CN113754383B - Bendable concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Bendable concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113754383B
CN113754383B CN202111190959.2A CN202111190959A CN113754383B CN 113754383 B CN113754383 B CN 113754383B CN 202111190959 A CN202111190959 A CN 202111190959A CN 113754383 B CN113754383 B CN 113754383B
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basalt
fiber
parts
calcium carbonate
concrete
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CN113754383A (en
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杜杰贵
陈波
白银
罗秋伦
王正星
陆亚东
白兴金
张丰
吕乐乐
宁逢伟
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Zhaotong Yizhao Expressway Investment Development Co ltd
Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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Zhaotong Yizhao Expressway Investment Development Co ltd
Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2015—Sulfate resistance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/90—Electrical properties
    • C04B2111/92—Electrically insulating materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention discloses a bendable concrete and a preparation process thereof, wherein the material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of cement, 0-50 parts of mineral admixture, 15-25 parts of aggregate, 0.1-0.5 part of stone powder, 15-25 parts of water, 0.25-1 part of chemical admixture and 0.5-4.5 parts of functional fiber. The basalt fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material, is corrosion-resistant, non-conductive and anti-aging, has the same thermal expansion coefficient with the basalt superfine stone powder and the basalt aggregate of the matrix, is coordinated and consistent in thermal deformation, and has remarkably improved volume stability; the viscosity is adjusted by adopting the active basalt superfine powder, and an additive is not required to be adjusted in viscosity, so that the dosage of a chemical additive and a rubber material is reduced. The bendable concrete disclosed by the invention can be applied to engineering structure parts with the requirements of corrosion resistance, aging resistance and large deformation, and the like.

Description

Bendable concrete and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traffic engineering materials, and particularly relates to bendable concrete and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The concrete has excellent pressure resistance as the largest building material, but is easy to break under the action of bending load, and the bending-compression ratio of common concrete is 1/12-1/8. In order to solve the characteristic of poor bending resistance of concrete, bending-resistant reinforcing steel bars are prepared or fibers are added in an engineering structure to increase the bending resistance of the concrete structure. However, under severe service conditions such as marine environment, salt lake environment, stray current and the like, steel bars or steel fibers are easy to corrode and expand and conduct electricity, so that the concrete structure is degraded; under the environmental conditions of high plateau strong ultraviolet and high temperature difference, the organic synthetic fiber is easy to age, so that the bearing capacity of a concrete structure is reduced. In view of the above severe environmental conditions, steel bars, steel fibers, and organic synthetic fibers are not suitable for improving the performance of concrete structures, and a new material with corrosion resistance, non-conductivity, aging resistance, and high temperature difference resistance is required.
The basalt fiber is prepared by crushing basalt stone, melting at 1450-1500 ℃, and drawing at high speed through a platinum-rhodium alloy wire drawing bushing. The basalt fiber is a novel inorganic environment-friendly green high-performance fiber material and is composed of oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, titanium dioxide and the like. The basalt continuous fiber has high strength, and also has various excellent performances of electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like. In addition, the production process of the basalt fiber determines that the produced waste is less, the environmental pollution is less, and the product can be directly degraded in the environment after being discarded without any harm, so the basalt fiber is a real green and environment-friendly material. The basalt fiber is listed as one of four major fibers (carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and basalt fiber) which are intensively developed in China, and industrial production is realized. Therefore, the basalt fiber is a preferred functional material for preparing high-performance fiber reinforced concrete in a severe environment as an inorganic non-metallic material.
In the existing concrete engineering, basalt fibers are commonly used for cracking resistance and toughening. When the basalt fiber composite material is used for plastic concrete crack resistance, the volume doping amount of the basalt fiber is generally 0.05-0.2%; when the product is used for toughening concrete, the volume mixing amount can be increased to 0.5-1.0%. In common concrete, when the mixing amount of basalt fibers is further improved, the dispersion uniformity of the fibers is a difficult technical problem to solve.
In order to produce bendable concrete with multi-crack characteristics and strain hardening characteristics, two criteria, namely strength criteria and energy criteria, must be met. If the fiber surface treatment and the optimization of the concrete matrix performance are not carried out, the existing basalt fiber toughened concrete can not meet the two criteria at the same time, and the fiber toughening effect can only be improved at the level of low bending toughness index and strain softening.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the mechanical property and long-term durability of concrete in a harsh environment are rapidly degraded and the service time is short due to the phenomena that reinforcing steel bars and steel fibers are easy to corrode and expand under the conditions of salt corrosion and current corrosion, organic synthetic fibers are easy to age under the conditions of high temperature difference and strong ultraviolet rays and the like, the invention provides the bendable concrete which not only has the mechanical property of the steel fiber/organic synthetic fiber reinforced concrete, but also has excellent corrosion resistance, ageing resistance and high temperature resistance. The method is characterized in that the basalt fiber is subjected to surface modification and defect repair by adopting a nano material, the dispersion process is combined, the matching property of the lithology and the particle size of the concrete aggregate is optimized, the viscosity of the matrix is adjusted by using the basalt powder, the high-durability concrete with excellent bending deformation performance is prepared, and the requirements of structural parts with large deformation requirements under severe service environments on large deformation and high durability of the concrete are met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the bendable concrete is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 10-60 parts of cement, 0-50 parts of mineral admixture, 15-25 parts of aggregate, 0.1-0.5 part of stone powder, 15-25 parts of water, 0.25-1 part of chemical admixture and 0.5-4.5 parts of functional fiber; the functional fiber is obtained by dipping basalt fiber in a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers at 40-60 ℃, drying, then putting into a mixer, and stirring, shearing and dispersing basalt coarse aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm at the rotating speed of more than or equal to 1200 rpm.
Preferably, 20-50 parts of cement, 20-50 parts of mineral admixture, 18-25 parts of aggregate, 0.2-0.4 part of stone powder, 15-20 parts of water, 0.3-0.8 part of chemical admixture and 1-4 parts of functional fiber.
The cement is general portland cement, and the strength grade is more than or equal to 42.5; the mineral admixture is class I or class II F fly ash, S75 and above slag and SiO2At least one of silicon powder with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent.
The aggregate is basalt machine-made sand, the nominal maximum particle size is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.0-2.3; the stone powder is ground basalt superfine stone powder, and the 45 mu m screen residue is zero.
The chemical admixture is a high-performance water reducing agent.
The basalt fiber has the fiber length of 6-12 mm, the equivalent diameter of 20-40 mu m, the elastic modulus of 35-40 GPa, the breaking strength of more than or equal to 1500MPa and the breaking elongation of 2.4-3.1%; the calcium carbonate whisker has the diameter of 0.1-20 mu m and the length of 1-100 mu m, and the ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 1: 10000-1: 1000; the sum of the basalt and the calcium carbonate whiskers accounts for 0.5-4.5 parts by weight.
Further, the silane coupling agent is one of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane KH-550, gamma-piperazinylpropylmethyldimethoxysilane KH-608, N-beta- (aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane KH-792, gamma-diethylenetriaminopropyltrimethoxysilane KH-892 and gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane KH-902.
Further, the concentration of the silane coupling agent is 4-20 multiplied by 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L.
Further, a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion is adopted, firstly, the calcium carbonate whiskers are dispersed in a silane coupling agent solution at 40-60 ℃, and then the basalt fibers are added into the mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation.
Further, the dipping time is 12-24 h; preferably for 18 h.
Furthermore, the drying temperature is 105 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, and the drying time is 24h plus or minus 1 h.
Further, the stirring time is 30min +/-5 min.
The bending toughness ratio of the concrete is more than or equal to 1.20.
The preparation method of the bendable concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding cement, mineral admixture, aggregate, stone powder, chemical admixture, 80% of water and the like into a double horizontal shaft forced stirrer, and stirring at a low rotating speed for 3-5 min;
(2) under the low-speed stirring state, dispersedly adding functional fibers;
(3) stirring at high speed for 3min, adding the rest 20% water, and stirring for 5 min.
The low-rotation-speed stirring rotation speed is (120 +/-10) r/min, and the high-rotation-speed stirring rotation speed is (300 +/-10) r/min.
The preparation method of the functional fiber comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 40-60 ℃ by adopting a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring (stirring speed: 100-1800 r/min) and ultrasonic oscillation (working frequency: 20-25 KHz and ultrasonic power: 50-1000W) dispersion, then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for dipping for 12-24 hours, and then drying.
In the invention, the basalt superfine stone powder is a byproduct generated in the production process of basalt machine-made sand, is further ground into micro-nano scale and is used as an inorganic thickening functional material, so that the occupation of the site and the environmental pollution caused by piling and placing the byproduct of the machine-made sand are avoided, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, the use of an organic chemical viscosity regulating additive is avoided, and the green and environment-friendly effect of the material is improved.
As basalt products, basalt fibers, basalt superfine stone powder and basalt machine-made sand have completely the same linear expansion coefficient. When the basalt fiber reinforced concrete is prepared, the basalt machine-made sand made of the same material is selected as an aggregate, and the basalt superfine stone powder is used as a viscosity regulator functional component, so that the coordination and synchronization of the temperature deformation of the bendable concrete are ensured to the maximum extent, and the damage and deterioration process of the concrete, which is accelerated due to stress concentration caused by inconsistent temperature deformation of different materials under the action of temperature difference, is avoided.
CN113045264A also adopts basalt fine sand, basalt fiber and basalt fine powder, however, the technical route of CN113045264A is completely different from the invention, and is embodied in that: 1) the method adopts the mixing of basalt fine sand, basalt fiber and basalt fine powder as an admixture system, and utilizes the characteristic of high density of basalt to meet the requirement that the mass of the mixture of the basalt fine sand, the basalt fiber and the basalt fine powder is more than 2100 kg in unit cubic meter volume; 2) the homogeneous material is used for increasing the transmission channel of the electromagnetic wave, and the absorption capacity of the electromagnetic wave is improved; 3) the basalt micropowder and basalt fiber are utilized to construct a skeleton structure, and the compressive strength of the mortar is ensured under the synergistic action of the basalt micropowder and basalt fine sand; the activity of basalt micropowder volcanic ash is excited, the porosity of mortar is reduced, and the anti-permeability performance is improved; 4) the basalt fiber has slightly improved bending strength, but has no influence on the deformation performance. The three materials have unique functions, basalt fine sand is used as concrete aggregate, basalt superfine stone powder is used as an inorganic viscosity regulator, basalt fiber subjected to surface modification and defect repair by adopting a nano material is used as a functional material for greatly improving the bending deformation capability of concrete, the thermal expansion deformation of the three materials is coordinated, the micro-damage is reduced, and the durability is improved.
During the high-speed drawing and cooling process of the bushing plate, the basalt fiber inevitably generates tiny defects such as holes, discontinuous pits, scratches and the like on the surface of the fiber. The defects can increase the biting force and the friction force between the fibers and the hardened cement paste, so that the fibers are easy to break in the stress process, the energy absorption capacity of the fibers in the drawing process is reduced, and the bending deformation capacity of the concrete is weakened. The basalt fiber is soaked in a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers in a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion under a certain temperature condition, and the calcium carbonate whiskers with a micro-nano scale are uniformly dispersed and adsorbed to the surface of the basalt fiber, so that the effects of repairing the surface defects of the basalt, enhancing the tensile property of the basalt fiber, improving the performance of a fiber-matrix interface transition region and improving the bonding-slipping capacity of the basalt fiber are achieved. Basalt fiber is dried after being dipped and still has certain agglomeration and aggregation phenomena, and in order to improve the dispersion effect of the fiber, basalt coarse aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm is added into a mixer to be used as a shear dispersion medium, so that the basalt fiber is stirred at a high speed at the rotating speed of more than or equal to 1200rpm and is sheared and dispersed. The basalt fiber is dipped in the mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate crystal whisker and is sheared and dispersed, so that the bending property of the concrete is improved, and the effect is obvious. The basalt fiber has a lower toughening effect than steel fiber when the fiber content in common concrete is the same. When the volume mixing amount of the steel fiber is 0.5-2.0%, the bending toughness ratio is 0.31-0.66 (Wu tube, Tang national bin, Mongolian and so on. Steel fiber concrete bending toughness test research [ J ]. industrial building, 2007(07):63-65.), and is only 1/4-1/2 of the invention (the bending toughness ratio is more than or equal to 1.20).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) excellent bending performance and durability of concrete
The invention adopts the basalt inorganic non-metallic fiber, the concrete not only realizes the ultrahigh bending property with the bending toughness ratio of more than or equal to 1.20, but also obviously improves the salt corrosion resistance, stray current corrosion resistance and ageing resistance of the concrete; the concrete structure meets the requirement of large deformation of the concrete structure, and can be used under extremely severe service conditions such as marine environment, salt lake environment, saline soil environment, stray current environment, high-altitude strong ultraviolet environment, high-temperature difference environment and the like.
2) Does not use organic viscosity regulating additive
The basalt superfine stone powder reaches the micro-nano scale by reprocessing and deep processing of byproducts generated by producing basalt machine-made sand, and is compatible with basalt aggregates and basalt fibers with the same apparent density and lithology by utilizing the size effect, the shape effect and the surface effect of the basalt superfine stone powder, so that an effective viscosity adjusting effect is achieved in a fresh concrete system. In the concrete with high fiber mixing amount, the use of organic viscosity adjusting additives is cancelled, so that the negative influence of the organic viscosity adjusting additives on the mechanical and deformation properties of the concrete is avoided, and the green and environment-friendly performance of the concrete is also improved.
3) Aggregate-fiber-matrix co-deformation
Under high temperature difference environments such as high day and night temperature difference, high seasonal temperature difference, high internal and external temperature difference and the like, when the thermal expansion coefficients of aggregates, fibers and a matrix are different, deformation difference exists among aggregates with different lithologies, deformation difference exists among the fibers and the aggregates, and deformation difference exists among the fibers, the aggregates and the matrix. By adopting the aggregate (basalt machine-made sand), the fiber (basalt fiber) and the matrix (basalt ultrafine stone powder) with the same thermal expansion coefficient, the micro-damage of the concrete caused by the temperature deformation difference of different components in the large temperature difference process can be avoided, so that the long-term durability of the concrete is obviously improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 example 1 typical mid-span deflection-bending stress curve for bendable concrete.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The raw materials are all commercially available materials, and the specific manufacturers are as follows:
the basalt fiber is produced by Jiangsu Tianlong basalt continuous fiber GmbH. Basalt machine-made sand and basalt superfine stone powder are produced by fourteenth engineering administration of water conservancy and hydropower, ltd. Calcium carbonate whiskers are produced by Shanghai Rui rock chemical Co., Ltd. Ordinary portland cement and portland cement are produced by the limited number of seashell cements, Anhui. Fly ash is produced by Nanjing thermal power plant, slag is produced by Maanshan iron and Steel Co., Ltd, and silicon powder is produced by Exken International trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Both the silane coupling agent and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were produced by hangzhou jerincha chemical co. The HLC-IX type polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is produced by Nanjing Ruidi construction science and technology Limited. The water is common drinking tap water.
The functional fiber is obtained by dipping basalt fiber in a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers at 40-60 ℃, drying, then putting into a mixer, and stirring, shearing and dispersing basalt coarse aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm at the rotating speed of more than or equal to 1200 rpm.
Example 1
The material composition ratio is shown in table 1, for example:
TABLE 1 Flexible concrete Material proportion (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000061
The cement is P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 2.3; the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-608; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 25%;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following components: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 40 ℃ by adopting a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring (stirring speed: 1000r/min) and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion (working frequency is 20-25 KHz and ultrasonic power is 300W), and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 40 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 40GPa, and the breaking strength is 1550 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-10 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-50 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 4.5/ten thousand. The concentration of the silane coupling agent was 10X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The fiber dipping temperature is 40 ℃, the dipping time is 12h, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregates with the particle size of 20mm are stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1200 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.25, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1520 omega-m.
The bending stress-mid-span deflection curve of the bendable concrete is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the stress and strain curve shows obvious strain hardening characteristics as the stress is gradually increased along with the increase of the strain.
Example 2
The material composition ratios are shown in table 2, for example:
TABLE 2 Flexible concrete Material proportion (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000062
The cement is P.II 42.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class I-grade fly ash; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.0; the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-792; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 26%;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 60 ℃ by combining strong magnetic stirring (stirring speed: 800r/min) and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion (working frequency is 20-25 KHz and ultrasonic power is 500W), and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 40 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 35GPa, and the breaking strength is 1500 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-20 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-50 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 4.0/ten thousand. The concentration of the silane coupling agent was 4X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The dipping temperature is 60 ℃, the dipping time is 18h, the drying temperature is 100 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregate with the grain size of 25mm is stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1250 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.32, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1450 omega m.
Example 3
The material composition ratios are shown in table 3, for example:
TABLE 3 mixing ratio of bendable concrete materials (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000071
The cement is P.I 42.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class II-grade fly ash; the slag is S75 grade slag; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.4; the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-892; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 26%;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 50 ℃ by using a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 35 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 40GPa, and the breaking strength is 1650 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-10 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-30 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 3.5/ten thousand; the concentration of the silane coupling agent was 20X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The dipping temperature is 50 ℃, the dipping time is 24h, the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregate with the grain size of 30mm is stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1300 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.47, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1380 omega m.
Example 4
The material composition ratios are shown in table 4, for example:
TABLE 4 mixing ratio of bendable concrete materials (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000081
The cement is P.O 52.5 ordinary portland cement; the fly ash is F-class II-grade fly ash; the slag is S95 grade slag; silica powder SiO2The content is 95 percent; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.8; the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-902; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 28%;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 55 ℃ by using a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 20 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 40GPa, and the breaking strength is 2100 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-20 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-40 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 2.5/ten thousand; the concentration of the silane coupling agent was 8X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The dipping temperature is 55 ℃, the dipping time is 16h, the drying temperature is 102.5 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregates with the grain size of 40mm are stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1400 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.38, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1465 omega m.
Example 5
The material composition ratios are shown in table 5, for example:
TABLE 5 Flexible concrete Material proportion (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000082
The cement is P.I 52.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class I-grade fly ash; the slag is S105 grade slag(ii) a Silica powder SiO2The content is 95 percent; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.5;
the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-792; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 25%;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 45 ℃ by using a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 40 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 35GPa, and the breaking strength is 2500 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-20 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-60 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 1.5/ten thousand. The concentration of the silane coupling agent was 16X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The dipping time is 20h at the dipping temperature of 45 ℃, the drying temperature is 107.5 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregates with the particle size of 20mm are stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1500 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete sample for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.43, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1296 omega.m.
Example 6
The material composition ratios are shown in table 6, for example:
TABLE 6 mixing proportion (parts by mass) of bendable concrete materials
Figure BDA0003301169780000091
The cement is P.II 52.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class II-grade fly ash; the slag is S75 grade slag; silica powder SiO2The content is 96 percent; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.3; the basalt superfine stone powder with the oversize residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-550; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agentThe water rate is 30 percent;
the functional fiber is obtained by impregnating basalt fiber with a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers and then drying the impregnated basalt fiber, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at the temperature of 57.5 ℃, and then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for impregnation;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 20 mu m, the length is 6mm, the elastic modulus is 35GPa, and the breaking strength is 1750 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-20 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-100 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 0.5/ten thousand; the concentration of the silane coupling agent was 12X 10-21kg of basalt fiber was impregnated with 1L of a silane coupling agent solution at mol/L. The dipping time is 22h at the dipping temperature of 57.5 ℃, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and basalt coarse aggregates with the grain size of 40mm are stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1200 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 1.54, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 150, and the resistivity is 1342 omega m.
Example 7
The material composition ratios are shown in table 7, for example:
TABLE 7 mixing ratio of bendable concrete materials (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000101
The cement is P.O 42.5 ordinary portland cement; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 2.3; the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the silane coupling agent is KH-608; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 25%;
the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 40 mu m, the length is 12mm, the elastic modulus is 40GPa, and the breaking strength is 1550 MPa; the diameter of the calcium carbonate whisker is 0.1-10 mu m, the length of the calcium carbonate whisker is 1-50 mu m, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 4.5/ten thousand; the concentration of the silane coupling agent was 10X 10-21kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L. The fiber dipping temperature is 40 ℃, the dipping time is 12h, the drying temperature is 105 ℃,basalt coarse aggregate with the grain diameter of 20mm is stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1200 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 0.85, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 120, and the resistivity is 1135 m.
Example 8
The material composition ratios are shown in table 8, for example:
TABLE 8 mixing ratio of bendable concrete materials (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000102
The cement is P.II 52.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class II-grade fly ash; the slag is S75 grade slag; silica powder SiO2The content is 96%; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.3;
the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 30%; the equivalent diameter of the basalt fiber is 20 mu m, the length is 6mm, the elastic modulus is 35GPa, and the breaking strength is 1750 MPa; the calcium carbonate whisker with the diameter of 0.1-20 mu m and the length of 1-100 mu m is directly mixed with the fiber and then sheared and dispersed, and the mass ratio of the calcium carbonate whisker to the basalt fiber is 0.5/ten thousand. Basalt fibers are not subjected to dipping treatment, and basalt coarse aggregates with the grain size of 40mm are stirred, sheared and dispersed at the rotating speed of 1200 rpm.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 0.92, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 120, and the resistivity is 965 omega. m.
Example 9
The material composition ratios are shown in table 9, for example:
TABLE 9 mixing proportion (parts by mass) of bendable concrete materials
Figure BDA0003301169780000111
The cement is P.II 52.5 portland cement; the fly ash is F-class II-grade fly ash; the slag is S75 grade slag; silica powder SiO2The content is 96 percent; the nominal maximum grain diameter of the basalt machine-made sand is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.3;
the basalt superfine stone powder with a screen residue of 45 mu m is zero; the water is drinking tap water; the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the water reducing rate is 30%; the basalt fiber has an equivalent diameter of 20 mu m, a length of 6mm, an elastic modulus of 35GPa and a breaking strength of 1750 MPa. And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 0.65, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 120, and the resistivity is 1034 omega m. The basalt fibers are untreated.
Example 10
The material composition ratios are shown in table 10, for example:
TABLE 10 mixing ratio of bendable concrete materials (parts by mass)
Figure BDA0003301169780000112
The viscosity regulator is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC. Except that the viscosity regulator is adopted to replace the basalt stone powder, other materials and the parts by weight thereof are the same as those of the embodiment 2. The concrete viscosity of example 10 was the same as that of example 2, and the plastic viscosity values of the fresh slurry were all 6.5 pas. + -. 0.1 pas.
And (3) forming and curing the concrete test piece for 28d, and measuring that the bending toughness ratio is 0.95, the sulfate resistance grade KS is more than or equal to 120, and the resistivity is 1038 omega.m.
In examples 1 to 6, the material ratio of the invention is actually measured to be 1.25 to 1.54, and the bending toughness ratio is more than 1.20.
When other components are the same and only the functional fiber does not meet the proportion range of 0.5 to 4.5 parts by mass, the bending toughness ratio cannot reach 1.20. The bending toughness ratio is only 0.85 as in example 7.
Example 8 was substantially similar to example 6, except that in example 8, calcium carbonate whiskers were added by direct stirring for impregnation, and the bending toughness ratio was 0.92.
Grin 9 was carried out substantially similarly to example 6 except that the basalt fiber of example 9 was not incorporated with calcium carbonate whiskers and was further subjected to impregnation and shear dispersion treatment, and the bending toughness ratio was 0.65.
Example 10 is substantially similar to example 2, except that example 10 uses a viscosity modifier instead of basalt stone powder and has a bending toughness ratio of 0.95.
The bendable concrete of examples 1 to 10 was prepared as follows:
(1) adding cement, mineral admixture, aggregate, stone powder, chemical admixture, 80% of water and the like into a double horizontal shaft forced stirrer, and stirring for 3-5 min at a low rotating speed (120 +/-10) r/min;
(2) under the condition of low-speed stirring (120 +/-10) r/min, adding functional fibers in a dispersing way;
(3) stirring at high speed (300 +/-10) r/min for 3min, adding the rest 20% of water, and stirring for 5 min.
Test methods for relevant properties in examples 1 to 10 are as follows:
according to CECS: 2009 Standard test method for fiber concrete, testing the bending toughness ratio of concrete, testing the durability of the concrete according to GB/T50082 Suffrution 2009 Standard test method for Long-term Performance and durability of ordinary concrete, and testing the resistivity of the concrete according to GB/T50784 Suffrution 2013 Standard on-site testing technology for concrete Structure.

Claims (8)

1. The bendable concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of cement, 0-50 parts of mineral admixture, 15-25 parts of aggregate, 0.1-0.5 part of stone powder, 15-25 parts of water, 0.25-1 part of chemical admixture and 0.5-4.5 parts of functional fiber; the functional fiber is obtained by dipping basalt fiber in a mixed solution of a silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate whiskers at 40-60 ℃, drying, then putting into a mixer, and stirring, shearing and dispersing basalt coarse aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 20mm at the rotating speed of more than or equal to 1200 rpm;
the aggregate is basalt machine-made sand, the nominal maximum particle size is 1.25mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.0-2.3; the stone powder is ground basalt superfine stone powder, and the 45 mu m screen residue is zero.
2. The method of claim 1The bendable concrete is characterized in that the cement is general portland cement, and the strength grade is more than or equal to 42.5; the mineral admixture is class I F fly ash or class II F fly ash, S75 slag and SiO2At least one of silicon powders with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent.
3. The bendable concrete according to claim 1, wherein the chemical admixture is a high performance water reducer.
4. The bendable concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the basalt fiber has a fiber length of 6-12 mm, an equivalent diameter of 20-40 μm, an elastic modulus of 35-40 GPa, a breaking strength of not less than 1500MPa, and an elongation at break of 2.4-3.1%.
5. The bendable concrete according to claim 1, wherein the calcium carbonate whiskers have a diameter of 0.1 to 20 μm and a length of 1 to 100 μm.
6. The bendable concrete according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the calcium carbonate whiskers to the basalt fibers is 1: 10000-1: 1000; the concentration of the silane coupling agent is 4-20 multiplied by 10-2 1kg of basalt fiber is impregnated with 1L of silane coupling agent solution of mol/L.
7. The bendable concrete according to claim 1, wherein the concrete bending toughness ratio is not less than 1.20.
8. A method of making a bendable concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding cement, mineral admixture, aggregate, stone powder, chemical admixture and 80% of water into a double horizontal shaft forced stirrer, and stirring at a low rotating speed for 3-5 min;
(2) under the low-speed stirring state, dispersedly adding functional fibers;
(3) stirring at high speed for 3min, adding the rest 20% water, and stirring for 5 min;
the preparation method of the functional fiber comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly dispersing calcium carbonate whiskers into a silane coupling agent solution at 40-60 ℃ by adopting a mode of combining strong magnetic stirring and ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, then adding basalt fibers into a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent and the calcium carbonate whiskers for dipping for 12-24 hours, and then drying.
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