CN113755423B - Application of embryonic cancerous cells in preparation of 3D cell culture matrix, preparation method and 3D cell culture matrix - Google Patents
Application of embryonic cancerous cells in preparation of 3D cell culture matrix, preparation method and 3D cell culture matrix Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides application of embryonic cancerous cells in preparation of a 3D cell culture matrix, a preparation method and the 3D cell culture matrix, and relates to the technical field of biology. In addition, homologous embryonic cancer cells can be selected to prepare the 3D cell culture medium according to the subsequent culture requirement, so that the problems of inhibition of cell growth, complicated preparation and the like caused by animal heterologous protein and pathogen pollution are effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to application of embryonic carcinoma cells in preparation of a 3D cell culture medium, a preparation method and the 3D cell culture medium.
Background
Compared with 2D cell culture, the 3D cultured cells show a higher degree of intercellular interactions, have more physiologically relevant morphology, and can better reproduce higher order tissue processes. In recent years, stem cells and 3D cell culture systems are becoming key models for research of regenerative medicine, drug development, toxicology and cancer, have important significance in basic research and transformation medicine application, and have wide application prospects in the fields of regenerative medicine, disease models, personalized medicine screening, accurate medicine and the like.
Currently, the main product in the market, such as Matrigel basement membrane extract of BD company, is obtained by separating and purifying tumor sarcoma. Although BD substrate film can support cell layers and also affect cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation in tissue formation, such substrate film is a heterologous product, which is prone to other adverse effects such as cell growth inhibition due to animal heterologous proteins and pathogen contamination, and differences between product batches. In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a first object of the present invention to provide the use of embryogenic cells in the preparation of a 3D cell culture medium, to at least alleviate one of the technical problems of the prior art.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a 3D cell culture substrate.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a 3D cell culture substrate prepared by the above preparation method.
The invention provides application of embryonic cancerous cells in preparation of a 3D cell culture medium.
Further, the embryogenic cancerous cells are mouse teratoma cells.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the 3D cell culture matrix, which comprises the steps of precipitating a cell culture solution of embryonic cancerous cells by using ammonium sulfate, re-dissolving the obtained precipitate by urea, and taking a supernatant for dialysis and renaturation to obtain the 3D cell culture matrix.
Further, the embryogenic cancerous cells are single cells or cell lines, preferably mouse teratoma cell lines.
Further, the embryonic cancerous cells are cultured using a serum-free cell culture medium, preferably using a serum-free DMEM culture medium;
Preferably, the time of the cultivation is 18 to 24 hours.
Further, the ammonium sulfate precipitation comprises mixing in 10 to 30% wt/vol ammonium sulfate solution for 8 to 14 hours, preferably in 20% wt/vol ammonium sulfate solution for 12 hours;
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing is 4 ℃;
Preferably, ammonium sulfate precipitation is performed after removal of cell debris from the cell culture broth of the embryogenic cancerous cells.
Further, the urea reconstitution comprises dissolving the obtained precipitate in Tris-HCl buffer containing 2-4M urea and 20-150 mM NaCl for 8-14 hours, preferably dissolving the obtained precipitate in Tris-HCl buffer containing 2M urea and 50mM NaCl for 12 hours;
preferably, the Tris-HCl buffer has a concentration of 10-100 mM, a pH of 7.4, and preferably a concentration of 50mM;
Preferably, the obtained precipitate is concentrated and then subjected to urea reconstitution.
Further, the dialysis renaturation comprises primary dialysis, secondary dialysis and tertiary dialysis which are sequentially performed;
Preferably, dialysis is performed using a dialysis bag.
Further, the first dialysis comprises dialysis at 4 ℃ for 8-14 hours;
Alternatively, the secondary dialysis comprises dialysis in Tris-HCl buffer containing 20-150 mM NaCl for 8-14 hours, preferably containing 50mM NaCl;
preferably, the Tris-HCl buffer has a concentration of 10-100 mM, a pH of 7.4, and preferably a concentration of 50mM;
Alternatively, the three dialysis comprises dialysis in DMEM solution, the temperature of the dialysis being 4 ℃.
In addition, the invention also provides the 3D cell culture medium prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the inventor of the present invention found through experiments that embryogenic cancer cells secrete a high content of soluble basement membrane mixture during differentiation, the main components of which include: laminin, collagen IV, and the like, as well as transforming growth factor-b, fibroblast growth factor, tissue plasminogen activator, and the like. The substrate film mixture can automatically aggregate to generate bioactive substrate materials similar to mammalian cell substrate films at room temperature, so as to be used for preparing 3D cell culture substrates capable of meeting different requirements. In addition, homologous embryonic cancer cells can be selected to prepare the 3D cell culture medium according to the subsequent culture requirement, so that the problems of inhibition of cell growth, complicated preparation and the like caused by animal heterologous protein and pathogen pollution are effectively avoided.
According to the preparation method of the 3D cell culture medium, the target product can be obtained by performing ammonium sulfate precipitation, urea redissolution and dialysis renaturation on the cell culture solution of the embryonic cancerous cells, and the method is simple to operate, convenient to observe and low in cost.
Based on the beneficial effects, the 3D cell culture medium provided by the invention can effectively help the attachment and differentiation of various cells such as epithelial cells, can influence the protein expression level of the cells, supports the regeneration of peripheral nerves, the differentiation of the epithelial cells and the like, has the advantages of stable quality, difficult degradation and the like, and fills up the technological and product blank in the technical aspects of stem cells and 3D cell basal cultures at home and abroad.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of comparison of growth of human breast cells MCF-10A provided in Experimental example 1 in the 3D cell culture substrate (A) without the invention and the 3D cell culture substrate (B) with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) vascularization experiment provided in Experimental example 2 of the present invention in comparison with the 3D cell culture substrate (A) without the present invention and the 3D cell culture substrate (B) with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of comparison of the growth of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) provided in Experimental example 3 in accordance with the present invention in the 3D cell culture substrate (A) without the present invention and in the 3D cell culture substrate (B) with the present invention in terms of spheres spheroid;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the 3D cell culture medium of the invention and other similar products as provided in Experimental example 4.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present application shall have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The meaning and scope of terms should be clear, however, in the event of any potential ambiguity, the definitions provided herein take precedence over any dictionary or extraneous definition. In the present application, the use of "or" means "and/or" unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term "include" and other forms is not limiting.
Generally, the nomenclature used in connection with the cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics, and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein and the techniques thereof are those well known and commonly employed in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, the methods and techniques of the present invention are generally well known in the art and are performed according to conventional methods as described in various general and more specific references cited and discussed throughout the present specification. Enzymatic reactions and purification techniques are performed according to manufacturer's instructions, as commonly accomplished in the art, or as described herein. Nomenclature used in connection with the analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medical and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein, and the laboratory procedures and techniques therefor, are those well known and commonly employed in the art.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present inventors have found that the preparation of a 3D cell culture medium using embryogenic cancerous cells has superior properties by extensive and intensive studies with respect to the problems associated with the preparation of a 3D cell culture medium using tumor sarcoma cells in the prior art, and completed the present invention on this basis.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of embryogenic cancer cells in the preparation of a 3D cell culture medium.
The present inventors have found that an embryogenic cancer cell, which is a malignant tumor cell formed in early stages of embryonic development, has various differentiation potential similar to stem cells, can secrete a high content of a soluble basement membrane mixture during differentiation, and has a major component including laminin, collagen IV, etc., which facilitates cell attachment and differentiation, and also contains transforming growth factor-b, fibroblast growth factor, tissue plasminogen activator, etc., by utilizing this characteristic of embryogenic cancer cells. The substrate film mixture can automatically aggregate to generate bioactive substrate materials similar to mammalian cell substrate films at room temperature, so as to be used for preparing 3D cell culture substrates capable of meeting different requirements.
In addition, in the practical use process, homologous embryonic cancerous cells can be selected according to the subsequent culture requirement to prepare the 3D cell culture matrix, for example, when the cells to be 3D cultured are murine cells, the embryonic cancerous cells which are murine cells can be correspondingly selected when the embryonic cancerous cells are selected, for example, but not limited to, mouse teratoma cells. Based on the method, other adverse effects such as cell growth inhibition, large batch-to-batch difference, complicated manufacture, high production cost, long preparation period and the like caused by animal heterologous protein and pathogen pollution can be effectively avoided.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a 3D cell culture medium, comprising precipitating a cell culture solution of embryogenic cancerous cells using ammonium sulfate, redissolving the obtained precipitate with urea, and subjecting the supernatant to dialysis renaturation to obtain the 3D cell culture medium.
The preparation method is simple and feasible to operate, replaces the traditional tumor sarcoma separation and purification technical method, is simple to operate and convenient to observe, can effectively avoid cell growth inhibition caused by animal heterologous protein and pathogen pollution based on the traditional tumor sarcoma separation and purification technical method, has large batch-to-batch difference, complicated manufacture, high production cost, long preparation period and other adverse effects, has low requirements on the professional properties of technicians, and is suitable for popularization and application.
In some preferred embodiments, the embryogenic cancerous cell is a single cell or cell line.
The single cells or cell lines formed by single cell proliferation are selected as the embryonic cancer cells, so that the batch difference between 3D cell culture matrixes prepared by applying the embryonic cancer cells can be minimized, and the problem of the product batch difference in the prior art can be effectively solved.
In some preferred embodiments, the embryonic cancerous cells are cultured using a serum-free cell culture broth, preferably a serum-free DMEM culture broth.
Compared with the traditional culture medium, the culture method not only can meet the requirement of long-time in-vitro culture of the cells, but also can avoid adverse factors brought by animal serum, such as poor repeatability, high risk of disease transmission and immune response, and the like.
The time for culturing the embryogenic cancerous cells using the serum-free cell culture solution is 18 to 24 hours, and may be, for example, but not limited to, 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, or 24 hours.
In some preferred embodiments, the ammonium sulfate precipitation comprises mixing in a 10-30% wt/vol ammonium sulfate solution for 8-14 hours, such as, but not limited to, 10% wt/vol, 15% wt/vol, 20% wt/vol, 25% wt/vol, or 30% wt/vol, for a period of time such as, but not limited to, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, or 14 hours. Wherein, the mixing can be performed by stirring.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixing is 4 ℃, and the precipitation operation is carried out under the condition of 4 ℃, so that the precipitation efficiency can be ensured on the basis of ensuring the activity of the effective components.
Preferably, ammonium sulfate precipitation is performed after removal of cell debris from the cell culture broth of the embryogenic cancerous cells. Through removing impurities such as cell fragments, the purity of the product can be further improved, and the subsequent 3D cell culture is facilitated.
In some preferred embodiments, the urea reconstitution comprises dissolving the resulting precipitate in Tris-HCl buffer containing 2-4M urea and 20-150 mM NaCl for 8-14 hours, wherein the urea content may be, for example, but not limited to, 2M, 3M or 4M, the NaCl content may be, for example, but not limited to, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, 100mM, 120mM or 150mM, and the mixing time may be, for example, but not limited to, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours or 14 hours, preferably 12 hours.
The specific redissolution is selected to redissolve the precipitate, so that the solubility of the substrate is high, and the renaturation effect is good.
Preferably, the Tris-HCl buffer has a concentration of 10-100 mM, for example, but not limited to, 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM, 50mM, 60mM, 70mM, 80mM, 90mM or 100mM, preferably 50mM, and pH 7.4;
preferably, the obtained precipitate is concentrated and then subjected to urea redissolution, and the redissolution after concentration can effectively improve the redissolution efficiency and reduce the impurity interference.
In some preferred embodiments, the dialysis renaturation comprises a primary dialysis, a secondary dialysis, and a tertiary dialysis performed sequentially.
The three times of dialysis can better improve the renaturation efficiency of the substrate protein and prevent the protein from being denatured.
Wherein, the primary dialysis comprises dialysis at 4 ℃ for 8-14 hours, such as, but not limited to, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours or 14 hours;
the secondary dialysis comprises dialysis in Tris-HCl buffer containing 20-150 mM NaCl for 8-14 hours, the NaCl content may be, for example, but not limited to, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, 100mM, 120mM or 150mM, preferably 50mM NaCl, for a period of time such as, but not limited to, 8 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours or 14 hours;
Preferably, the Tris-HCl buffer has a concentration of 10-100 mM, for example, but not limited to, 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM, 50mM, 60mM, 70mM, 80mM, 90mM or 100mM, preferably 50mM, and pH 7.4;
The three dialysis included dialysis in DMEM solution, the temperature of the dialysis being 4 ℃.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D cell culture substrate prepared using the above preparation method.
Based on the beneficial effects of the application and the preparation method, the 3D cell culture matrix provided by the invention can effectively help the attachment and differentiation of various cells such as epithelial cells, can influence the protein expression level of the cells, supports the regeneration of peripheral nerves, the differentiation of the epithelial cells and the like, has the advantages of stable quality, difficult degradation and the like, and fills the technological and product blank in the technical aspects of stem cells and 3D cell substrate cultures at home and abroad.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D cell culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:
The F9 cell line was placed in approximately 40 plastic tissue culture plates of 150cm 2 and incubated in serum-free DMEM medium for 18-24 hours at 37℃with 5% CO 2, after which the medium was collected by centrifugation, clarified cell debris and stirred overnight at 4℃in 20% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate solution. The precipitated protein was concentrated by centrifugation, dissolved in 2M urea and 50mM NaCl,50mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred for 12 hours, then the supernatant was centrifuged and dialyzed overnight at 4℃and then dialyzed against 50mM Tris-HCl,50mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 12 hours and finally against DMEM solution at 4 ℃. After the completion, the product was sub-packaged and frozen at-80 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D cell culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:
The F9 cell line was placed in approximately 40 plastic tissue culture plates of 150cm 2 and incubated in serum-free DMEM medium for 18-24 hours at 37℃with 5% CO 2, after which the medium was collected by centrifugation, clarified cell debris and stirred overnight at 4℃in 10% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate solution. The precipitated protein was concentrated by centrifugation, dissolved in 2M urea and 150mM NaCl,10mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred for 12 hours, then the supernatant was centrifuged and dialyzed overnight at 4℃and then dialyzed against 100mM Tris-HCl,20mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 12 hours and finally against DMEM solution at 4 ℃. After the completion, the product was sub-packaged and frozen at-80 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D cell culture substrate, which comprises the following steps:
The F9 cell line was placed in approximately 40 plastic tissue culture plates of 150cm 2 and incubated in serum-free DMEM medium for 18-24 hours at 37℃with 5% CO 2, after which the medium was collected by centrifugation, clarified cell debris and stirred overnight at 4℃in 30% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate solution. The precipitated protein was concentrated by centrifugation, dissolved in 4M urea and 20mM NaCl,100mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred for 12 hours, then the supernatant was centrifuged and dialyzed overnight at 4℃and then dialyzed against 10mM Tris-HCl,150mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 12 hours and finally against DMEM solution at 4 ℃. After the completion, the product was sub-packaged and frozen at-80 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a 3D cell culture substrate, comprising:
The F9 cell line was placed in approximately 40 plastic tissue culture plates of 150cm 2 and incubated in serum-free DMEM medium for 18-24 hours at 37℃with 5% CO 2, after which the medium was collected by centrifugation, clarified cell debris and stirred overnight at 4℃in 8% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate solution. The precipitated protein was concentrated by centrifugation, dissolved in 5M urea and 15mM NaCl,120mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred for 12 hours, then the supernatant was centrifuged and dialyzed overnight at 4℃and then dialyzed against 120mM Tris-HCl,15mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) for 12 hours and finally against DMEM solution at 4 ℃. After the completion, the product was sub-packaged and frozen at-80 ℃.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a method for preparing a 3D cell culture substrate, comprising:
The F9 cell line was placed in approximately 40 plastic tissue culture plates of 150cm 2 and incubated in serum-free DMEM medium for 18-24 hours at 37℃with 5% CO 2, after which the medium was collected by centrifugation, clarified cell debris and stirred overnight at 4℃in 20% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate solution. The precipitated protein was concentrated by centrifugation, dissolved in 2M urea and 50mM NaCl,50mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and stirred for 12 hours, then the supernatant was centrifuged and transferred to 50mM Tris-HCl,50mM NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) and dialyzed for 12 hours. After the completion, the product was sub-packaged and frozen at-80 ℃.
In order to facilitate the differentiation of the schemes provided in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples, the differences of the examples are listed in the following table:
Experimental example 1
Comparison of 10 days of growth of human mammary gland cell MCF-10A acinus in 3D cell culture substrate (a) without this invention and 3D cell culture substrate (B) provided in example 1 of the invention.
The 3D cell culture substrate suspension provided in example 1 of the present invention was previously fixed in an 8-chamber slide culture dish, MCF-10A cells were then cultured in the 8-chamber slide culture dish, the MCF-10A cell culture was allowed to grow for 10 days, and then the cells were washed and fixed and stained with ethidium bromide, and examined for acinar morphogenesis under Olympic fluorescence microscopy (rhodamine fluorescence filter). While using the 3D cell culture medium without invention for comparison.
The results show that the human breast cell MCF-10A acinus cultured using the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention can grow into a more complete morphology compared to the human breast cell MCF-10A acinus cultured without the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Experimental example 2
Comparison of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) vascularization tubular network experiments in 3D cell culture matrices (a) without this invention and 3D cell culture matrices (B) provided in example 1 of the invention.
50 Μl of the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention was placed in the corresponding well of a 96-well plate, gelled after incubation at 37℃for 30 minutes, human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were inoculated on the 96-well plate and cultured in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (ECGM) (cell applied), initial density of 5X 10 4 cells/well, incubation at 37℃for 4-6 hours with 5% CO 2, and then capillary-like structures were observed with an Olympic inverted microscope. The results were compared to the pre-plating of the 3D cell culture matrix in 96 wells without the invention.
The results show that the human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured by using the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention promote angiogenesis more clearly and completely in the formed tubular network than the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Experimental example 3
Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were compared for spheroid spheroid growth in a 3D cell culture substrate (A) without the invention and in a 3D cell culture substrate (B) provided in example 1 of the invention.
MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were inoculated in 96 wells at 3000 cells/well culture with a 3D cell culture medium suspension mix (10%) provided in example 1 of the present invention, incubated at 37℃for 72 hours with 5% carbon dioxide, induced, and static culture spheres formed. The medium was replaced with fresh medium at 24 hours intervals. The spheres were photographed with an Olympic inverted microscope after formation and image analysis was performed using imageJ software.
The results indicate that human breast cancer cells cultured using the 3D cell culture medium provided in example 1 of the present invention proliferated to form a complete sphere spheroid structure, compared to the 3D cell culture medium not provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Experimental example 4
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analysis with coomassie brilliant blue staining the 3D cell culture matrices provided in example 1 of the present invention (columns 1-3) and other like products (columns 4-6): it can be seen that the 3D cell culture substrate 170KD provided in example 1 of the present invention has laminin Entactin (shown in FIG. 4).
The results show that the 3D cell culture medium provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention contains more nidogen proteins (Entactin), can be connected with laminin and IV type collagen, and forms a three-level compound with the core of laminin and proteoglycan, thereby being more beneficial to the growth, attachment and differentiation of various cells.
Experimental example 5
Human mammary gland cell MCF-10A acinar culture experiments performed on the 3D cell culture matrices provided in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 of the present invention, the area value of each acinar structure was measured using an olybach microscope and ImageJ software, and the average acinar particle size value was calculated by pasting it into an excel spreadsheet, and the results are shown in the following table:
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. Application of embryonic cancerous cells in preparing a 3D cell culture medium;
the embryonic cancerous cells are mouse teratoma cells F9;
The preparation method of the 3D cell culture matrix comprises the following steps: culturing a mouse teratoma cell F9 cell strain in serum-free DMEM culture solution for 18-24 hours at 37 ℃ under the condition of 5% CO 2, centrifuging and collecting culture medium, clarifying cell fragments, and stirring in 10-30% wt/vol ammonium sulfate solution at 4 ℃ for overnight; concentrating the precipitated protein by centrifugation, dissolving in 2-4M urea and 20~150mM NaCl,10~100 mM Tris-HCl buffer solution, stirring for 8-14 hours, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, dialyzing overnight at 4 ℃ in 2-4M urea and 20~150mM NaCl,10~100 mM Tris-HCl buffer solution, dialyzing for 8-14 hours in 20-150 mM Tris-HCl,10~100mM NaCl buffer solution, and dialyzing at 4 ℃ in DMEM solution to obtain the 3D cell culture substrate;
The 3D cell culture matrix is used for 3D culturing human mammary cells to form acini, and/or,
The 3D cell culture medium is used for 3D culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells to form blood vessels, and/or,
The 3D cell culture matrix is used for 3D culturing human breast cancer cells to form a spherical structure.
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