CN113755139A - Method for enhancing heat transfer performance of nano suspension - Google Patents
Method for enhancing heat transfer performance of nano suspension Download PDFInfo
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- CN113755139A CN113755139A CN202111014669.2A CN202111014669A CN113755139A CN 113755139 A CN113755139 A CN 113755139A CN 202111014669 A CN202111014669 A CN 202111014669A CN 113755139 A CN113755139 A CN 113755139A
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of enhanced heat transfer, and discloses a method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of a nano suspension. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension is weakened due to unstable and lasting thermal property caused by poor dispersion stability of the nano suspension. According to the properties of the nano particles and the nano capsules, the types of the surfactants and the concentration of the surfactants are reasonably regulated and controlled, the nano suspension with uniform dispersion and excellent thermal property is prepared by adopting a two-step method, the nano suspension is applied to flow heat transfer in a pipe, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension are comprehensively analyzed, and the degree of heat transfer enhancement is judged. The invention can be applied to the pipe diameter range of an experimental pipeline of 0.5-2cm and the Reynolds number range of 3000-10000. The method of the invention widens the application range of the nano-suspension and provides a foundation for the practical application of the nano-fluid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of enhanced heat transfer, and particularly relates to a method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of a nano suspension.
Background
Energy is used as a material basis of human activities, and the development of the human society cannot depart from the use of energy and technology thereof, and is a common concern of all the world and all the human beings. With the rapid development of modern society, the demand for energy is greater and greater, and the energy problem brought by the demand is more and more prominent. Energy loss is inevitably caused by energy utilization, and energy utilization efficiency is the degree of effective utilization of energy in energy, and is an important index of sustainable development of energy. In a report of '2013 research on global energy industrial efficiency', the energy utilization efficiency of China ranks 74 th, is about 33%, and is obvious in lagging behind and huge in energy-saving potential compared with the energy utilization rate of about 45% in developed countries. On the other hand, as the economy of China continues to develop, the energy consumption of China also continues to rise. In the form of energy utilization, the heat energy utilization occupies a large part, the heat energy utilization generally exists in various fields of society, the efficiency of the heat energy in the transmission process can be improved, the utilization rate of various energy sources can be obviously improved, and the seeking of a high-efficiency heat transfer working medium is an important way for improving the heat exchange efficiency and strengthening the heat transfer.
With the rapid progress of science and technology, the heat load in the fields of power, chemical engineering, aviation, electronics, metallurgy and the like is increased day by day, and the requirements of high heat dissipation density at present cannot be met due to the defects of low heat conductivity coefficient and the like of the traditional heat transfer medium (water, oil, alcohol) and the like, so that the novel nano suspension is formed by adding nano particles or nano capsules into the traditional heat transfer medium to replace the traditional heat transfer medium. The nano particle suspension is a complex solid-liquid two-phase mixture, the nano capsule suspension is a novel latent heat type functional fluid, and the nano particle suspension and the nano capsule suspension respectively have higher heat conductivity and larger specific heat capacity than a heat transfer working medium because the nano particle has high heat conductivity and the nano capsule absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat in the phase change process. The nano particles and the nano capsules can be closer to liquid molecules in behavior due to the existence of the nano size effect, the stability of the working medium is ensured, and the problems of channel abrasion, channel blockage and the like caused by micron or millimeter-sized particles are avoided. When flowing, the nano particles and the nano capsules have a micro convection effect with surrounding fluid, so that the heat exchange effect of the nano suspension and the pipe wall is greatly enhanced, and the function of enhancing heat transfer is achieved.
Nanosuspensions with stable properties are the basis for a variety of research and applications. However, the nano particles and the nano capsules have large specific surface area and high surface energy, and are easy to spontaneously agglomerate and sink in the base liquid, so that the thermophysical property of the nano suspension is extremely unstable during flowing, the flowing and heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension are influenced, and the enhanced heat transfer effect of the nano suspension is weakened. Therefore, how to uniformly and stably disperse the nanoparticles and the nanocapsules in the base liquid is a very critical and urgent problem to be solved. The addition of the surfactant is a dispersion method for preparing the nano suspension, the surfactant can be adsorbed on the surface of nano particles, the surface energy of the particles is reduced, effective steric hindrance is formed among the particles to improve repulsive force, and therefore the dispersion stability of the nano suspension can be effectively improved. The selection of the surfactant mainly considers the type and concentration of the surfactant, and the surfactants with different types and concentrations have different dispersion stability effects on the nano-suspension, so that the thermal property of the nano-suspension is different, the flow and heat transfer performance of the nano-suspension is influenced, and the regulation and control of the type and concentration of the dispersing agent are extremely important.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art that the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension is weakened due to unstable and durable thermal property caused by poor dispersion stability of the nano suspension, the invention aims to provide a method for strengthening the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of a nanosuspension, comprising the steps of: using a dispersion-stable nanosuspension in a conduit of a flow heat exchange system, the dispersion-stable nanosuspension comprising a nanoparticle suspension or a nanocapsule suspension;
the nano particle suspension is prepared by adding nano particles and a surfactant A into deionized water and dispersing; the nanoparticles have a particle size of 200nm and comprise TiO2Nanoparticles, SiO2Nanoparticles or CuO nanoparticles; when the nanoparticles are TiO2Nanoparticles, surfactant a is Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB); when the nano-particles are SiO2Nano particles, wherein the surfactant A is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); when the nano-particles are CuO nano-particles, the surfactant A is Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS);
the nano capsule suspension is prepared by adding nano capsules and a surfactant B into deionized water and dispersing; the nanocapsule is a melamine formaldehyde resin phase change nanocapsule or a polyurethane phase change nanocapsule with the particle size of 200nm, and the surfactant B is Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS).
The mass concentration of the nano particles in the nano particle suspension is 0.5% -2%; the mass concentration of the surfactant A in the nanoparticle suspension is controlled to be 0.1-2%.
The mass concentration of the nano-capsules in the nano-capsule suspension is 0.5% -2%; the mass concentration of the surfactant B in the nano capsule suspension liquid is controlled to be 0.1-2%.
The nanoparticle suspension is specifically prepared according to the following steps: adding the nano particles and the surfactant A into deionized water, placing the mixture into a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, setting the magnetic stirring speed at 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution; and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a nano particle suspension with stable dispersion.
The nano capsule suspension is prepared by the following steps: adding the nanocapsule and the surfactant B into deionized water, placing the mixture into a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, setting the magnetic stirring speed at 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution; and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a nano capsule suspension with stable dispersion.
The pipe diameter range of the pipeline of the flowing heat exchange system is 0.5-2cm, and the Reynolds number range is 3000-10000.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the invention adopts a two-step method to prepare the suspension-stable nano suspension, has simple operation and low cost, and is very suitable for practical application;
(2) the nano suspension prepared by regulating the types and the concentrations of the surfactants has narrow particle size distribution range, good dispersion stability and stable and durable thermal property, can be applied to flow heat transfer to play a role in strengthening heat transfer, can be used as a high-efficiency heat transfer working medium or a cooling working medium, and is applied to the heat utilization fields of industrial waste heat recovery systems, solar energy utilization, refrigeration systems, power electronic and power equipment heat dissipation, heat storage systems and the like, the heat transfer performance index of heat exchange equipment can be obviously improved, and the cost of the heat exchange equipment is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In order to verify the method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension are analyzed in an experiment, a flow heat exchange experiment system is automatically built, the length of an experiment pipeline is 1000mm, the outer diameter is 16mm, and the inner diameter is 10 mm. The reynolds number range is 3000-10000 through experimental verification. The experimental regulation and control range is as follows: SiC, SiO2And the CuO nano-particles are respectively added with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide CTAB, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate SDBS surfactant to prepare nano suspension, the melamine formaldehyde resin phase change nano-capsules and the polyurethane phase change nano-capsules are respectively added with sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS surfactant to prepare nano suspension, the mass concentration of the nano-particles and the nano-capsules is 0.5-2%, and the mass concentration range of the surfactant is 0.1-2%. Within the experimental regulation and control range, the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension can be enhanced.
In order to regulate and control the degree of enhancing the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension, the flow and the heat transfer performance of the nano suspension are comprehensively analyzed, and a comprehensive evaluation factor F is provided, wherein the larger F represents the better enhancing heat transfer performance:
wherein: nu (Nu)nfIs the average Nu of the Nossel number of the nanosuspensionwThe average Nu of the water is the Nu, the larger Nu indicates the better heat transfer performance; f. ofnfCoefficient of friction resistance of nanosuspension, fwA smaller f indicates better flow properties for the coefficient of friction resistance of water.
Example 1:
(1) adding 5g of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant and 15g of CuO nano particles into 980g of deionized water, then placing the sample in a constant-temperature magnetic stirring device, setting a magnetic stirring rotating speed of 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and thus the CuO nano-particle suspension with the mass concentration of 0.5% and 1.5% of the SDBS surfactant can be obtained.
(3) And pouring the prepared CuO nano suspension into an experimental system, starting the system to perform flowing heat transfer circulation, adjusting the flow rate of the fluid, recording experimental data and comprehensively analyzing the flowing heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension. When the Reynolds number reaches 3070, the comprehensive evaluation factor of the CuO nanoparticle suspension with the mass concentration of the SDBS surfactant of 0.5 percent and the mass concentration of the CuO nanoparticles of 1.5 percent is increased by 17.6 percent compared with the comprehensive evaluation factor of water, which shows that the flow heat transfer performance of the CuO nanoparticle suspension with the mass concentration of the SDBS surfactant of 0.5 percent and the mass concentration of the CuO nanoparticles of 1.5 percent is improved by 17.6 percent compared with the comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of water, and the heat transfer of the nanoparticle suspension is enhanced.
Example 2:
(1) mixing 10g of polyethylenePyrrolidone PVP surfactant and 10gSiO2Adding the nano particles into 980g of deionized water, then placing the sample into a constant-temperature magnetic stirring device, setting a magnetic stirring rotating speed of 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) the mixed solution is placed into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP surface active agent with the mass concentration of 1.0 percent and the SiO is obtained2SiO with nano-particle mass concentration of 1.0%2A suspension of nanoparticles.
(3) Prepared SiO2And pouring the nano suspension into an experiment system, starting the experiment system to perform flowing heat transfer circulation, adjusting the flow rate of the fluid, recording experiment data and comprehensively analyzing the flowing heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension. When the Reynolds number reaches 3045, the mass concentration of the polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP surfactant is 1.0 percent, and the SiO content2Sio with 1.0% mass concentration of nanoparticles2The comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of the nano-particle suspension is improved by about 13.0 percent compared with the comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of water, and the heat transfer of the nano-particle suspension is enhanced.
Example 3:
(1) adding 15g of Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) surfactant and 20g of SiC nanoparticles into 965g of deionized water, then placing the sample in a constant-temperature magnetic stirring device, setting a magnetic stirring rotating speed of 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and thus the SiC nanoparticle suspension with the mass concentration of 1.0% of the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide CTAB surfactant and 1.0% of the SiC nanoparticle is obtained.
(3) And pouring the prepared SiC nano suspension into an experimental system, starting the experimental system to perform flowing heat transfer circulation, adjusting the flow velocity of fluid, recording experimental data and comprehensively analyzing the flowing heat transfer characteristics of the nano suspension. When the Reynolds number reaches 3055, the comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of the SiC nanoparticle suspension with the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide CTAB surfactant mass concentration of 1.5% and the SiC nanoparticle mass concentration of 2.0% is improved by about 11.4% compared with the comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of water, and the heat transfer of the nanoparticle suspension is enhanced.
Example 4:
(1) adding 5g of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant and 15g of melamine formaldehyde resin phase-change nanocapsule into 980g of deionized water, then placing the sample into a constant-temperature magnetic stirring device, setting a magnetic stirring rotating speed of 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and thus the melamine formaldehyde resin phase change nanocapsule suspension with the mass concentration of 0.5% of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant and 1.5% of the mass concentration of the melamine formaldehyde resin phase change nanocapsules can be obtained.
(3) Pouring the prepared melamine formaldehyde resin phase-change nanocapsule suspension into an experimental system, starting the experimental system to perform flowing heat transfer circulation, adjusting the flow rate of fluid, recording experimental data and comprehensively analyzing the flowing heat transfer characteristics of the nanocapsule suspension. When the Reynolds number reaches 3371, the comprehensive flow heat transfer performance of the melamine formaldehyde resin phase-change nanocapsule suspension is improved by about 8.6% compared with that of water, and the heat transfer of the nanoparticle suspension is enhanced, wherein the mass concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS surfactant is 0.5% and the mass concentration of the melamine formaldehyde resin phase-change nanocapsule is 1.5%.
Example 5:
(1) adding 10g of SDS surfactant and 20g of polyurethane phase-change nanocapsule into 970g of deionized water, then placing the sample in a constant-temperature magnetic stirring device, setting a magnetic stirring rotating speed of 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution;
(2) and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and thus obtaining the polyurethane phase-change nanocapsule suspension with the mass concentration of 1% of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant and 2% of polyurethane/n-octadecane nanocapsules.
(3) And pouring the prepared polyurethane phase-change nanocapsule suspension into an experimental system, starting the experimental system to perform flowing heat transfer circulation, adjusting the flow rate of fluid, recording experimental data and comprehensively analyzing the flowing heat transfer characteristics of the nanocapsule suspension. When the Reynolds number reaches 3060, the comprehensive evaluation factor of the polyurethane phase change nano-capsule nano-suspension, with the mass concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS surfactant being 1.0% and the mass concentration of the polyurethane phase change nano-capsule being 2%, is increased by about 5.6% compared with the comprehensive evaluation factor of water, and the heat transfer of the nano-particle suspension is enhanced.
As can be seen from the above examples 1-5, the new method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of the nano-suspension of the present invention prepares the nano-suspension by adjusting and controlling the type and concentration of the surfactant, the nano-suspension has a narrow particle size distribution range, good dispersion stability and stable and durable thermal property, and can solve the problem that the thermal property of the nano-suspension is unstable and durable due to poor dispersion stability, so that the heat transfer performance of the nano-suspension is weakened, so that the nano-suspension can be applied to flow heat transfer to enhance the heat transfer, and the application range of the nano-suspension is widened, and the nano-suspension can be used as a high-efficiency heat transfer working medium or a cooling working medium to be applied to the heat utilization fields of industrial waste heat recovery systems, solar energy utilization, refrigeration systems, power electronic and power equipment heat dissipation, heat storage systems, etc., and can significantly improve the heat transfer performance index of heat exchange equipment, and reduce the cost of the heat exchange equipment.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for enhancing the heat transfer performance of a nanosuspension, comprising the steps of: using a dispersion-stable nanosuspension in a conduit of a flow heat exchange system, the dispersion-stable nanosuspension comprising a nanoparticle suspension or a nanocapsule suspension;
the nanoparticlesThe particle suspension is prepared by adding nanoparticles and a surfactant A into deionized water for dispersion; the nanoparticles have a particle size of 200nm and comprise TiO2Nanoparticles, SiO2Nanoparticles or CuO nanoparticles; when the nanoparticles are TiO2Nanoparticles, surfactant a is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; when the nano-particles are SiO2Nano particles, wherein the surfactant A is polyvinylpyrrolidone; when the nano particles are CuO nano particles, the surfactant A is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate;
the nano capsule suspension is prepared by adding nano capsules and a surfactant B into deionized water and dispersing; the nanocapsule is a melamine formaldehyde resin phase-change nanocapsule or a polyurethane phase-change nanocapsule with the particle size of 200nm, and the surfactant B is sodium dodecyl sulfate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosuspension comprises a plurality of layers, each layer comprising: the mass concentration of the nano particles in the nano particle suspension is 0.5% -2%; the mass concentration of the surfactant A in the nanoparticle suspension is controlled to be 0.1-2%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosuspension comprises a plurality of layers, each layer comprising: the mass concentration of the nano-capsules in the nano-capsule suspension is 0.5% -2%; the mass concentration of the surfactant B in the nano capsule suspension liquid is controlled to be 0.1-2%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosuspension comprises a plurality of layers, each layer comprising: the nanoparticle suspension is specifically prepared according to the following steps: adding the nano particles and the surfactant A into deionized water, placing the mixture into a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, setting the magnetic stirring speed at 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution; and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a nano particle suspension with stable dispersion.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosuspension comprises a plurality of layers, each layer comprising: the nano capsule suspension is prepared by the following steps: adding the nanocapsule and the surfactant B into deionized water, placing the mixture into a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, setting the magnetic stirring speed at 500rpm for magnetic stirring, and magnetically stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution; and (3) placing the mixed solution into an ultrasonic cleaner for ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to obtain a nano capsule suspension with stable dispersion.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanosuspension comprises a plurality of layers, each layer comprising: the pipe diameter range of the pipeline of the flowing heat exchange system is 0.5cm-2cm, and the Reynolds number range is 3000-10000.
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| CN114276787A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-05 | 山东道恩钛业有限公司 | Preparation method of titanium dioxide-water nanofluid for enhancing heat transfer performance of brazed plate heat exchanger |
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