CN113765466A - Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method and motor controller - Google Patents
Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method and motor controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN113765466A CN113765466A CN202111096382.9A CN202111096382A CN113765466A CN 113765466 A CN113765466 A CN 113765466A CN 202111096382 A CN202111096382 A CN 202111096382A CN 113765466 A CN113765466 A CN 113765466A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overvoltage protection circuit, an overvoltage protection method and a motor controller, and belongs to the technical field of high voltage. The overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the voltage sampling circuit samples voltage of a direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal, the overvoltage comparison circuit compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage signal is generated, the signal processing circuit processes the signal according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal, and the driving execution circuit controls a motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal. According to the invention, the voltage sampling is carried out on the direct current bus, and when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first reference voltage, the driving motor control system is controlled to enter a safe state, so that the rapid hardware overvoltage protection is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high voltage, in particular to an overvoltage protection circuit, an overvoltage protection method and a motor controller.
Background
When the vehicle is in high-speed electricity generation running state and battery main contactor is in under the condition of unusual disconnection, the phenomenon of overvoltage can appear because of the impact of PMSM back emf to drive motor controller connection direct current bus electric capacity both ends voltage, and overvoltage phenomenon can be along with motor back emf increases and the generated power increases and aggravation, need adopt overvoltage protection when overvoltage phenomenon takes place to cause equipment damage or cause the incident.
At present, a driving motor controller generally needs to be switched from a normal operation mode to a safety mode within a time of tens of microseconds to hundreds of microseconds, the action time of an existing hardware overvoltage protection scheme is tens of microseconds to hundreds of microseconds, but when the back electromotive force of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is far higher than the withstand voltage value of a high-voltage component in a driving motor control system or the power generation power of a vehicle is large, the driving motor controller needs to be switched from the normal operation mode to the safety mode within a shorter time.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an overvoltage protection circuit, an overvoltage protection method and a motor controller, and aims to solve the technical problem that the high-voltage safety of high-voltage components inside the motor controller cannot be effectively guaranteed in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an overvoltage protection circuit, which comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit, which are connected in sequence;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the direct current bus and generating a voltage sampling signal;
the overvoltage comparison circuit is used for comparing the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage and generating an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage;
the signal processing circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate enable signals and active short-circuit signals;
the driving execution circuit is used for controlling the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short-circuit signal;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the direct current bus and generating a voltage sampling signal;
the overvoltage comparison circuit is used for comparing the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage and generating an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage;
the signal processing circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate enable signals and active short-circuit signals;
and the driving execution circuit is used for controlling the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short-circuit signal.
Optionally, the signal processing circuit includes a digital isolation circuit and a logic inverting circuit connected in parallel with each other;
the digital isolation circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate enable signals;
and the logic inverting circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate active short-circuit signals.
Optionally, the logic inverting circuit includes a switching tube;
the control end of the switch tube is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, the first end of the switch tube is connected with the power supply, and the second end of the switch tube is connected with the direct-current bus.
Optionally, the logic inverting circuit further includes a delay circuit.
Optionally, the delay circuit comprises a first resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the control end of the switching tube; the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the switch tube.
Optionally, the overvoltage signal input end of the digital isolation circuit and the overvoltage signal input end of the logic inverting circuit are respectively connected to the overvoltage signal output end of the overvoltage comparison circuit, the low-voltage-side enable signal output end of the digital isolation circuit is connected to the low-voltage-side enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit, and the high-voltage-side enable signal output end of the logic inverting circuit is respectively connected to the high-voltage-side enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit.
In addition, to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides an overvoltage protection method applied to the overvoltage protection circuit described above, the overvoltage protection circuit including: the overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit;
the overvoltage protection method comprises the following steps:
the voltage sampling circuit samples the voltage of the direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal;
the overvoltage comparison circuit compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, and generates an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage;
the signal processing circuit performs signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal;
and the driving execution circuit controls the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short circuit signal.
Optionally, the driving execution circuit controls the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal, and includes:
when the sampling voltage is greater than the first reference voltage, the driving execution circuit controls all bridge arms of the motor controller to be switched off according to the enabling signal, and controls an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be switched on according to preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal;
and keeping the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be conducted in the process that the sampling voltage is reduced from the first reference voltage to the second reference voltage.
Optionally, after keeping an upper arm or a lower arm of the motor controller turned on in a process that the sampling voltage is decreased from the first reference voltage to a second reference voltage, the method includes:
when the sampling voltage is smaller than the second reference voltage, controlling all bridge arms of the motor controller to be turned off according to the enable signal, and controlling an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be turned off according to preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal;
and in the process that the sampling voltage is increased from the second reference voltage to the first reference voltage, keeping all bridge arms of the motor controller switched off.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a motor controller including the overvoltage protection circuit as described above, or applied to the overvoltage protection method as described above.
The overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the voltage sampling circuit samples voltage of a direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal, the overvoltage comparison circuit compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage signal is generated, the signal processing circuit processes the signal according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal, and the driving execution circuit controls a motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal. According to the invention, the voltage sampling is carried out on the direct current bus, and when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first reference voltage, the driving motor control system is controlled to enter a safe state, so that the rapid hardware overvoltage protection is realized only through hardware.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an overvoltage protection circuit according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a logic diagram of switching between safe mode and safe mode according to an embodiment of the overvoltage protection method of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name (R) |
| 100 | |
300 | |
| 200 | |
400 | Drive execution circuit |
| R1～R6 | First to |
101 | First voltage division unit |
| C1～C2 | First to |
102 | Second voltage division unit |
| HVDC_P | High-voltage positive terminal of direct- |
301 | Digital isolation circuit |
| HVDC_N | High-voltage negative electrode terminal of direct- |
302 | Logic inverting circuit |
| Vref | Reference voltage | CP1 | Digital isolation chip |
| Safe state | Safe state | CP2 | Driving chip |
| ASC | Active short circuit | T1 | Triode transistor |
| Freewheeling | Freewheeling state | A1 | Comparator with a comparator circuit |
| U1 | A first reference voltage | VDD | Power supply |
| U2 | Second reference voltage | Udc | DC bus voltage |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an overvoltage protection circuit, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention.
The overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit 100, an overvoltage comparison circuit 200, a signal processing circuit 300 and a driving execution circuit 400 which are connected in sequence.
It should be noted that a voltage sampling end of the voltage sampling circuit 100 is connected to a high-voltage electrode end of the dc bus, a voltage sampling signal output end of the voltage sampling circuit 100 is connected to a voltage sampling signal input end of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200, an overvoltage signal output end of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 is connected to an overvoltage signal input end of the signal processing circuit 300, an enable signal output end of the signal processing circuit 300 is connected to an enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit 400, and a control end of the driving execution circuit 400 is connected to a control end of the driving motor control system.
It is easy to understand that when high-speed power generation occurs and the main contactor of the battery is abnormally disconnected, the overvoltage protection circuit controls the driving motor control system, the normal operation mode can be switched to a safe state (an active short-circuit state) within ten microseconds, an energy transfer loop between the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the high-voltage direct-current bus is quickly cut off, and the voltage on two sides of the high-voltage direct-current bus is controlled within a voltage-resistant range of a high-voltage component, so that the high-voltage safety target of the whole vehicle is met.
The voltage sampling circuit 100 is configured to perform voltage sampling on the dc bus to generate a voltage sampling signal.
It should be understood that the voltage sampling circuit 100 may sample the voltage of the dc bus by using a resistor voltage division manner, the voltage sampling signal may include a sampling voltage of the dc bus, that is, a voltage sampling result, and the voltage division resistance value may be determined according to the voltage level of the dc bus, so that the overvoltage protection circuit is ensured to be safely used while the voltage is accurately sampled.
The overvoltage comparing circuit 200 is configured to compare the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, and generate an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage.
It is understood that the over-voltage comparing circuit 200 may first filter the voltage sampling signal to remove unnecessary noise during the sampling process, and then compare the sampling voltage in the filtered voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, where the first reference voltage may be a minimum value in a withstand voltage range of a high-voltage component inside the driving motor controller.
It is easy to understand that, through voltage comparison, when the sampling voltage of the dc bus is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 generates the overvoltage signal which may be a low level signal, and when the signal is a low level, it indicates that the overvoltage fault occurs, and correspondingly, when the sampling voltage does not exceed the first reference voltage, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 generates the overvoltage signal which may be a high level signal, and when the signal is a high level, it indicates that the overvoltage fault does not occur or the overvoltage fault disappears.
The signal processing circuit 300 is configured to perform signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal.
It is understood that the signal processing circuit 300 may perform signal isolation or logical inversion on the over-voltage signal. When the generated enable signal is applied to the low voltage side of the drive execution circuit 400, the drive execution circuit 400 may be enabled to cause the drive execution circuit 400 to execute pulse width modulation wave generation if the enable signal is a high level signal, and the drive execution circuit 400 may be disabled to prohibit the drive execution circuit 400 from executing pulse width modulation wave generation if the enable signal is a low level signal.
It should be appreciated that by logically inverting the over-voltage signal, the drive execution circuit 400 can be caused to output a high level when the generated active short signal is applied to the high-voltage side of the drive execution circuit 400. The priority of the high-side active short signal (high-side enable signal) is higher than the priority of the low-side enable signal.
And the driving execution circuit 400 is used for controlling the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal.
It is easy to understand that the driving execution circuit 400 can make its own enable pin in a low level invalid state according to the low-voltage side enable signal, and then control the driving motor control system to enter a safe state according to the high-voltage side active short circuit signal, and before the dc bus voltage exceeds the maximum value in the withstand voltage range of the high-voltage components inside the driving motor controller, enter the safe state within ten microseconds, so as to implement fast hardware overvoltage protection.
The overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit 100, an overvoltage comparison circuit 200, a signal processing circuit 300 and a driving execution circuit 400 which are connected in sequence, wherein the voltage sampling circuit 100 samples voltage of a direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage signal is generated, the signal processing circuit 300 processes the signal according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal, and the driving execution circuit 400 controls a motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal. According to the invention, the voltage sampling is carried out on the direct current bus, and when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first reference voltage, the driving motor control system is controlled to enter a safe state, so that the rapid overvoltage protection is realized only through hardware.
Based on the first embodiment of the present invention, a second embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention is provided, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention.
In the second embodiment, the voltage sampling circuit 100 includes a first voltage dividing unit 101 and a second voltage dividing unit 102.
The voltage input end of the first voltage division unit 101 is connected with the high-voltage positive end of the direct-current bus, the voltage input end of the second voltage division unit 102 is connected with the high-voltage negative end of the direct-current bus, and the voltage output end of the first voltage division unit 101 and the voltage output end of the second voltage division unit 102 are respectively connected with the voltage sampling signal input end of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200.
It should be understood that the first voltage dividing unit 101 and the second voltage dividing unit 102 each include a number of voltage dividing resistors, the number of the voltage dividing resistors is determined by the voltage level of the dc bus, and the number of the voltage dividing resistors in the first voltage dividing unit 101 and the number of the voltage dividing resistors in the second voltage dividing unit 102 may be the same or different.
It is easy to understand that HVDC _ P is a high-voltage positive end of the dc bus, HVDC _ N is a high-voltage negative end of the dc bus, the first voltage dividing unit 101 and the second voltage dividing unit 102 jointly implement voltage dividing function to output the sampling voltage of the dc bus to the overvoltage comparison circuit 200, the voltage sampling signal may include the sampling voltage of the dc bus, i.e. the voltage sampling result, and the overvoltage protection circuit is ensured to be safely used while implementing accurate voltage sampling.
In the second embodiment, the over-voltage comparing circuit 200 includes a third resistor R3, a second capacitor C2, and a comparator a 1.
A first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a voltage sampling signal output end of the voltage sampling circuit 100, a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a first end of the second capacitor C2 and a negative input end of the comparator a1, a second end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded, and an output end of the comparator a1 is connected to an overvoltage signal input end of the signal processing circuit 300.
It should be noted that the voltage sampling signal is filtered and then sent to the negative input terminal of the comparator a1, the reference voltage may be input from the positive input terminal of the comparator a1, the voltage value of the reference voltage may be the first reference voltage, that is, the minimum value in the withstand voltage range of the high-voltage component inside the drive motor controller, the comparator a1 compares the sampling voltage in the filtered voltage sampling signal with the provided reference voltage, and outputs the overvoltage signal, that is, the comparison result, to the signal processing circuit 300.
It is easily understood that the third resistor R3 and the second capacitor C2 filter the voltage sampling signal. When the sampling voltage of the dc bus is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 generates the overvoltage signal, which may be a low level signal, and when the signal is a low level, it indicates that the overvoltage fault occurs, and accordingly, when the sampling voltage does not exceed the first reference voltage, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 generates the overvoltage signal, which may be a high level invalid signal, and when the signal is a high level, it indicates that the overvoltage fault does not occur or the overvoltage fault disappears.
In the second embodiment, the signal processing circuit 300 includes a digital isolation circuit 301 and a logical inversion circuit 302 connected in parallel.
The digital isolation circuit 301 is configured to perform signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal.
The logic inverting circuit 302 is configured to perform signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an active short-circuit signal.
The overvoltage signal input end of the digital isolation circuit 301 and the overvoltage signal input end of the logic inverting circuit 302 are respectively connected with the overvoltage signal output end of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200, the low-voltage side enable signal output end of the digital isolation circuit 301 is connected with the low-voltage side enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit 400, and the high-voltage side enable signal output end of the logic inverting circuit 302 is respectively connected with the high-voltage side enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit 400.
Further, the low-voltage side enable signal output end of the digital isolation circuit 301 is connected to the upper-bridge-wall low-voltage side enable signal input end and the lower-bridge-wall low-voltage side enable signal input end of the driving execution circuit, respectively, and the high-voltage side enable signal output end of the logic negation circuit 302 is connected to the upper-bridge-wall high-voltage side active short-circuit signal input end or the lower-bridge-wall high-voltage side active short-circuit signal input end of the driving execution circuit.
It is easy to understand that the digital isolation circuit 301 may be configured to digitally isolate the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal applied to the low-voltage side of the driving execution circuit 400, and the logic inverting circuit 302 may be configured to logically invert according to the overvoltage signal to generate an active short-circuit signal applied to the high-voltage side of the driving execution circuit 400, where first the low-voltage side enable signal may enable the enable pin of the driving execution circuit 400 to be in a low-level inactive state, and then the driving execution circuit 400 controls the driving motor control system to enter a safe state according to the high-voltage side active short-circuit signal, where a priority of the high-voltage side active short-circuit signal is higher than a priority of the low-voltage side enable signal.
The digital isolation circuit 301 includes a digital isolation chip CP 1.
An overvoltage signal input end of the digital isolation chip CP1 is connected to an overvoltage signal output end of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200, a low-voltage side enable signal output end of the digital isolation chip CP1 is connected to an upper bridge wall low-voltage side enable signal input end and a lower bridge wall low-voltage side enable signal input end of the drive execution circuit, and an enable signal is active at a high level.
It should be understood that the digital isolation circuit 301 may include the digital isolation chip CP1 and peripheral circuits of the digital isolation chip CP1, the peripheral circuits assist the digital isolation chip CP1 in operation, and the digital isolation chip CP1 has a digital isolation function. The enable signal generated by the digital isolation chip CP1 may act on the low voltage side of the driving execution circuit 400, and if the enable signal is a high level signal, the driving execution circuit 400 may be enabled to enable the driving execution circuit 400 to execute the pulse width modulation wave generation, and if the enable signal is a low level signal, the driving execution circuit 400 may be disabled to prohibit the driving execution circuit 400 from executing the pulse width modulation wave generation.
In a second embodiment, the logical inversion circuit comprises a switch tube; the control end of the switch tube is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, the first end of the switch tube is connected with the power supply, and the second end of the switch tube is connected with the direct-current bus.
The logic inverting circuit also comprises a delay circuit; the delay circuit comprises a first resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the control end of the switching tube; the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the switch tube.
In a specific implementation, the logic inverting circuit 302 includes a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, a second resistor R2, and a transistor T1, and the switching tube may provide an output voltage of the power supply for the transistor T1 and the dc bus.
The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the overvoltage signal output terminal of the overvoltage comparison circuit 200, the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1 and the base of the transistor T1, the emitter of the transistor T1 is connected to the second end of the first capacitor C1, the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply, the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the collector of the transistor T1, and the collector of the transistor T1 is connected to the high-voltage-side enable signal input terminal of the driving execution circuit 400.
It is understood that the overvoltage signal is filtered and delayed to be sent to the base of the transistor T1, and after logic inversion, the high-side active short-circuit signal is sent to the enable pin of the high-side of the upper three-bridge (or lower three-bridge) driver execution circuit 400, and when the active short-circuit signal generated by the logic inversion circuit 302 acts on the high-side of the driver execution circuit 400, the driver execution circuit 400 can output a high level. The first resistor R1 and the first capacitor C1 are used for filtering and briefly delaying the overvoltage signal, and the purpose is to ensure that when the high-voltage side enable signal acts, the low-voltage side enable signal is already at a low level, so that the driving execution circuit 400 is prohibited from executing pulse width modulation wave generation, and the upper and lower bridge switching tubes are prevented from being directly damaged. The second resistor R2 is a current-limiting resistor at the collector of the transistor T1, and the power supply provides the supply voltage for the transistor T1.
In a specific implementation, the overvoltage comparison circuit 200 further includes a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, and a sixth resistor R6.
The first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the voltage output end of the reference voltage source, the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the positive input end of the comparator a1 and the first end of the fifth resistor R5, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output end of the comparator a1, the first end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the voltage output end of the power supply, and the second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output end of the comparator a 1.
It is understood that Vref is a reference voltage, the reference voltage outputted by the reference voltage source is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator a1 through the fourth resistor R4, and the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 together determine the threshold voltage amplitude of the comparator a 1. VDD is a power supply, the output power supply voltage of the power supply is connected with the output end of the comparator A1 through a sixth resistor R6, and the sixth resistor R6 is a pull-up resistor at the output end of the comparator A1.
In the second embodiment, the drive execution circuit 400 includes the drive chip CP 2.
An enable signal input end of the driving chip CP2 is connected with an enable signal output end of the signal processing circuit 300, and a control end of the driving chip CP2 is connected with a control end of a driving motor control system.
It is easy to understand that when an overvoltage fault occurs, the driving chips CP2 of all bridge arms firstly enable all the enable pins to be in a low-level invalid state according to the low-voltage-side enable signal, the driving chip CP2 prohibits the low-voltage-side pulse width modulation wave-sending instruction, then controls the driving motor control system to enter a safe state according to the high-voltage-side enable signal, and enters the safe state within ten microseconds before the voltage of the dc bus exceeds the maximum value in the voltage-withstanding range of the high-voltage component inside the driving motor controller, so as to realize rapid hardware overvoltage protection.
The embodiment is through when the high-speed electricity generation of vehicle operation and the unusual circumstances of disconnection of battery main contactor, according to direct current busbar voltage threshold value and slope change law, through control driving motor control system get into accurate safe state fast, guarantee that whole process direct current busbar voltage is less than the maximum value of the inside high-voltage device withstand voltage scope of driving motor controller all the time, finally satisfy the high-pressure safety target of whole car, ensure people's car safety, overvoltage protection circuit cost is lower, and control logic is simple clear, has higher sampling and control accuracy, high reliability, response speed is fast, can satisfy the quick overvoltage protection of different PMSM back emf and power generation system.
Further, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an overvoltage protection method, and referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the overvoltage protection method according to the present invention, where the overvoltage protection method is applied to the overvoltage protection circuit described above, and the overvoltage protection circuit includes: the device comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit.
In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection method includes the following steps:
step S10: the voltage sampling circuit samples voltage of the direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal.
It is easy to understand that when high-speed power generation occurs and the main contactor of the battery is abnormally disconnected, the overvoltage protection circuit controls the driving motor control system, the normal operation mode can be switched to a safe state (an active short-circuit state) within ten microseconds, an energy transfer loop between the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the high-voltage direct-current bus is quickly cut off, and the voltage on two sides of the high-voltage direct-current bus is controlled within a voltage-resistant range of a high-voltage component, so that the high-voltage safety target of the whole vehicle is met.
It should be understood that the voltage sampling circuit may sample the voltage of the dc bus by using a resistor voltage division manner, the voltage sampling signal may include a sampling voltage of the dc bus, that is, a voltage sampling result, and the voltage division resistance value may be determined according to the voltage level of the dc bus, so that the overvoltage protection circuit is ensured to be safely used while the voltage is accurately sampled.
Step S20: the overvoltage comparison circuit compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, and generates an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage.
It can be understood that the overvoltage comparing circuit may first filter the voltage sampling signal to remove unnecessary noise in the sampling process, and then compare the sampling voltage in the filtered voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage provided, where the first reference voltage may be a minimum value in a withstand voltage range of a high-voltage component inside the driving motor controller.
It is easy to understand that, through voltage comparison, when the sampling voltage of the dc bus is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, the overvoltage signal generated by the overvoltage comparison circuit may be a low level signal, and when the signal is a low level, it indicates that an overvoltage fault occurs.
Step S30: and the signal processing circuit performs signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal.
It will be appreciated that the signal processing circuit may perform signal isolation or logical inversion on the overvoltage signal. When the generated enable signal acts on the low-voltage side of the drive execution circuit, if the enable signal is a high-level signal, the drive execution circuit can be enabled to enable the drive execution circuit to execute pulse width modulation wave sending, and if the enable signal is a low-level signal, the drive execution circuit can be closed to prohibit the drive execution circuit from executing pulse width modulation wave sending.
It should be appreciated that by logically inverting the over-voltage signal, the drive execution circuit can be caused to output a high level when the generated active short signal is applied to the high side of the drive execution circuit. The priority of the high-side active short signal (high-side enable signal) is higher than the priority of the low-side enable signal.
Step S40: and the driving execution circuit controls the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short circuit signal.
It is easy to understand that the driving execution circuit can make the self-enabling pin in a low-level invalid state according to the low-voltage side enabling signal, then control the driving motor control system to enter a safe state according to the high-voltage side active short-circuit signal, and enter the safe state within ten microseconds before the direct-current bus voltage exceeds the maximum value in the withstand voltage range of the high-voltage component in the driving motor controller, so as to realize rapid hardware overvoltage protection.
Further, the step S40 includes: and when the sampling voltage is greater than the first reference voltage, the driving execution circuit controls all bridge arms of the motor controller to be switched off according to the enabling signal, and controls an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be switched on according to the preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal.
And keeping the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be conducted in the process that the sampling voltage is reduced from the first reference voltage to the second reference voltage.
After the step S40, the method includes: and when the sampling voltage is smaller than the second reference voltage, controlling all bridge arms of the motor controller to be switched off according to the enable signal, and controlling an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be switched off according to the preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal.
And in the process that the sampling voltage is increased from the second reference voltage to the first reference voltage, keeping all bridge arms of the motor controller switched off.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a logic diagram of switching between the safe mode and the safe mode according to an embodiment of the overvoltage protection circuit of the present invention. And measuring a voltage sampling signal on the direct current bus. When the sampling voltage in the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to U1 (first reference voltage), the overvoltage signal is at a low level, the overvoltage signal firstly enables the enable pins at the low voltage side of the drive chips CP2 of all bridge arms to be in a low-level invalid mode after isolation, and is sent to the enable pins at the high voltage side of the CP2 of the three-bridge (or lower three-bridge) drive chip after short time delay and logical inversion, the drive motor controller immediately enters a safe state, namely an ASC state (active short-circuit state), and when the sampling voltage is reduced from U1 to U2 (from the first reference voltage to the second reference voltage), the drive motor controller is maintained in the ASC state; when the sampling voltage is less than or equal to U2, the overvoltage signal is at a high level, which makes the enable pins at the low-voltage side of the driver chips CP2 of all bridge arms in a high-level active mode after isolation (at this time, the driver chip CP2 should prohibit sending pulse width modulation wave-sending commands to prevent driving the upper and lower bridges from going through), and at the same time, the overvoltage signal is sent to the enable pin at the high-voltage side of the three-bridge (or lower three-bridge) driver chip CP2 after short time delay and logic inversion, the driver motor controller immediately exits from the ASC state and enters a freewheelling state, i.e., a follow current state, and when the dc bus voltage rises from U2 to U1 (the second reference voltage rises to the first reference voltage), the motor controller is maintained in the freewheelling state of a safe state, and the safe state mode is arbitrarily switched along with the change of the dc bus voltage and has a strong anti-interference capability. Wherein Safe state represents a Safe state, Udc represents a direct current bus voltage, U1 and U2 of the direct current bus voltage can be two different reference voltages at two ends of a direct current bus capacitor of a drive motor controller, and the amplitude of the direct current bus voltage U1 is greater than or equal to the amplitude of the direct current bus voltage U2; the threshold width between the dc bus voltage U1 and the dc bus voltage U2 can be adjusted by changing the resistance values of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3.
In the embodiment, voltage sampling is performed on a direct-current bus through a voltage sampling circuit to generate a voltage sampling signal, an overvoltage comparison circuit performs voltage comparison on the voltage sampling signal and a first reference voltage, when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage, an overvoltage signal is generated, a signal processing circuit performs signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal, and a driving execution circuit controls a motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short-circuit signal. In the embodiment, voltage sampling is carried out on the direct-current bus, and when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal exceeds the first reference voltage, the driving motor control system is controlled to enter a safe state, so that the rapid hardware overvoltage protection is realized.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a motor controller, which comprises the overvoltage protection circuit or is applied to the overvoltage protection method.
Since the motor controller adopts all technical solutions of all the embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the embodiments are achieved, and no further description is given here.
It should be understood that the above is only an example, and the technical solution of the present invention is not limited in any way, and in a specific application, a person skilled in the art may set the technical solution as needed, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
It should be noted that the above-described work flows are only exemplary, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and in practical applications, a person skilled in the art may select some or all of them to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment according to actual needs, and the present invention is not limited herein.
In addition, technical details that are not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to the overvoltage protection circuit, the overvoltage protection method, and the motor controller provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and are not described herein again.
Further, it is to be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the method of the above embodiments can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation manner. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention or portions thereof that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, where the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (e.g. Read Only Memory (ROM)/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes several instructions for enabling a terminal device (e.g. a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The overvoltage protection circuit is characterized by comprising a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit which are sequentially connected;
the voltage sampling circuit is used for sampling the voltage of the direct current bus and generating a voltage sampling signal;
the overvoltage comparison circuit is used for comparing the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage and generating an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage;
the signal processing circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate enable signals and active short-circuit signals;
and the driving execution circuit is used for controlling the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short-circuit signal.
2. The overvoltage protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit includes a digital isolation circuit and a logic negation circuit in parallel with each other;
the digital isolation circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate enable signals;
and the logic inverting circuit is used for processing signals according to the overvoltage signals to generate active short-circuit signals.
3. The overvoltage protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the logic negation circuit includes a switching tube;
the control end of the switch tube is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, the first end of the switch tube is connected with the power supply, and the second end of the switch tube is connected with the direct-current bus.
4. The overvoltage protection circuit of claim 3, wherein the logic negation circuit further comprises a delay circuit.
5. The overvoltage protection circuit of claim 4, wherein the delay circuit includes a first resistor and a first capacitor;
the first end of the first resistor is connected with the overvoltage comparison circuit, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the control end of the switching tube; the first end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second capacitor is connected with the second end of the switch tube.
6. The overvoltage protection circuit of claim 2, wherein the overvoltage signal input terminal of the digital isolation circuit and the overvoltage signal input terminal of the logic inverting circuit are respectively connected to the overvoltage signal output terminal of the overvoltage comparison circuit, the low-side enable signal output terminal of the digital isolation circuit is connected to the low-side enable signal input terminal of the driving execution circuit, and the high-side enable signal output terminal of the logic inverting circuit is respectively connected to the high-side enable signal input terminal of the driving execution circuit.
7. An overvoltage protection method applied to an overvoltage protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the overvoltage protection circuit comprising: the overvoltage protection circuit comprises a voltage sampling circuit, an overvoltage comparison circuit, a signal processing circuit and a driving execution circuit, and the overvoltage protection method comprises the following steps:
the voltage sampling circuit samples the voltage of the direct current bus to generate a voltage sampling signal;
the overvoltage comparison circuit compares the voltage sampling signal with a first reference voltage, and generates an overvoltage signal when the sampling voltage of the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the first reference voltage;
the signal processing circuit performs signal processing according to the overvoltage signal to generate an enable signal and an active short-circuit signal;
and the driving execution circuit controls the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enabling signal and the active short circuit signal.
8. The overvoltage protection method according to claim 7, wherein the driving execution circuit controls the motor controller to enter a safe state according to the enable signal and the active short circuit signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the sampling voltage is greater than the first reference voltage, the driving execution circuit controls all bridge arms of the motor controller to be switched off according to the enabling signal, and controls an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be switched on according to preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal;
and keeping the upper bridge arm or the lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be conducted in the process that the sampling voltage is reduced from the first reference voltage to the second reference voltage.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein after keeping an upper leg or a lower leg of the motor controller conductive during the process of reducing the sampled voltage from the first reference voltage to a second reference voltage, the method further comprises:
when the sampling voltage is smaller than the second reference voltage, controlling all bridge arms of the motor controller to be turned off according to the enable signal, and controlling an upper bridge arm or a lower bridge arm of the motor controller to be turned off according to preset delay time of the active short-circuit signal;
and in the process that the sampling voltage is increased from the second reference voltage to the first reference voltage, keeping all bridge arms of the motor controller switched off.
10. A motor controller, characterized in that the motor controller comprises an overvoltage protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or is applied to an overvoltage protection method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111096382.9A CN113765466B (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method and motor controller |
| PCT/CN2022/083785 WO2023040236A1 (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2022-03-29 | Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method, and motor controller |
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| CN202111096382.9A CN113765466B (en) | 2021-09-17 | 2021-09-17 | Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method and motor controller |
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| CN113765466B CN113765466B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115499573A (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-12-20 | 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 | Video camera |
| WO2023040236A1 (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-03-23 | 苏州汇川联合动力***有限公司 | Overvoltage protection circuit, overvoltage protection method, and motor controller |
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| CN113765466B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
| WO2023040236A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
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