CN113753993B - Self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113753993B CN113753993B CN202110909226.3A CN202110909226A CN113753993B CN 113753993 B CN113753993 B CN 113753993B CN 202110909226 A CN202110909226 A CN 202110909226A CN 113753993 B CN113753993 B CN 113753993B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D3/04—Chlorides
- C01D3/06—Preparation by working up brines; seawater or spent lyes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/005—Valves
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy and an operation method thereof, relating to the field of solar energy utilization and sea water desalination and salt production. The system is a self-sufficient system, can meet the power consumption required by the operation of various pumps and compressors in the whole system by utilizing solar energy and seawater for power generation, and can separate out salt while desalting seawater. The self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy can realize multiple capacities of power generation, fresh water and salt precipitation, greatly improve the energy utilization rate in the sea water desalination process, greatly reduce the production cost and have high economic operation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of salt extraction by utilizing solar energy and seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a self-sufficient fresh water and seawater salt co-production system utilizing solar energy and an operation method thereof.
Background
With the global warming and population growth, the demand of fresh water for human beings is continuously increasing. At present, the cost for converting seawater into fresh water is basically very expensive, the target in the conversion process is single, a large amount of electric energy and fossil energy are consumed in the traditional seawater desalination conversion mode, and a large amount of energy is wasted in the conversion process, so that various kinds of energy cannot be fully utilized. Under the energy strategy proposed in recent years, the seawater desalination technology with single target and high cost is not enough to match the current economic environment-friendly sustainable development strategy. How to utilize renewable energy sources to the seawater desalination technology is very important. The solar energy is used as a green renewable energy source, and can be used for efficiently utilizing the characteristics of cleanness, inexhaustibility and low utilization cost of the solar energy to the seawater desalination technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a self-sufficient type fresh water and sea salt co-production system by utilizing solar energy and an operation method thereof. The self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy can realize multiple capacities of power generation, fresh water and salt precipitation, greatly improve the energy utilization rate in the sea water desalination process, greatly reduce the production cost and have high economic operation efficiency.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy comprises a first pressurizing water pump, wherein the first pressurizing water pump is connected with a first sleeve heat exchanger, and an inlet of the first pressurizing water pump is connected with raw material sea water through a pipeline;
the right port of the first sleeve pipe heat exchanger is connected to the left port of the second sleeve pipe heat exchanger through a first pipeline;
the right port of the second sleeve heat exchanger is connected to the left port of the third sleeve heat exchanger through a second pipeline;
the right port of the third sleeve heat exchanger is connected with a medium-high temperature focusing solar heater through a third pipeline,
the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, so that the internal temperature and pressure of the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater can be monitored in real time, and the reasonable operation of the whole operation system can be correspondingly judged; the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater can focus and utilize solar energy, and the solar energy is fully utilized to reach high temperature; the right side of the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater is connected into the flash tank through a fourth pipeline;
the top opening of the flash tank is connected to the small-sized steam turbine through a fifth pipeline;
the right side port of the small-sized steam turbine is connected with the generator, the bottom of the small-sized steam turbine is connected into the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger through a sixth pipeline, and dead steam generated in the operation process of the small-sized steam turbine is timely sent into the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger to carry out corresponding heat exchange.
The refrigerant circulating system where the first sleeve heat exchanger is located is formed by connecting a fifth sleeve heat exchanger, a compressor and a throttle valve through a refrigerant pipeline; when the whole system operates, the fifth sleeve heat exchanger plays a role of an evaporator, the first sleeve heat exchanger plays a role of a condenser, a refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in an inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger, a gas-liquid mixture is sent into a compressor through a refrigerant pipeline, the gas-liquid mixture is pressurized and worked to become high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant steam, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant steam enters the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger and raw seawater outside the inner sleeve to carry out condensation heat exchange, and the raw seawater is sent into the second sleeve heat exchanger after the effect of heat exchange and temperature rise of low-temperature seawater and a refrigerant working medium is achieved; at the moment, the refrigerant working medium liquid of which the temperature is reduced after the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger releases heat enters the throttle valve, is converted into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant after throttling and pressure reduction, and enters the inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger for next circulation.
The left side of an inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger is connected to a fourth sleeve heat exchanger through a ninth pipeline, and the right side of the inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger is connected with the small-sized steam turbine through a sixth pipeline; when the system operates, the dead steam generated by working in the small-sized steam turbine is conveyed into an inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger through the sixth pipeline to exchange heat with raw material seawater conveyed in the first sleeve heat exchanger after the temperature is raised to a certain temperature, the cooled dead steam is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger, and the gas-liquid mixture is conveyed into the fourth sleeve heat exchanger through the ninth pipeline from the left side of the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger to exchange heat again.
An upper side port of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger is connected with the left side of an inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger through a ninth pipeline, and a lower side port of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger is connected into the fifth sleeve heat exchanger through an eleventh pipeline;
the fifth sleeve heat exchanger is connected with a third pressurizing water pump through a tenth pipeline and then is connected with an upper side opening of an inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger; when the whole system operates, the cooled exhaust steam is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in an inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger, the gas-liquid mixture enters the fourth sleeve heat exchanger for secondary cooling, the cooled liquid seawater enters the fifth sleeve heat exchanger through the eleventh pipeline and enters refrigerant in inner sleeves of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger and the fifth sleeve heat exchanger for heat exchange and cooling, the cooled liquid seawater is conveyed to an inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger through the tenth pipeline by the third pressurizing water pump, the seawater in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger for secondary heat exchange and cooling, and the desalinated seawater is conveyed out through a desalinated seawater outlet connected with the lower side of the inner sleeve in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger.
The right side port of the third sleeve heat exchanger is connected with the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater through a third pipeline, the right side of an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger is connected with the bottom of the flash tank through a seventh pipeline, a second pressurizing water pump is arranged on the seventh pipeline, an eighth pipeline is connected to the left side of the inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger, a first stop valve is arranged on the eighth pipeline, and a salting-out pool is arranged at the bottom of an outlet of the eighth pipeline; when the whole system operates, seawater with a certain temperature from the second sleeve heat exchanger is sent into the third sleeve heat exchanger through the second pipeline to exchange heat with high-temperature liquid seawater in an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger, the heated seawater enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater through the third pipeline from the third sleeve heat exchanger, the temperature of the seawater is rapidly increased in the part, the heated seawater enters the flash tank under the condition that the second stop valve is opened, the flash tank flashes the seawater into gaseous water and concentrated seawater, the gaseous water is conveyed to the small-sized steam turbine through the fifth pipeline from an outlet at the top of the flash tank, the concentrated seawater is conveyed to an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger through the seventh pipeline and the second pressurizing water pump from the bottom of the flash tank, the concentrated seawater is conveyed to the salting-out tank through the eighth pipeline under the condition that the first stop valve is opened after heat exchange with the seawater outside the inner sleeve, and salt is separated out through processing operation.
The generator is connected with the small-sized steam turbine, after power generation, electric quantity is transmitted from the first trunk line to the second trunk line by the generator to be supplied to the second pressure water pump to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the generator, and is transmitted to the third trunk line to be supplied to the compressor, and the fourth trunk line to be supplied to the pressure pump to be supplied to the third pressure water pump to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the compressor and the fourth trunk line; the first main line finally transmits the electric quantity to the first pressure water pump, the first pressure water pump bears the most electric consumption in the operation of the whole system, the electric quantity supplied to the first pressure water pump is the most, the stable operation of the whole system is ensured, and the integrated process of self-sufficient seawater desalination and salt production by utilizing solar energy can be completely realized.
An operation method of a self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system by utilizing solar energy comprises the following steps:
when the system starts to operate, the method is that the second stop valve and the third stop valve are both in a closed state, raw material seawater is connected into a raw material seawater inlet and enters the first sleeve heat exchanger to exchange heat with a refrigerant in an inner sleeve pipeline under the condition that the first pressure water pump operates, the refrigerant is condensed and releases heat in an inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger, the heated raw material seawater enters the second sleeve heat exchanger through the first pipeline and exchanges heat with exhaust steam in the inner sleeve pipeline again, the raw material seawater after secondary temperature rise enters the third sleeve heat exchanger through the second pipeline and enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater to continue temperature rise after the heat exchange with high-temperature liquid water in the inner sleeve, the raw material seawater enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater to be heated, the second stop valve on the right pipeline is in a closed state, and when the raw material seawater is heated to a certain height, the second stop valve is opened to send the medium-high temperature raw material seawater into the flash tank, the gas water is sent into a small-sized steam turbine from the top of the flash tank to do work through a pipeline, the generated exhaust steam is sent into an inner sleeve pipeline of a second sleeve heat exchanger and raw material seawater in the second sleeve heat exchanger through a pipeline from the bottom of a small-sized evaporator to exchange heat, the cooled exhaust steam is sent into a fourth sleeve heat exchanger through a ninth pipeline to exchange heat again, then sent into a fifth sleeve heat exchanger through an eleventh pipeline to exchange heat with a refrigerant in an inner sleeve, the cooled liquid water is sent into the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger through a tenth pipeline under the operation of a third pressurizing water pump to exchange heat with the exhaust steam in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger, and then is discharged from a desalted seawater outlet under the condition that a third stop valve is opened, and the refrigerant in the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger evaporates and absorbs heat and then enters a compressor to be compressed to do work, and then enters the inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger to work Seawater as a raw material outside the neutralization pipe is condensed for heat exchange, and then flows through the throttle valve and enters the inner sleeve of the fifth double-pipe heat exchanger again for next circulation; and at the lower part of the flash tank, the liquid seawater subjected to flash evaporation is sent into an inner sleeve of a third sleeve heat exchanger through a seventh pipeline under the operation of a second pressurized water pump, is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction, then flows into a salting-out tank through an eighth pipeline under the opening state of a first stop valve to precipitate salt, and after the small-sized steam turbine works, electric energy is transmitted to system components, namely the second pressurized water pump, the third pressurized water pump, a compressor and the first pressurized water pump through a power transmission line by a generator to meet the self-power consumption, so that the self-sufficiency purpose is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes renewable energy source-solar energy in seawater desalination, can realize the effects of seawater desalination, salt separation and power generation, and particularly provides the system which can be self-sufficient, the generated energy can completely solve the power consumption of each component in the system operation, the system operation cost is fully reduced to the maximum extent under the condition of various target products, the system operation efficiency is improved, the complementary energy generated by each component is fully utilized in the operation process, the energy waste is reduced, and the economic efficiency is high.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a self-contained fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 a first pressurizing water pump, 2 a first sleeve heat exchanger, 3 a second sleeve heat exchanger, 4 a third sleeve heat exchanger, 5 a high-temperature focusing solar heater, 6 a flash tank, 7 a small steam turbine, 8 a generator, 9 a second pressurizing water pump, 10 a first stop valve, 11 a salting-out tank, 12 a fourth sleeve heat exchanger, 13 a fifth sleeve heat exchanger, 14 a third pressurizing water pump, 15 a compressor, 16 a throttle valve, 17 a raw material seawater inlet, 18 a first pipeline, 19 a second pipeline, 20 a third pipeline, 21 a fourth pipeline, 22 a fifth pipeline, 23 a sixth pipeline, 24 a seventh pipeline, 25 an eighth pipeline, 26 a ninth pipeline, 27 a tenth pipeline, 28 a desalted seawater outlet, 29 a refrigerant pipeline, 30 an eleventh pipeline, 31 a second stop valve, 32 a third stop valve, 33 a first trunk line, 34 a second trunk line, 35 a third trunk line and 36 a fourth trunk line.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system utilizing solar energy comprises a first pressurizing water pump 1, wherein the first pressurizing water pump 1 is connected with a first casing heat exchanger 2, and an inlet of the first pressurizing water pump 1 is connected with raw seawater through a pipeline 17; the right port of the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 is connected to the left port of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through a first pipeline 18; the right port of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 is connected to the left port of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through a second pipeline 19; the right port of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 is connected to a medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 through a third pipeline 20, the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the temperature and the pressure in the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 can be monitored in real time, and the reasonable operation of the whole operation system can be correspondingly judged; the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 can focus and utilize solar energy and fully utilize the solar energy to reach high temperature; the right side of the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 is connected into the flash tank 6 through a fourth pipeline 21; the top opening of the flash tank 6 is connected to the small-sized steam turbine 7 through a fifth pipeline 22; the right side port of the small-sized steam turbine 7 is connected with the generator 8, the bottom of the small-sized steam turbine 7 is connected to the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through a sixth pipeline 23, and exhausted steam generated in the operation process of the small-sized steam turbine 7 is timely sent into the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 to carry out corresponding heat exchange. The system can be used for realizing the effects of seawater desalination, salt separation and power generation, particularly, the system can be self-sufficient, the generated energy can completely solve the power consumption of each part in the system operation, the system operation cost is fully reduced to the greatest extent under the condition of various target products, the system operation efficiency is improved, the complementary energy generated by each part is fully utilized in the operation process, the energy waste is reduced, and the economic efficiency is high.
Further, the refrigerant circulating system where the first casing heat exchanger 2 is located is formed by connecting a fifth casing heat exchanger 13, a compressor 15 and a throttle valve 16 through a refrigerant pipeline 29; when the whole system operates, the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 plays a role of an evaporator, the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 plays a role of a condenser, a refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in an inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13, a gas-liquid mixture is sent into the compressor 15 through the refrigerant pipeline 29, high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant steam is obtained after pressurization and working and enters the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 to perform condensation heat exchange with raw material seawater outside the inner sleeve, and the raw material seawater is sent into the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 after the effect of heat exchange and temperature rise of low-temperature seawater and a refrigerant working medium is achieved; at this time, the refrigerant working medium liquid of which the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 is cooled after releasing heat enters the throttle valve 16, is throttled and decompressed, becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant, and enters the inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 for the next cycle. The primary heat exchange of seawater can be mainly realized by adopting the first sleeve heat exchanger 2.
Furthermore, the left side of the inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 is connected to the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 through a ninth pipeline 26, and the right side of the inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 is connected to the small-sized steam turbine 7 through a sixth pipeline 23; when the system is in operation, the exhaust steam generated by working in the small-sized steam turbine 7 is conveyed into an inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through the sixth pipeline 23 to exchange heat with the raw seawater conveyed by the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 after the temperature of the exhaust steam is raised to a certain temperature, the exhaust steam which is obtained through cooling is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3, and the gas-liquid mixture is conveyed into the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 through the ninth pipeline 26 from the left side of the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat again through the ninth pipeline 26.
Furthermore, the upper port of the fourth double-pipe heat exchanger 12 is connected with the left side of an inner sleeve in the second double-pipe heat exchanger 3 through a ninth pipeline 26, and the lower port is connected into the fifth double-pipe heat exchanger 13 through an eleventh pipeline 30; the fifth double-pipe heat exchanger 13 is connected with a third pressurizing water pump 14 through a tenth pipeline 27 and then is connected to an upper side opening of an inner double-pipe of the fourth double-pipe heat exchanger 12; when the whole system operates, the cooled exhaust steam is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3, the gas-liquid mixture enters the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 for secondary cooling, the cooled liquid seawater enters the refrigerant in the inner sleeves of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 and the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 through the eleventh pipeline 30, is subjected to heat exchange and cooling through the tenth pipeline 27, is conveyed into the inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 through the third pressurizing water pump 14, is subjected to heat exchange and cooling again through the seawater in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12, and is conveyed out of the desalted seawater through the desalted seawater outlet 28 connected with the lower side of the inner sleeve in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12.
Further, a right side port of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 is connected to the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 through a third pipeline 20, the right side of an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 is connected with the bottom of the flash tank 6 through a seventh pipeline 24, the seventh pipeline 24 is provided with a second pressurizing water pump 9, the left side of the inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 is connected with an eighth pipeline 25, the eighth pipeline 25 is provided with a first stop valve 10, and the bottom of an outlet of the eighth pipeline 25 is provided with a salting-out tank 11; when the whole system operates, seawater with a certain temperature from the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 is sent into the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through the second pipeline 19 to exchange heat with high-temperature liquid seawater in an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4, the heated seawater enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 from the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through the third pipeline 20, the temperature of the seawater is rapidly increased in the part, the heated seawater enters the flash tank 6 under the condition that the second stop valve 31 is opened, the flash tank 6 flashes the seawater into gaseous water and concentrated seawater, the gaseous water is sent to the small-sized steam turbine 7 from the fifth pipeline 22 from the top outlet of the flash tank 6, the concentrated seawater is sent to the inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through the seventh pipeline 24 and the second pressurizing water pump 9 from the bottom of the flash tank 6, the concentrated seawater is sent to the salting-out tank 11 through the eighth pipeline 25 under the condition that the first stop valve 10 is opened after heat exchange, and salt is separated through processing operation.
Further, the generator 8 is connected with the small-sized steam turbine 7, and after power generation, electric quantity is transmitted from the generator 8 to the second main line 34 from the first main line 33 to be supplied to the second pressure water pump 9 to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the generator, and is transmitted to the third main line 35 to be supplied to the compressor 15, and the fourth main line 36 to be supplied to the pressure pump and the third pressure water pump 14 to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the compressor and the pressure pump; the first main line 33 finally transmits the electric quantity to the first pressure water pump 1, the first pressure water pump 1 bears the most electric consumption in the operation of the whole system, the electric quantity for supplying the first pressure water pump 1 is the most, the stable operation of the whole system is ensured, and the integrated process of desalting seawater and producing salt by utilizing solar energy can be completely realized.
Example 2:
an operation method of a self-supporting type fresh water and sea salt co-production system by utilizing solar energy comprises the following steps:
when the system starts to operate, the method is that the second stop valve 31 and the third stop valve 32 are both in a closed state, raw seawater is connected into the raw seawater inlet 17 and enters the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 under the condition that the first pressure water pump 1 operates to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the inner sleeve pipeline, the refrigerant is condensed and releases heat in the inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger 2, the heated raw seawater enters the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through the first pipeline 18 and exchanges heat with the exhaust steam in the inner sleeve pipeline again, the raw seawater after secondary temperature rise enters the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through the second pipeline 19 and enters the middle-high temperature focusing solar heater 5 after heat exchange and temperature rise with the high-temperature liquid water in the inner sleeve, the temperature of the raw seawater continues to rise, the second stop valve 31 on the right pipeline is in a closed state in the heating process of the middle-high temperature focusing solar heater 5, and when the raw seawater rises to a certain height, the second stop valve 31 is opened, the medium-high temperature raw material seawater is sent into the flash tank 6, the seawater is flashed into gaseous water and liquid seawater, the gaseous water is sent into the small-sized steam turbine 7 from the top of the flash tank 6 through a pipeline to do work, the generated exhaust steam is sent into an inner sleeve pipeline of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through a pipeline from the bottom of the small-sized evaporator 7 to exchange heat with the raw material seawater in the second sleeve heat exchanger 3, the cooled exhaust steam is sent into the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 through the ninth pipeline 26 to exchange heat again, then is sent into the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 through the eleventh pipeline 30 to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the inner sleeve, the liquid water after temperature reduction is sent into the inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 through the tenth pipeline 27 under the operation of the third pressure water pump 14 to exchange heat with the exhaust steam in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12, and is discharged from the seawater outlet 28 under the state that the third stop valve 32 is opened, the refrigerant in the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 evaporates and absorbs heat, then enters the compressor 15 for compression and working, then enters the inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 for condensation and heat exchange with the raw material seawater outside the pipe, and then flows through the throttle valve 16 and enters the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 again for the next cycle; and in the lower part of the flash tank 6, the liquid seawater which is flashed out is sent into an inner sleeve of a third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through a seventh pipeline 24 under the operation of a second pressurized water pump 9 for heat exchange and temperature reduction, then flows into a salting-out tank 11 through an eighth pipeline 25 under the opening state of a first stop valve 10 for salt precipitation, and after the small-sized steam turbine 7 works, electric energy is transmitted to system components, namely the second pressurized water pump 9, a third pressurized water pump 14, a compressor 15 and the first pressurized water pump 1 through a power transmission line by a generator 8 to meet the self-power consumption, so that the self-power consumption is realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the system starts to operate, the raw material seawater inlet 17 enters the whole operation system, is firstly pressurized by the first pressurizing water pump 1 and then sequentially conveyed to the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 through the pipeline, and then enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater through the third pipeline 20 after the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 and the third sleeve heat exchanger 4, and at the moment, the second stop valve 31 on the fourth pipeline 21 is in a closed state. The medium-high temperature focusing solar heater can efficiently absorb solar energy to enable the heat exchange working medium in the cavity to reach a very high temperature. After raw material seawater enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater from the third pipeline 20 through the third sleeve heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the raw material seawater rises sharply to form gaseous raw material seawater, then the second stop valve 31 is opened, the gaseous seawater enters the flash tank, the flash tank can flash the gaseous seawater into gaseous seawater and liquid pure seawater, and then the gaseous seawater and the liquid pure seawater are respectively output from the top and the bottom of the flash tank, wherein the gaseous seawater is conveyed from the top of the flash tank to the small-sized steam turbine through the fifth pipeline 22 for working, and then the electric quantity generated by the generator is conveyed to the second pressurizing water pump 9, the third pressurizing water pump 14, the compressor 15 and the first pressurizing water pump 1 through the first main trunk line 33 so as to meet the power consumption required by the whole system in operation. In addition, the exhaust steam with higher temperature generated by the small steam turbine during working can be conveyed to the right side of the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 through a sixth pipeline 23, raw seawater in the inner sleeve and in the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 exchanges heat, the raw seawater with certain temperature increased is conveyed into the third sleeve heat exchanger 4 through a second pipeline 19, and the exhaust steam with certain temperature reduced in the inner sleeve enters the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 from the left side opening of the inner sleeve through a ninth pipeline 26. And the exhaust steam which is conveyed from the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 to the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 through the eleventh pipeline 30 absorbs heat of the refrigerant in the inner sleeve of the sleeve heat exchanger to reduce the temperature, is pressurized by the third pressurized water pump 14 through the tenth pipeline 27, enters the inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger 12 to exchange heat again, and the exhaust steam which is reduced to a certain temperature is changed into liquid desalinated seawater and is conveyed out from the lower side port of the inner sleeve through the desalinated seawater outlet 28 under the condition that the third stop valve 32 is opened.
And the concentrated seawater at the bottom of the flash tank is pressurized by a seventh pipeline 24 through a second pressurized water pump 9 and then conveyed to the right side of an inner sleeve of a third sleeve heat exchanger 4, the concentrated seawater in the inner sleeve exchanges heat with the raw seawater in the third sleeve heat exchanger 4, the heated raw seawater is conveyed to a medium-high temperature focusing solar heater through a third pipeline 20, the cooled concentrated seawater is conveyed to a salting-out tank through an eighth pipeline 25 under the condition that a first stop valve 10 is opened, and the sea salt is obtained after processing.
In addition, in a refrigerant circulating pipeline including the first sleeve heat exchanger 2, the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 plays the role of an evaporator in the circulating pipeline, the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in an inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13, then the refrigerant is sent to a compressor by a refrigerant pipeline 29 to be compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the gaseous refrigerant enters the inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 and is condensed with low-temperature raw material seawater in the first sleeve heat exchanger 2 to release heat, the heated raw material seawater is conveyed to the second sleeve heat exchanger 3 by a first pipeline 18, and the heat-released refrigerant enters a throttling valve by the refrigerant pipeline 29 to be throttled and depressurized and then enters the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger 13 to be circulated again.
Claims (3)
1. A self-supporting fresh water sea salt coproduction system utilizing solar energy is characterized in that: the system comprises a first pressure water pump (1), wherein the first pressure water pump (1) is connected with a first sleeve heat exchanger (2), and an inlet of the first pressure water pump (1) is connected with a raw material seawater inlet (17);
the right side port of the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) is connected to the left side port of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through a first pipeline (18);
the right side port of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) is connected to the left side port of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through a second pipeline (19);
the right side port of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) is connected to a medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) through a third pipeline (20);
the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, so that the internal temperature and pressure of the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) can be monitored in real time, and the reasonable operation of the whole operation system can be judged correspondingly; the medium-high temperature focusing type solar heater (5) can focus and utilize solar energy and fully utilize the solar energy to reach high temperature; the right side of the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) is connected into the flash tank (6) through a fourth pipeline (21);
the top opening of the flash tank (6) is connected to a small-sized steam turbine (7) through a fifth pipeline (22);
the right side port of the small-sized steam turbine (7) is connected with the generator (8), the bottom of the small-sized steam turbine (7) is connected to an inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through a sixth pipeline (23), and exhaust steam generated in the operation process of the small-sized steam turbine (7) is timely sent into the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) to carry out corresponding heat exchange;
the refrigerant circulating system where the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) is located is formed by connecting a fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13), a compressor (15) and a throttle valve (16) through a refrigerant pipeline (29); when the whole system operates, the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) plays a role of an evaporator, the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) plays a role of a condenser, a refrigerant absorbs heat in an inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) to evaporate, a gas-liquid mixture is sent into the compressor (15) through the refrigerant pipeline (29), refrigerant steam which is changed into high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant after pressurization and working enters the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) to carry out condensation heat exchange with raw seawater outside the inner sleeve, and the raw seawater is sent into the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) after the effect of heat exchange and temperature rise of low-temperature seawater and refrigerant working medium is achieved; at the moment, refrigerant working medium liquid of which the inner sleeve in the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) is cooled after releasing heat enters a throttling valve (16), is converted into low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant after throttling and pressure reduction, and enters an inner sleeve in the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) for next circulation;
the left side of an inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) is connected to the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) through a ninth pipeline (26), and the right side of the inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) is connected with the small-sized steam turbine (7) through a sixth pipeline (23); when the system operates, dead steam generated by working in the small-sized steam turbine (7) is conveyed into an inner sleeve in the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through a sixth pipeline (23) to exchange heat with raw seawater conveyed in the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) after the temperature is raised to a certain degree, the obtained cooled dead steam is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3), and the gas-liquid mixture is conveyed into the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) from the left side of the inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through a ninth pipeline (26) to exchange heat again;
a right side port of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) is connected into the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) through a third pipeline (20), the right side of an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) is connected with the bottom of the flash tank (6) through a seventh pipeline (24), a second pressure water pump (9) is arranged on the seventh pipeline (24), an eighth pipeline (25) is connected to the left side of the inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4), a first stop valve (10) is arranged on the eighth pipeline (25), and a salting-out pool (11) is arranged at the bottom of an outlet of the eighth pipeline (25); when the whole system operates, seawater with a certain temperature from the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) is sent into a third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through a second pipeline (19) to exchange heat with high-temperature liquid seawater in an inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4), the heated seawater enters a medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) from the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through a third pipeline (20), the temperature of the seawater is rapidly increased in the part, the heated seawater enters a flash tank (6) under the condition that a second stop valve (31) is opened, the flash tank (6) flashes the seawater to form gaseous water and concentrated seawater, the gaseous water is sent to a small-sized steam turbine (7) from a fifth pipeline (22) from a top outlet of the flash tank (6), the concentrated seawater is sent to the inner sleeve of the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through a seventh pipeline (24) and a second pressurizing water pump (9) from the bottom of the flash tank (6), the concentrated seawater is sent to an eighth pressurized water pump (9) under the condition that a first stop valve (10) is opened after heat exchange with the seawater outside the inner sleeve, and is separated into salt through an eighth pipeline (25) and a salting operation pool (11);
the upper side port of the fourth double-pipe heat exchanger (12) is connected with the left side of an inner sleeve in the second double-pipe heat exchanger (3) through a ninth pipeline (26), and the lower side port is connected into the fifth double-pipe heat exchanger (13) through an eleventh pipeline (30);
the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) is connected with a third pressurizing water pump (14) through a tenth pipeline (27) and then is connected to the upper side opening of the inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12); when the whole system operates, the cooled exhaust steam is changed into a gas-liquid mixture in an inner sleeve of the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) and enters the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) for secondary cooling, and the cooled liquid seawater enters the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) through the eleventh pipeline (30) and enters the refrigerant in the inner sleeves of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) for heat exchange and cooling through the tenth pipeline (27) and the third pressurizing water pump (14) and is conveyed to the inner sleeve of the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) for secondary heat exchange and cooling, and then is conveyed out of desalinated seawater through the desalinated seawater outlet (28) connected with the lower side of the inner sleeve in the fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12).
2. The self-contained solar water and sea salt cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the generator (8) is connected with the small-sized steam turbine (7), after power generation, electric quantity is transmitted from the generator (8) to the second trunk line (34) from the first trunk line (33) to be supplied to the second pressure water pump (9) to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the generator, and the electric quantity is transmitted to the third trunk line (35) to be supplied to the compressor (15), and the electric quantity is transmitted to the fourth trunk line (36) to be supplied to the pressure water pump and the third pressure water pump (14) to meet the power consumption required by the operation of the compressor and the pressure water pump; the first main line (33) finally transmits electric quantity to the first pressure water pump (1), the first pressure water pump (1) bears the most electric consumption in the operation of the whole system, the electric quantity for supplying the first pressure water pump (1) is the most, the stable operation of the whole system is ensured, and the integrated process of self-sufficient seawater desalination and salt production by utilizing solar energy can be completely realized.
3. The method of any one of claims 1-2 for operating a self-contained solar water and sea salt cogeneration system, comprising:
when the system starts to operate, the method is that the second stop valve (31) and the third stop valve (32) are both in a closed state, raw material seawater is connected into a raw material seawater inlet (17) and enters the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) to exchange heat with a refrigerant in an inner sleeve pipeline under the condition that the first pressure water pump (1) operates, the refrigerant is condensed in an inner sleeve of the first sleeve heat exchanger (2) to release heat, the heated raw material seawater enters the second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through the first pipeline (18) to exchange heat again with exhaust steam in the inner sleeve pipeline, the secondarily heated raw material seawater enters the third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through the second pipeline (19) to exchange heat with medium-high temperature liquid water in the inner sleeve pipeline and enters the medium-high temperature focusing solar heater (5) to be heated continuously, when raw material seawater enters a middle-high temperature focusing type solar heater (5) for heating, a second stop valve (31) on a right pipeline is in a closed state, when the raw material seawater is heated to a certain height, the second stop valve (31) is opened, the middle-high temperature raw material seawater is fed into a flash tank (6) to be flashed into gaseous water and liquid seawater, the gaseous water is fed into a small-sized steam turbine (7) from the top of the flash tank (6) through a pipeline to do work, generated exhaust steam is fed into an inner sleeve pipeline of a second sleeve heat exchanger (3) through a pipeline from the bottom of the small-sized steam turbine (7) to exchange heat with the raw material seawater in the second sleeve heat exchanger (3), and the cooled exhaust steam is fed into a fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) through a ninth pipeline (26) to be exchanged again Heat is transferred into a refrigerant in a fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) and an inner sleeve through an eleventh pipeline (30), the refrigerant exchanges heat, liquid water after temperature reduction is transferred into the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) and exhausted steam in a fourth sleeve heat exchanger (12) through a tenth pipeline (27) under the operation of a third pressurizing water pump (14), desalted seawater is discharged from a desalted seawater outlet (28) under the state that a third stop valve (32) is opened, the refrigerant in the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) enters a compressor (15) after evaporation and heat absorption to be compressed and worked, enters an inner sleeve of a first sleeve heat exchanger (2) and seawater as a raw material outside the pipe to be condensed and exchanged heat, and then flows through a throttle valve (16) to enter the inner sleeve of the fifth sleeve heat exchanger (13) again to carry out next circulation; and in the lower part of the flash tank (6), the liquid seawater which is flashed out is sent into an inner sleeve of a third sleeve heat exchanger (4) through a seventh pipeline (24) under the operation of a second pressurized water pump (9) for heat exchange and temperature reduction, then flows into a salting-out tank (11) through an eighth pipeline (25) in the opening state of a first stop valve (10) for salt precipitation, and after a small-sized steam turbine (7) does work, electric energy is transmitted to system components, namely the second pressurized water pump (9), a third pressurized water pump (14), a compressor (15) and a first pressurized water pump (1), through a power transmission line by a generator (8), so that the self-electricity consumption is met, and the self-sufficiency purpose is realized.
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| CN106915789B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2020-10-20 | 南京航空航天大学 | Solar photo-thermal water and electricity cogeneration system and working method thereof |
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