CN113758865A - Soil adhesion testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Soil adhesion testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113758865A CN113758865A CN202111049480.7A CN202111049480A CN113758865A CN 113758865 A CN113758865 A CN 113758865A CN 202111049480 A CN202111049480 A CN 202111049480A CN 113758865 A CN113758865 A CN 113758865A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a soil adhesion test device and a test method, wherein the test device comprises: a mounting base (1); the accommodating part (13) is fixed on the mounting base (1), the accommodating part (13) is provided with an accommodating cavity (131) for accommodating soil, two ends of the accommodating cavity (131) along a first direction (z) are respectively provided with a first opening (132) and a second opening (133), a force transfer plate (14) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (131), and the force transfer plate is movably arranged in the accommodating cavity (131) along the first direction (z); and a force application member movably provided on the mounting base (1) in the first direction (z), the force application member being configured to drive the force transmission plate (14) to move in the first direction (z) from the outside of the accommodating member (13) through the second opening (133) so as to move the soil toward the first opening (132); the force application part is internally provided with a force detection part (8) for detecting the external force applied in the movement process of the force application part so as to obtain the adhesion force of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity (131).
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of adhesion testing, in particular to a soil adhesion testing device and a testing method.
Background
Soil adhesion is a common industrial problem in earth moving machinery earth touching operation, such as an excavator, a bulldozer, a rotary drilling rig, a subsoiler and the like, and the soil adhesion phenomenon on the surface of the machinery is easy to occur in the operation in a viscous and wet environment, so that the problems of low operation productivity, poor construction quality, high loss of mechanical equipment, poor driving performance and operability and the like are caused. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, researchers need to firstly study the adhesion characteristics of the soil to obtain quantitative adhesion indexes of the soil adhesion force, and then develop a visbreaking desorption technical study to reduce the adhesion force of the soil to the surface of the working machine.
At present, the normal adhesion and the tangential adhesion of soil to the surface of a material are generally used as evaluation indexes for evaluating the adhesion of soil, but when the actual contact of the soil and the surface of the material is acted by pushing, squeezing and the like, the adhesion is not caused by the single normal or tangential adhesion of the soil, and is also influenced by factors such as the pressure and the water content in the soil, so that the current single adhesion evaluation method cannot truly reflect the real soil desorption state of the surface of the machine tool material, the research and the process feasibility of the visbreaking desorption technology cannot be accurately evaluated, and the development of the visbreaking desorption technology is restricted. Therefore, the development of a device and a method capable of accurately measuring and evaluating the adhesion of soil to the surface of a material of a working machine is needed, and the device and the method have important significance for the development of viscosity-reducing desorption products and processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure provides a soil adhesion testing device and a testing method, which can conveniently and accurately test the soil adhesion.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a soil adhesion testing device, including:
mounting a base;
the accommodating piece is fixed on the mounting base and provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating soil, two ends of the accommodating cavity in the first direction are respectively provided with a first opening and a second opening, a force transmission plate is arranged in the accommodating cavity, and the force transmission plate is movably arranged in the accommodating cavity in the first direction; and
the force application component is movably arranged on the mounting base along the first direction and is configured to drive the force transmission plate to move along the first direction from the outer side of the accommodating piece through the second opening so as to enable the whole soil to move towards the first opening; the force application part is internally provided with a force detection part which is configured to detect the external force applied in the moving process of the force application part so as to obtain the adhesion force of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity.
In some embodiments, the force application member is positioned below the receptacle prior to application of the external force to apply a lifting force to the soil through the force transfer plate.
In some embodiments, the soil adhesion testing device further comprises:
the first fixing plate is fixed on the mounting base, and is provided with a first avoidance hole and at least two first mounting holes arranged around the first avoidance hole, and the first avoidance hole is configured to expose the first opening;
the second fixing plate and the first fixing plate are arranged on one side close to the force application component at intervals in the first direction, a second avoidance hole and at least two second mounting holes arranged around the second avoidance hole are formed in the second fixing plate, and the second avoidance hole is configured to enable the second opening to be exposed; and
the support columns penetrate through the first mounting holes and the second mounting holes and are fixed, so that the accommodating part is limited between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate.
In some embodiments, the side wall of the receiving cavity has a limiting boss at the second opening, configured to limit the force transmission plate from coming out of the second opening.
In some embodiments, the force application component comprises:
the moving plate is movably arranged on the mounting base along a first direction; and
and the force application column is arranged on the movable plate through the force detection part and is opposite to the second opening.
In some embodiments, the soil adhesion testing device further comprises: the driving mechanism is configured to drive the moving plate to move through the linear transmission mechanism.
In some embodiments, the soil adhesion testing device further comprises a displacement detecting member configured to detect a displacement of the force application member.
In some embodiments, the mounting base is provided with a first limiting member and a second limiting member, which are respectively used for limiting the extreme displacement of the force application member moving in the opposite direction along the first direction.
In some embodiments, the soil adhesion testing device further includes a controller configured to obtain a peak value of the detection value of the force detection part and subtract the first weight of the soil and the second weight of the force transmission plate from the peak value to obtain the adhesion of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receiving member.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a testing method of the soil adhesion testing device according to the above embodiments, including:
the force application component moves from the outer side of the accommodating part to the second opening and passes through the second opening to drive the force transmission plate to move for a preset distance along the first direction, so that the soil integrally moves towards the first opening;
detecting an external force applied in the moving process of the force application part through the force detection part;
and obtaining the adhesion force of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity according to the external force.
In some embodiments, the preset distance is configured to move the soil in the receiving member as a whole and peak a detection value of the force detecting part.
In some embodiments, before moving the force application member from the outside of the accommodating member toward the second opening, the method further includes:
placing soil in the containing part and pressing the force transmission plate;
applying a preset load to the soil from the first opening to compact the soil and scraping off excess soil to enable the soil to be attached to the inner wall of the containing piece and the force transmission plate;
the receiving member is fixed to the mounting base.
In some embodiments, the force application member is located below the receptacle before the application of the external force to apply a lifting force to the soil through the force transfer plate, and deriving the adhesion of the soil relative to the inner wall of the receptacle from the external force comprises:
acquiring a first weight of soil in the containing member and a second weight of the force transfer plate;
the first weight and the second weight are subtracted from the external force to obtain the adhesion of the soil relative to the inner wall of the containing member.
In some embodiments, the testing method further comprises:
and replacing the containing parts with different surface treatment states to obtain the change law of the adhesion force of the soil to the containing parts with different surface treatment states.
According to the soil adhesion force testing device disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure, the external force is applied to the force transfer plate through the applying component so as to drive the soil to integrally move relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity, the integrity of the soil can be ensured in the test process, the test condition is closer to the desorption state of the soil and the surface of a machine tool, and the adhesion force is closer to the real adhesion force value; moreover, because the soil has tangential and normal acting forces on the side wall of the accommodating cavity at the same time, the obtained value is the comprehensive value of the tangential and normal acting forces, namely the integral adhesion value, rather than the single normal adhesion value and the tangential adhesion value, and the actual adhesion force of the soil can be truly reflected; in addition, the containing part is matched with a method for driving soil to move through the dowel plate, the moisture content range of soil testing can be improved, and the problem that the adhesion force cannot be tested due to overhigh moisture content is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of some embodiments of a soil adhesion testing device of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a front view of some embodiments of the soil adhesion testing device of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a side view of some embodiments of a soil adhesion testing device of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a receiving member in the soil adhesion testing device according to the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an installation of some embodiments of a receptacle in a soil adhesion testing device of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 to 8 are schematic diagrams of soil adhesion test curves under a first working condition, a second working condition and a third working condition, respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are presented only for the convenience of describing and simplifying the disclosure, and in the absence of a contrary indication, these directional terms are not intended to indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the disclosure; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to define the components, and are used only for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and if not otherwise stated, the terms have no special meaning, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the present disclosure provides a soil adhesion testing device, in some embodiments, comprising: the base 1, the accommodating member 13, and the urging member are mounted.
The mounting base 1 includes a base body 11 and a mounting post 12, wherein the mounting post 12 is fixed on the base body 11 and forms an L-shaped structure with the base body 11.
The receiving element 13 is fixed on the mounting base 1, and the receiving element 13 has a receiving cavity 131 for receiving soil, for example, the receiving cavity 131 may be made of the same material as the working implement of the working machine, or may be provided with the same surface treatment, so as to more accurately and truly simulate the adhesion characteristics of the soil with respect to the implement.
As shown in fig. 5, the accommodating cavity 131 has a first opening 132 and a second opening 133 at two ends along the first direction z, respectively, the force transmission plate 14 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 131, and the force transmission plate 14 is movably disposed in the accommodating cavity 131 along the first direction z. For example, the receptacle 13 has a cylindrical structure with both ends open, and may have a cylindrical or rectangular cylindrical structure.
As shown in fig. 2, the urging member is provided on the mounting base 1 movably in the first direction z, and is configured to drive the force transmission plate 14 to move in the first direction z from outside the receptacle 13 through the second opening 133 so as to move the entire soil toward the first opening 132. The force application part is provided with a force detection part 8 which is configured to detect the external force applied during the movement of the force application part so as to obtain the adhesion force of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131.
Alternatively, the containing cavity 131 may be filled with soil before the test, or the soil in the containing cavity 131 may move by a distance not exceeding the distance between the soil surface and the first opening 132, and the soil may overflow from the first opening 132 when the force applying member moves the soil; or the soil in the receiving cavity 131 moves a distance less than the distance between the surface of the soil and the first opening 132, and the soil moves only in the receiving cavity 131.
In the prior art, for example, a test mode of drawing soil can only singly test normal adhesion, a test mode of twisting soil can only singly test tangential adhesion, and complex stress modes of pushing, extruding and the like of the surface of a machine tool material on soil cannot be simulated, so that the soil adhesion value cannot be truly reflected.
The embodiment of the disclosure has a simple structure, and external force is applied to the force transfer plate 14 through the applying component to drive the soil to move integrally relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131, so that the integrity of the soil can be ensured in the test process, the test condition is closer to the desorption state of the soil and the surface of a machine tool, and the adhesion force is closer to the real adhesion force value; moreover, compared with a single normal and tangential force bearing mode, the test method has the advantages that due to the fact that the soil has tangential and normal acting forces on the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131, the obtained value is the comprehensive value of the tangential and normal acting forces, namely the integral adhesion value, instead of the single normal adhesion value and the tangential adhesion value, and the actual adhesion force of the soil can be truly reflected; in addition, the accommodating part 13 is matched with a method for driving soil to move through the force transmission plate 14, the water content range of soil testing can be improved, and the problem that the adhesion force cannot be tested due to overhigh water content is solved.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the first direction z is a vertical direction, and the force application member is positioned below the receiving member 13 before the external force is applied to apply a lifting force to the soil through the force transmission plate 14, so that the soil is moved upward with respect to the sidewall of the receiving cavity 131 as a whole. At this time, the first opening 132 is located above the second opening 133, and the force transfer plate 14 is located at the bottom of the soil.
This embodiment makes the mode that soil moved through exerting the jacking force, easily will hold the soil compaction in the chamber 131 to make soil keep intact in the in-process that holds the intracavity 131 and remove, the edge part is difficult for caving, and soil and hold the contact force of chamber 131 inner wall circumference everywhere even, make soil along circumference everywhere adhesion even, thereby can accurately test out the adhesion at the in-process that soil moved.
Alternatively, when the first direction z is a vertical direction, a column may be disposed on the force transmission plate 14 at a position located at the center line of the accommodating member 13, one end of the column is connected to the force transmission plate 14, and the other end extends toward the first opening 132, so that a pulling force is applied to the column from the top of the accommodating member 13 to move the soil relative to the sidewall of the accommodating chamber 131. Alternatively, a force application member may be provided on a side near the first opening 132 to pull the soil from the upper surface, or to press the soil downward from the upper surface, or the like.
Alternatively, the first direction z may be other than the vertical direction, for example, the horizontal direction, and the force application member may apply force from the left or right side of the accommodating member 13.
The following embodiments are described by taking the first direction z as a vertical direction (i.e., applying a lifting force) as an example, but the structures described in the embodiments are not limited thereto, and the embodiments in which the first direction z is any other direction may be applied.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the soil adhesion testing device further comprises: a first fixing plate 16, a second fixing plate 17 and at least two supporting columns 15.
The first fixing plate 16 is fixed to the mounting base 1, the first fixing plate 16 is provided with a first avoiding hole 161 and at least two first mounting holes 162 disposed around the first avoiding hole 161, and the first avoiding hole 161 is configured to expose the first opening 132.
The second fixing plate 17 and the first fixing plate 16 are disposed at an interval in the first direction z on a side close to the force application member, the second fixing plate 17 is provided with a second avoiding hole 171 and at least two second mounting holes 172 disposed around the second avoiding hole 171, and the second avoiding hole 171 is configured to expose the second opening 133.
The support column 15 passes through the first and second mounting holes 162 and 172 and is fixed so that the receiving member 13 is caught between the first and second fixing plates 16 and 17. For example, a first end of the supporting column 15 is fixed on the first fixing plate 16, a second end of the supporting column 15 is movably disposed with respect to the second mounting hole 172, and the second end of the supporting column 15 is locked with the second fixing plate 17 when the second fixing plate 17 is adjusted to fix the receiving member 13 between the first fixing plate 16 and the second fixing plate 17.
Specifically, a first fixing plate 16 may be provided at the top end of the mounting post 12, a second fixing plate 17 may be provided below the first fixing plate 16, and the force application member may be located at a lower region of the second fixing plate 17.
This embodiment can detachably fix the receiving member 13 to the mounting base 1 by the first fixing plate 16 and the second fixing plate 17, facilitates the loading of soil into the receiving member 13, and is fixed to the mounting base 1 by a simple structure after the loading of soil, and such a fixing mechanism can be applied to receiving members 13 of different sizes.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the sidewall of the receiving cavity 131 has a limiting boss 134 at the second opening 133 configured to limit the force transmission plate 14 from escaping from the second opening 133. This embodiment enables to confine the force transmission plate 14 inside the housing cavity 131, preventing the soil from leaking out of the second opening 133 when it is filled with the soil, so as to compact the soil 131 and test the adhesion force more accurately.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-3, the force application component comprises: a moving plate 3 movably provided on the mounting base 1 along a first direction z; and a force application column 9 provided on the moving plate 3 via the force detection member 8 and disposed to face the second opening 133. For example, the moving plate 3 is movably provided on the mounting post 12 in the first direction z. The force application column 9 may have a cylindrical or rectangular column structure, and the force application column 9 may be disposed along the first direction z and configured to drive the force transmission plate 14 to move along the first direction z from the outside of the accommodating part 13 through the second opening 133, so that the soil is moved toward the first opening 132 as a whole.
In some embodiments, the soil adhesion testing device further comprises: a driving mechanism 6 and a linear transmission mechanism 4, wherein the driving mechanism 6 is configured to drive the moving plate 3 to move through the linear transmission mechanism 4. For example, the driving mechanism 6 may be an ac servo motor, and the linear transmission mechanism 4 may be a mechanism capable of performing a linear reciprocating motion, such as a ball screw or a screw nut, and converts a rotary motion at an output end of the driving mechanism 6 into a linear motion to drive the moving plate 3 in the force application member to move in the first direction z. The drive mechanism 6 may be provided with an encoder 7 for detecting the rotational speed at the output of the drive mechanism 6, thereby accurately controlling the rotational speed at the output of the drive mechanism 6.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the linear actuator 4 may be disposed on the mounting base 1, for example, in the mounting post 12, and the driving mechanism 6 and the encoder 7 may be disposed on the base 11, for example, on one side of the mounting post 12 along a second direction y perpendicular to the first direction z. When the first direction z is a vertical direction, the second direction y is in a horizontal plane and is parallel to the side of the mounting post 12 for mounting the moving plate 3, and the third direction x is perpendicular to the first direction z and the second direction y, for example, the third direction x is perpendicular to the side of the mounting post 12 for mounting the moving plate 3.
According to the embodiment, the rotating speed of the driving mechanism 6 can be accurately controlled through the controller 19, so that the force application part is controlled to slowly move at the preset speed, the stress of the soil is ensured to approach to balance in the movement process, the problem of inaccurate test caused by overweight or weightlessness due to instant acceleration or deceleration is solved, the loading force is ensured to be uniform and stable, and the test data is more stable. For example, the preset speed may be selected according to the actual speed of the implement during operation, and the preset speed may be a constant value, a gradient value, a gradual value, or the like during the same-side test.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the soil adhesion force testing device further includes a displacement detecting member 5, such as a photoelectric encoder or an infrared sensor, configured to detect the displacement of the force application member. Specifically, the displacement detecting member 5 may be provided on the top of the mounting post 12 to precisely control the displacement of the force applying member by detecting the displacement of the linear actuator 4, thereby precisely controlling the movement of the soil with respect to the receiving cavity 131.
In some embodiments, the mounting base 1 is provided with a first limiting member 2 and a second limiting member 2', which are respectively used for limiting the extreme displacement of the force application member moving in the opposite direction along the first direction z. The first limiting member 2 and the second limiting member 2' can be fixed by means of adhesion, magnetic attraction, fasteners, and the like. For example, the first limiting members 2 and the second limiting members 2' are disposed on the mounting post 12 at intervals along the first direction z, and the first limiting members 2 are disposed at positions of the mounting post 12 near the bottom for limiting the extreme displacement of the moving plate 3 moving downward to prevent the moving plate 3 from colliding with the seat 11; the second limiting member 2' is disposed at a position of the mounting post 12 near the top, and is used for limiting the limit displacement of the moving plate 3 moving upward, and preventing the force transmission plate 4 from coming out of the accommodating cavity 131.
For example, the first limiting member 2 and the second limiting member 2' may be a travel switch, a photoelectric detection sensor, a laser detection sensor, or the like, and the trigger signal is sent when the moving plate 3 reaches the limit position. Or, the first limiting part 2 and the second limiting part 2 ' are only mechanical limiting parts, and the side surface of the moving plate 3 close to the first limiting part 2 and the second limiting part 2 ' is provided with an infrared detector 10 for detecting the first limiting part 2 and the second limiting part 2 ' in the moving process of the moving plate 3 and sending a trigger signal when detecting.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, for a structure in which soil is moved by a lifting force, the soil adhesion force testing device further includes a controller 19 configured to obtain a peak value of the detection value of the force detection part 8 and subtract the peak value from the first weight G1 of the soil and the second weight G2 of the force transmission plate 14 to obtain the adhesion force of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receiving member 13.
In this embodiment, in the process that the force application component directly applies the jacking force to the force transmission plate 14 from the beginning, the detection value of the force detection component 8 gradually increases, reaches the peak value at the moment that the force transmission plate 14 pushes the soil to move, so that the soil is desorbed from the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131 and then gradually decreases. The adhesion of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receiving member 13 can be indirectly obtained by subtracting the first weight G1 of the soil and the second weight G2 of the force-transmitting plate 14 from the peak value, and the calculation is simple.
In some specific embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the soil adhesion testing device includes: the device comprises an installation base 1, a moving plate 3, a linear transmission mechanism 4, a displacement detection part 5, a driving mechanism 6, an encoder 7, a force detection part 8, a force application column 9, an infrared detector 10, a first limiting block 2, a second limiting block 2', an accommodating part 13, a force application plate 14, a supporting rod 15, a first fixing plate 16 and a second fixing plate 17.
Wherein, the mounting column 12 is vertically mounted above the base body 11, the linear transmission mechanism 4 is mounted inside the mounting column 12, the first limiting block 2 and the second limiting block 2 ' are magnetically attracted and fixed on the mounting column 12, the first limiting block 2 and the second limiting block 2 ' can be placed between the lower end and the upper end of the mounting column 12 according to the test and instrument protection requirements, one end of the movable plate 3 is connected with the linear transmission mechanism 4, the movable plate 3 is positioned between the first limiting block 2 and the second limiting block 2 ' and can move along the first direction z, the force detection part 8 is mounted at the central position of the upper surface of the movable plate 3, the force application column 9 is mounted at the central position of the upper surface of the force detection part 8, the infrared detector 10 is closely mounted at the lower surface of the movable plate 3 and is vertical to the mounting column 12, the displacement detection part 5 is positioned at the top end of the upright column 2 and is connected with the linear transmission mechanism 4, the displacement detection part 5 can carry out displacement measurement, actuating mechanism 6 and encoder 7 are located the pedestal 11 top, the position on erection column 12 right side, actuating mechanism 6 can be through the removal board 3 of the 4 drive of sharp drive mechanism of 4 along first direction z removal, first fixed plate 16 fixed connection is on 12 tops of erection column, second fixed plate 17 passes through bracing piece 15 and links to each other with first fixed plate 16, hold 13 and place on second fixed plate 17 and be located directly over the application of force post 9 axis, application of force board 14 is placed and is being held 13 bottoms, application of force board 14 can remove through application of force post 9.
The computer control system includes: computer 18, controller 19, manual control box 20 and printer 21, management interface and data analysis processing software are arranged in computer 18. One end of the controller 19 is connected with the computer 18 through a data line, the other end of the controller 19 is connected with the driving mechanism 6, the encoder 7 and the displacement detection part 5 through data lines, the controller 19 can adjust parameters through a management interface, and the manual control box 20 and the printer 21 are connected with the computer 18 through data lines.
This embodiment of this disclosure has at least following beneficial effect:
(1) and (4) simulating a real desorption effect, wherein the test result approaches a real value. The traditional single-direction drawing measurement is changed into jacking measurement, so that the test condition is closer to the desorption state of soil and the surface of a machine tool material, and the adhesion force is closer to a real numerical value.
(2) The integrity of the soil can not be damaged in the testing process, and the data accuracy is improved. The problem of inaccurate measured data caused by plastic deformation and integrity damage of soil in the traditional tangential or normal drawing process is solved, so that the data accuracy is improved; the controller 19 is adopted for controlling, the force application column 9 is controlled to be pushed and extended at a lower speed and a uniform speed, the stress of the soil is ensured to be close to balance in the movement process, the initial acceleration at the moment that the soil is separated from the surface of the sample can be ignored, and the accuracy of data is ensured more.
(3) And the lifting measurement is adopted, so that the test range of the water content of the soil is enlarged. The semi-closed accommodating piece 13 is matched with a top extension measuring mode, so that the water content range of soil testing is improved, and the problem that the adhesion force cannot be accurately tested because the adhesion force is smaller than gravity due to overhigh water content is solved;
(4) the acting force of the soil with different densities and water contents and the soil pressure on the inner wall of the container is obtained, the influence rule of different factors on the surface of the material can be analyzed, and the main effect influencing the adhesion can be obtained.
Secondly, the present disclosure provides a testing method based on the soil adhesion testing device of the above embodiments, in some embodiments, including:
step 110, moving the force application part from the outside of the accommodating part 13 toward the second opening 133, and driving the force transmission plate 14 to move a preset distance along the first direction z through the second opening 133 so as to push the soil toward the first opening 132;
and step 130, obtaining the adhesion force of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131 according to the external force.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the external force is applied to the force transfer plate 14 through the applying component so as to drive the soil to integrally move relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131, so that the integrity of the soil can be ensured in the test process, the test condition is closer to the desorption state of the soil and the surface of the machine tool, and the adhesion force is closer to the real adhesion force value; moreover, compared with a single normal and tangential force bearing mode, the test method has the advantages that due to the fact that the soil has tangential and normal acting forces on the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131, the obtained value is the comprehensive value of the tangential and normal acting forces, namely the integral adhesion value, instead of the single normal adhesion value and the tangential adhesion value, and the actual adhesion force of the soil can be truly reflected; in addition, the accommodating part 13 is matched with a method for driving soil to move through the force transmission plate 14, the water content range of soil testing can be improved, and the problem that the adhesion force cannot be tested due to overhigh water content is solved.
In some embodiments, the preset distance is configured to move the soil in the container 13 as a whole and peak the detection value of the force detection part 8. In the initial position before the force application member is moved, the controller 19 moves the force application member from the initial position by a preset distance, which can be determined experimentally in advance. This embodiment can guarantee to make soil wholly take place to remove to simulate out the true state of soil desorption, accurately test soil adhesion.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, before moving the force application member from the outside of the accommodating member 13 toward the second opening 133 in step 110, the testing method of the present application further includes:
step 101, placing soil in the accommodating part 13 and pressing the force transmission plate 14, wherein the accommodating cavity 131 can be filled with the soil or only a part of the soil can be filled with the soil;
102, applying a preset load to the soil from the first opening 132 to compact the soil and scraping off excess soil to make the soil fit with the inner wall of the accommodating part 13 and the force transmission plate 14;
step 103, fixing the accommodating piece 13 on the mounting base 1.
This embodiment enables the selection of receiving elements 13, which are compatible with the material and/or surface treatment of the implement to be tested, and the filling and compacting of the soil before the test, in order to simulate the conditions of the soil adhering to the implement, whereby the conditions of the receiving elements 13 and the internal filling of the soil can be flexibly selected according to the test requirements, and the law of the adhesion with respect to the variation of different soil conditions (for example, water content, density, soil pressure) can be easily followed.
In some embodiments, the step 130 of positioning the force application member below the receptacle 13 before applying the external force to apply the jacking force to the soil through the force transfer plate 14, wherein deriving the adhesion of the soil to the inner wall of the receptacle 13 from the external force comprises:
obtaining a first weight G1 of the soil in containment element 13 and a second weight G2 of dowel plate 14;
the first weight G1 and the second weight G2 are subtracted from the external force to obtain the adhesion of the soil to the inner wall of the receiving member 13.
In this embodiment, in the process that the force application component directly applies the jacking force to the force transmission plate 14 from the beginning, the detection value of the force detection component 8 gradually increases, reaches the peak value at the moment that the force transmission plate 14 pushes the soil to move, so that the soil is desorbed from the side wall of the accommodating cavity 131 and then gradually decreases. The adhesion of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receiving member 13 can be indirectly obtained by subtracting the first weight G1 of the soil and the second weight G2 of the force-transmitting plate 14 from the peak value, and the calculation is simple.
In some embodiments, the testing method of the present disclosure further comprises:
and replacing the containing pieces 13 with different surface treatment states to obtain the change law of the adhesion force of the soil to the containing pieces 13 with different surface treatment states.
The embodiment can be used for researching the change rule of different surface treatments on the viscosity reduction desorption effect.
In some embodiments, the displacement stroke range of the moving plate 3: 0-300 mm, resolution: 0.001mm, the effective maximum test space is 200 mm; the up-and-down movement speed adjusting range of the moving plate 3 is as follows: 0.01-500 mm/min, control precision: within plus or minus 0.2 percent of the set value; range of the force detection member 8 such as a load sensor: 0-500N, resolution: + -1/500000; inner diameter of cylindrical housing 13: 10-100 mm; outer diameter of disc-shaped force transmission plate 14: 8-90 mm;
based on the soil adhesion testing device, the testing method comprises the following steps:
1. before the experiment, the self weights of the soil and the dowel plate 14 are measured and are respectively marked as G1 and G2;
2. placing the soil in the accommodating piece 13, setting a force value of 0.2Kg-10Kg to keep the load of 0-600S, compacting, scraping off the redundant soil by using a geotechnical knife, and ensuring that the soil sample is tightly attached to the inner wall of the accommodating piece 13 and the force transmission plate 14;
3. the accommodating piece 13 is fixed on the surface of the first fixing plate 16 through the supporting columns 15, so that loosening and shaking are avoided;
4. resetting the system to ensure that the detection value of the force detection part 8 and the detection value of the displacement detection part 5 on the display 18 are zero; when the detection value of the displacement detection part 5 is zero, the force application part is at the initial position, and the initial position can be defined as the position where the force application part is just in contact with the force transmission plate 14 but does not apply force to the force transmission plate 14, or can be defined as any position before the force application part is in contact with the force transmission plate 14, and only the previous idle stroke needs to be removed in the subsequent data processing.
5. Determining the moving speed and the preset distance of the moving plate 3 according to experimental requirements, wherein the displacement distance is configured to move the soil in the accommodating part 13 as a whole and enable the detection value of the force detection part 8 to have a peak value;
6. clicking a starting button of a management interface, or performing ascending and descending movement operation through a manual control box 20, controlling a driving mechanism 6 through a controller 19 to drive a linear transmission mechanism 4 to drive a moving plate 3 to move along a first direction z, driving a force application column 9 positioned on the linear transmission mechanism to drive a force transmission plate 14 to move so as to realize displacement of soil along the inner wall of an accommodating part 13, finishing external force collection of the whole process from rest to movement to stop of the soil by a force detection part 8 positioned below the force application column 9, and recording the maximum peak value of force application as F;
7. peak F by adhesion force FAdhesionThe first weight of soil G1 associated with and the second weight G2 of the jacking plates 14 are composed of the self-weight, and the formula can be expressed as;
F＝Fadhesion+G1+G2 (1)
The adhesion force of the soil in the desorption process can be calculated according to the formula (1) as follows:
Fadhesion＝F-(G1+G2) (2)
8. And repeating the steps, and measuring for multiple times to obtain an average value.
In some specific embodiments, soil adhesion may be tested as follows.
1. The test soil is selected according to the self test requirement, the soil is used for taking soil for the construction site where the test soil is located, the first gravity G1 of the soil required by the test is weighed to be 3.1N, and the second gravity G2 of the force transfer plate 14 is weighed to be 0.9N;
2. placing soil in the accommodating piece 13, pressurizing with 4kg of iron blocks for 30s, compacting and compacting, scraping off redundant soil with a geotechnical knife, and tightly attaching a soil sample to the inner wall of the accommodating piece 13 and the force transmission plate 14;
3. the accommodating piece 13 is fixed on the surface of the first fixing plate 16 through the support columns 15 without loosening and shaking;
4. resetting the system to ensure that the detection value of the force detection part 8 and the detection value of the displacement detection part 5 on the display 18 are zero; when the detection value of the displacement detection part 5 is zero, the force application part is at an initial position, the initial position can be defined as a position where the force application part is just contacted with the force transmission plate 14 but does not apply force to the force transmission plate 14, and can also be defined as any position before being contacted with the force transmission plate 14, and only the previous idle stroke needs to be removed in the subsequent data processing;
5. setting the upward moving speed V of the force transmission plate 14 to be 0.02mm/min and the moving preset distance l to be 30 mm;
6. clicking a starting button of a management interface to finish the force value collection in the whole process from rest to movement to stop of the soil to obtain an adhesion force change curve, and recording the maximum peak value of the force taking as F;
7. repeating the steps, and measuring for multiple times to obtain an average value;
as shown in fig. 6 to 8, which are schematic diagrams of soil adhesion testing curves under the first working condition, the second working condition and the third working condition respectively, the setting of relevant testing parameters and adhesion values are as follows:
TABLE 1 parameters relevant to the soil adhesion test
The above description is only exemplary of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (14)
1. A soil adhesion testing device, comprising:
a mounting base (1);
the accommodating part (13) is fixed on the mounting base (1), the accommodating part (13) is provided with an accommodating cavity (131) for accommodating soil, two ends of the accommodating cavity (131) along a first direction (z) are respectively provided with a first opening (132) and a second opening (133), a force transmission plate (14) is arranged in the accommodating cavity (131), and the force transmission plate (14) is movably arranged in the accommodating cavity (131) along the first direction (z); and
a force application member provided on the mounting base (1) movably in the first direction (z), the force application member being configured to drive the force transmission plate (14) from outside the receptacle (13) through the second opening (133) to move in the first direction (z) so as to move the soil as a whole toward the first opening (132); the force application part is internally provided with a force detection part (8) which is configured to detect an external force applied in the movement process of the force application part so as to obtain the adhesion force of soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity (131).
2. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, wherein the force application member is positioned below the receiving member (13) before the external force is applied to apply a jacking force to the soil through the force transfer plate (14).
3. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first fixing plate (16) fixed to the mounting base (1), the first fixing plate (16) having a first avoiding hole (161) and at least two first mounting holes (162) disposed around the first avoiding hole (161), the first avoiding hole (161) being configured to expose the first opening (132);
a second fixing plate (17) spaced apart from the first fixing plate (16) in the first direction (z) on a side close to the force applying member, the second fixing plate (17) being provided with a second avoiding hole (171) and at least two second mounting holes (172) disposed around the second avoiding hole (171), the second avoiding hole (171) being configured to expose the second opening (133); and
at least two supporting columns (15), wherein the supporting columns (15) penetrate through the first mounting holes (162) and the second mounting holes (172) and are fixed, so that the accommodating part (13) is limited between the first fixing plate (16) and the second fixing plate (17).
4. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, wherein the sidewall of the receiving cavity (131) has a limiting boss (134) at the second opening (133) configured to limit the force transfer plate (14) from escaping from the second opening (133).
5. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, wherein the force application member comprises:
a moving plate (3) movably arranged on the mounting base (1) along the first direction (z); and
and the force application column (9) is arranged on the moving plate (3) through the force detection part (8) and is arranged opposite to the second opening (133).
6. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 5, further comprising: the device comprises a driving mechanism (6) and a linear transmission mechanism (4), wherein the driving mechanism (6) is configured to drive the moving plate (3) to move through the linear transmission mechanism (4).
7. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, further comprising a displacement detecting member (5) configured to detect a displacement of the force application member.
8. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 1, wherein the mounting base (1) is provided with a first stopper (2) and a second stopper (2') for respectively limiting the extreme displacements of the force application member moving in the opposite direction along the first direction (z).
9. The soil adhesion testing device of claim 2, further comprising a controller (19) configured to obtain a peak value of the values detected by the force detection member (8) and to subtract a first weight (G1) of the soil and a second weight (G2) of the force transmission plate (14) from the peak value to derive an adhesion of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receiving member (13).
10. A test method based on the soil adhesion test device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
moving the force application member from the outside of the accommodating member (13) toward the second opening (133), and driving the force transmission plate (14) to move a preset distance in the first direction (z) through the second opening (133) so as to push the soil integrally toward the first opening (132);
detecting an external force applied during the movement of the force application part by the force detection part (8);
and deriving the adhesion of the soil relative to the side wall of the accommodating cavity (131) according to the external force.
11. The testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that said preset distance is configured to move the soil in its entirety inside said containing member (13) and to peak the value detected by said force detection means (8).
12. The testing method according to claim 10, wherein before moving the force application member from outside the receptacle (13) toward the second opening (133), further comprising:
placing soil in the containing part (13) and pressing the force transmission plate (14);
applying a predetermined load to the soil from the first opening (132) to compact the soil and scrape off excess soil to conform the soil to the inner wall of the receptacle (13) and the force transfer plate (14);
fixing the receptacle (13) to the mounting base (1).
13. The testing method according to claim 10, wherein the force application member is located below the receptacle (13) before applying an external force to apply a jacking force to the soil through the force transfer plate (14), and deriving an adhesion force of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receptacle (13) from the external force comprises:
-acquiring a first weight (G1) of the soil in said containment element (13) and a second weight (G2) of said transfer plate (14);
subtracting the first weight (G1) and the second weight (G2) from the external force yields the adhesion of the soil with respect to the inner wall of the receptacle (13).
14. The test method of claim 10, further comprising:
and replacing the containing member (13) with different surface treatment states to obtain the change law of the adhesion force of the soil to the containing member (13) with different surface treatment states.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114397337A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Soil adhesion force testing device and method |
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