease rate is reduced to 0.5% after ecological pest control, and the pest control effect is 86.48%. The harm control cost is reduced by 30 percent. The economic and social benefits are very obvious.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a test is performed in the fujian nanping corn planting base, the planting area is about 2 mu, about 3500 plants are planted in each mu, and the following measures are taken for the corn planting growth process:
(1) and (3) sowing time:
1) farming management: a. crop rotation and stubble inversion: rice rotation; b. interplanting: interplanting with scallion; c. soil treatment: before planting seedlings, ploughing soil, leveling beds, covering films, and then exposing the soil to sunlight and sterilizing at high temperature, wherein 60L of plant source extract 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu of land to eliminate disease residues in the soil; the sterilization is that 30kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
2) disease-resistant variety: selecting a variety which is relatively resistant to the corn stalk basal rot for seedling;
3) seed coating: coating 1kg of corn seeds, diluting 2L of tap water by using 2mL of 38 wt.% phenylate, allowana and thiacloprid suspended seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 wt.% carbosulfan missible oil and 10g of warning color, uniformly stirring to form medicinal slurry, pouring the seeds, fully stirring uniformly, and airing to obtain the corn seeds for sowing.
(2) Seedling stage
1) Body building and seedling strengthening: applying 1000 times of liquid of plant growth regulator to irrigate roots for 3 times, with 10 days interval each time;
2) and (3) nutrition management: proper amount of watering is carried out, and the soil humidity is controlled at 70%. After setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, spraying 15kg of urea per mu, spraying 7kg of potassium chloride per mu when the seedlings are at 6-9 leaf stages, and simultaneously covering a mulching film for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
3) biological control: applying 800 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of corn stalk for 2 times, applying 40L per mu, and every time at intervals of 20 days; preventing the occurrence or outbreak of diseases.
(3) Heading period
1) Monitoring and early warning: installing an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in a planting area, and tracking and monitoring facility environmental conditions and dynamic situations of corn growth and diseases in real time; when the temperature or the humidity rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, pathogenic bacteria in soil and water are detected in real time by adopting a pathogenic bacteria detection technology, the growth vigor of the field and the occurrence rule of diseases in the past year are concerned, once the diseases are found, pathogenic bacteria plants are immediately isolated and carried, when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to the basal part of the corn stem for 2 times, 40L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu, and the interval is 15 days each time;
2) ecological management: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate at a position 25cm away from the ground surface of each mu of planting area, and changing every 3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300m2Each is hung with 1 multifunctional electrostatic disinsection lamp with the hanging height ofCleaning the lamp for 1 time every 1 month at the position 60cm above the seedling plant;
3) biological control: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, applying 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome which is a plant source extract to the base of the corn stem, and applying 60L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome to each mu for 3 times, wherein the interval is 10 days;
4) emergency measures: when the disease index is more than 10, 60 g/mu of fluroxypyr is applied to the basal part of the corn stalk for dilution and spraying for 3 times, and each time is 10 days.
(4) Flowering period
1) Monitoring and early warning: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; when the disease index is less than 5, applying 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid for 60L per mu, applying 3 times at 15 days intervals, and preventing diseases from happening or outbreak;
2) biological control: when the disease index is more than 5, 140 g/mu of 3 hundred million cfu/g of Guokuna (Trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray is applied to the base of the corn stem for 3 times, and each time is 10 days;
3) elimination and killing of disease sources: after the corn is harvested, the garden is comprehensively cleared, the patrinia scabiosaefolia and the like are removed, and then 70kg of quicklime is applied to each mu for killing, so that the infection source is reduced.
The embodiment is used for whole-course ecological simple prevention and control of the basal rot of the corn stalk, has good pest control effect, and reduces the usage amount of chemical pesticides by 25 percent compared with a comparative example; the product delivery rate is about 93.50 percent, and the delivery rate is improved by 13.68 percent; the chemical pesticide and fertilizer input is reduced by about 375 yuan/mu. The monitoring result shows that the disease rate of the corn stalk basal rot in the planting period is 3.0 percent, after ecological pest control, the disease rate is reduced to 0.3 percent, the pest control effect is 90.00 percent, and the pest control cost is reduced by 25 percent. The economic and social benefits are very obvious.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 a control experiment was carried out at a maize plantation site in fujian gming, with a planting area of about 2 acres and about 3500 plants per acre, and the following measures were taken for the maize planting and growing process:
1) farming management: before planting seedlings, weeding, ploughing soil, ridging, covering with a film, exposing to sunlight and then sterilizing to eliminate diseased residues in the soil; sterilizing by spreading 30kg of quicklime per mu of soil; the furrow preparation is soil to be planted before planting.
2) Disease-resistant variety: selecting a variety which is relatively resistant to diseases mainly caused by the stem basal rot of the corn and culturing seedlings.
3) And (3) nutrition management: reasonably adjusting fertilizer and water conditions, keeping soil at proper humidity, and applying 10kg of urea and 5kg of potassium chloride per mu after setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages to play roles of promoting roots, strengthening seedlings, promoting leaves, strengthening stems and the like. Meanwhile, a mulching film is covered to prevent the water fertilizer from losing.
4) Spraying a medicament: and diluting and spraying with carbendazim 100 g/mu for 3 times in the heading period, wherein the interval is 10 days. After the flowering period, 150g of chlorothalonil is applied for dilution and spraying for 3 times, and the interval is 10 days each time.
In the comparative example, the product delivery rate is about 80.7%, and the chemical pesticide and fertilizer are thrown into the unit of land of about 1500 yuan/mu. The monitoring result shows that the disease rate of the basal rot of the corn stem in the planting period is 8.3 percent, the disease rate is reduced to 4.9 percent after the pesticide is sprayed, and the pest control effect is 69.38 percent.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 a control experiment was carried out at a maize plantation site in fujian gming, with a planting area of about 2 acres and about 3500 plants per acre, and the following measures were taken for the maize planting and growing process:
(1) and (3) sowing time:
1) farming management: a. crop rotation and stubble inversion: rice rotation; b. interplanting: interplanting with scallion; c. soil treatment: before planting seedlings, ploughing soil, leveling beds, covering films, and then exposing the soil to sunlight and sterilizing at high temperature, wherein 60L of plant source extract 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu of land to eliminate disease residues in the soil; the sterilization is that 30kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
2) disease-resistant variety: selecting a variety which is relatively resistant to the corn stalk basal rot for seedling;
3) seed coating: coating 1kg of corn seeds, diluting 2L of tap water by using 2mL of 38 wt.% phenylate, allowana and thiacloprid suspended seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 wt.% carbosulfan missible oil and 10g of warning color, uniformly stirring to form medicinal slurry, pouring the seeds, fully stirring uniformly, and airing to obtain the corn seeds for sowing.
(2) Seedling stage
1) Body building and seedling strengthening: applying 1000 times of liquid of plant growth regulator to irrigate roots for 3 times, with 10 days interval each time;
2) and (3) nutrition management: proper amount of watering is carried out, and the soil humidity is controlled at 70%. After setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, spraying 15kg of urea per mu, spraying 7kg of potassium chloride per mu when the seedlings are at 6-9 leaf stages, and simultaneously covering a mulching film for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
3) biological control: applying 800 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of corn stalk for 2 times, applying 40L per mu, and every time at intervals of 20 days; preventing the occurrence or outbreak of diseases.
(3) Heading period
1) Monitoring and early warning: installing an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in a planting area, and tracking and monitoring facility environmental conditions and dynamic situations of corn growth and diseases in real time; when the temperature or the humidity rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, pathogenic bacteria in soil and water are detected in real time by adopting a pathogenic bacteria detection technology, the growth vigor of the field and the occurrence rule of diseases in the past year are concerned, once the diseases are found, pathogenic bacteria plants are immediately isolated and carried, when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to the basal part of the corn stem for 2 times, 40L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu, and the interval is 15 days each time;
2) biological control: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, applying 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome which is a plant source extract to the base of the corn stem, and applying 60L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome to each mu for 3 times, wherein the interval is 10 days;
3) emergency measures: when the disease index is more than 10, 60 g/mu of fluroxypyr serving as an emergency drug at the stem base of the corn can be diluted and sprayed for 3 times, and each time is 10 days.
(4) Flowering period
1) Monitoring and early warning: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; when the disease index is less than 5, applying 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of the corn stem, applying 60L of thymol liquid to each mu of corn stem for 3 times at intervals of 15 days, and preventing diseases from happening or outbreak;
2) biological control: when the disease index is more than 5, 140 g/mu of 3 hundred million cfu/g of Guokuna (Trichoderma harzianum) diluted spray is applied to the base of the corn stem for 3 times, and each time is 10 days;
3) elimination and killing of disease sources: after the corn is harvested, the garden is comprehensively cleared, the patrinia scabiosaefolia and the like are removed, and then 70kg of quicklime is applied to each mu for killing, so that the infection source is reduced.
The comparative example separately utilizes the microbial inoculum of the invention to ecologically and simply prevent and control the basal rot of the corn stalk in the whole process, the pest control effect is better, the product shipment rate is about 85.35%, the monitoring result shows that the plant rate of the basal rot of the corn stalk in the planting period is 5.7%, after ecological pest control, the plant rate is reduced to 1.1%, and the pest control effect is 80.71%.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 a control experiment was conducted in a maize plantation site in fujian gming, with a planting area of about 2 acres, and about 3500 plants per acre, the following measures were taken for the maize planting growth process:
(1) and (3) sowing time:
1) farming management: a. crop rotation and stubble inversion: rice rotation; b. interplanting: interplanting with scallion; c. soil treatment: before planting seedlings, ploughing soil, leveling beds, covering films, and then exposing the soil to sunlight and sterilizing at high temperature, wherein 60L of plant source extract 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu of land to eliminate disease residues in the soil; the sterilization is that 30kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil;
2) disease-resistant variety: selecting a variety which is relatively resistant to the corn stalk basal rot for seedling;
3) seed coating: coating 1kg of corn seeds, diluting 2L of tap water by using 2mL of 38 wt.% phenylate, allowana and thiacloprid suspended seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 wt.% carbosulfan missible oil and 10g of warning color, uniformly stirring to form medicinal slurry, pouring the seeds, fully stirring uniformly, and airing to obtain the corn seeds for sowing.
(2) Seedling stage
1) Body building and seedling strengthening: applying 1000 times of liquid of plant growth regulator to irrigate roots for 3 times, with 10 days interval each time;
2) and (3) nutrition management: proper amount of watering is carried out, and the soil humidity is controlled at 70%. After setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, spraying 15kg of urea per mu, spraying 7kg of potassium chloride per mu when the seedlings are at 6-9 leaf stages, and simultaneously covering a mulching film for heat preservation and moisture preservation;
(3) heading period
1) Monitoring and early warning: installing an agriculture and forestry ecological remote real-time monitoring system in a planting area, and tracking and monitoring facility environmental conditions and dynamic situations of corn growth and diseases in real time; when the temperature or the humidity rises, pathogenic bacteria begin to be active, pathogenic bacteria in soil and water are detected in real time by adopting a pathogenic bacteria detection technology, the growth vigor of the field and the occurrence rule of diseases in the past year are concerned, once the diseases are found, pathogenic bacteria plants are immediately isolated and carried, when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, 50g/L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to the basal part of the corn stem for 2 times, 40L of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome is applied to each mu, and the interval is 15 days each time;
2) ecological management: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate at a position 25cm away from the ground surface of each mu of planting area, and changing every 3 months; in a greenhouse, every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 60cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1 month;
3) emergency measures: when the disease index is more than 10, 60 g/mu of fluroxypyr serving as an emergency drug at the stem base of the corn can be diluted and sprayed for 3 times, and each time is 10 days.
(4) Flowering period
1) Monitoring and early warning: according to the monitoring of a monitoring system and the detection result of molecular biology, the plants carrying germs are isolated immediately once the disease is found by combining the real-time disease conditions in the field; when the disease index is less than 5, applying 500 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid to the base of the corn stem, applying 60L of thymol liquid to each mu of corn stem for 3 times at intervals of 15 days, and preventing diseases from happening or outbreak;
2) elimination and killing of disease sources: after the corn is harvested, the garden is comprehensively cleared, the patrinia scabiosaefolia and the like are removed, and then 70kg of quicklime is applied to each mu for killing, so that the infection source is reduced.
The embodiment independently utilizes the ecological control in the invention to be used for whole-course ecological simple control of the corn stalk basal rot, the pest control effect is better, and the product delivery rate is about 83.70%. The monitoring result shows that the disease rate of the corn stalk base rot in the planting period is 6.3 percent, the disease rate is reduced to 1.3 percent after ecological damage control, and the damage control effect is 79.36 percent.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A whole-course ecological simple harm control method for basal rot of corn stems is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) sowing time:
farming management: a. crop rotation is carried out; b. interplanting; c. treating soil;
disease-resistant variety: selecting seeds with high disease resistance to the basal rot of the corn stalk;
seed coating: pouring the seeds into the mixed solution of the coating preparation, stirring and airing, and sowing;
(2) and (3) seedling stage:
body building and seedling strengthening: applying 800 times of plant growth regulator and 1000 times of liquid to irrigate roots for 2-3 times, applying 40-60L per mu, and spacing 10-15 days each time;
and (3) nutrition management: controlling the soil humidity to be 65% -70%, after setting seedlings at 4-5 leaf stages, spraying 10-15kg of urea per mu, and after setting seedlings at 6-9 leaf stages, spraying 5-7kg of potassium chloride per mu, and simultaneously covering a mulching film;
biological control: applying 500 times of 800 times of plant source bactericide thymol for 2-3 times, applying 20-40L per mu, and 15-20 days apart each time;
(3) heading stage:
monitoring and early warning: detecting pathogenic bacteria or finding out the occurrence tendency of diseases and immediately isolating plants carrying the pathogenic bacteria, and applying 500-800 times of thymol liquid or 10g/L of amaranth of a plant source extract or 50g/L of rhizoma acori graminei when the disease index is more than 1 and less than 3, wherein 20-40L of thymol liquid or 2-3 times of amaranth of the plant source extract is applied per mu, and the interval is 10-15 days;
ecological management: hanging 1 orange insect-attracting color plate 20-25cm away from the ground surface in each mu of planting area, and changing every 2-3 months; every 300m21 multifunctional electrostatic insect killing lamp is hung, the hanging height is 50-60cm above the seedling, and the lamp is cleaned for 1 time every 1-2 months;
biological control: when the disease index is more than 3 and less than 10, applying 500-800 times of plant source bactericide thymol liquid, or 10g/L of plant source extract of amaranth, or 50g/L of rhizoma acori graminei, and applying 40-60L per mu for 2-3 times at an interval of 10-15 days;
emergency measures: administering meperflutonazol or etazolin when the disease index is greater than 10;
(4) and (3) during the flowering stage:
monitoring and early warning: the disease is found to be immediately isolated from the plant carrying the pathogenic bacteria, when the disease index is less than 5, 800 times of liquid of thymol 500-;
biological control: when the disease index is more than 5, applying the biological agent, diluting and spraying for 2-3 times at intervals of 10-15 days according to 100-140 g/mu;
elimination and killing of disease sources: after harvesting the corns, removing the patrinia scabiosaefolia leaves, and then spreading 35-70kg of quicklime per mu.
2. The method for whole-course ecological light and simple pest control of the stem base rot of the corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crop rotation in the step (1) a is cucurbitaceae or rice, and the interplanting in the step (1) is interplanting with garlic or green Chinese onion.
3. The method for whole-course ecological light and simple pest control of the corn stalk basal rot, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil treatment in step (1) c comprises the specific steps of ploughing, ridging, film covering, sun exposure and disinfection.
4. The whole-course ecological mild hazard control method for the corn stalk base rot disease as claimed in claim 3, wherein the disinfection is that 30-60kg of quicklime is applied to each mu of soil, and the furrow comprises 10g/L of the plant source extract or 50g/L of the grassleaf sweelflag rhizome applied to each mu of soil, wherein the plant source extract is 40-60L.
5. The method for whole-course ecological light and simple pest control of corn stalk basal rot, according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed mass in the seed coating of step (1) is 1kg, and the coating preparation mixture comprises 2mL of 38 wt.% phenylate fluke-thiacloprid suspended seed coating agent, 1mL of 47 wt.% carbosulfan missible oil, 10g of warning color and 2L of tap water.
6. The whole-course ecological mild harm control method for the corn stalk base rot disease according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency measure in the step (3) is specifically applied by diluting and spraying 20-60 g/mu of the chlorofluoroether ipconazole or 50-100 g/mu of the etazolin for 2-3 times, each time with an interval of 10-15 days.
7. The whole-course ecological mild harm control method for the basal rot of the corn stalk according to claim 1, characterized in that the biological agent in the step (4) is 3 hundred million cfu/g of Gukean.
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