CN113752560A - 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on main stress trajectory line - Google Patents
3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on main stress trajectory line Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planning a 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced path based on a main stress trajectory line, which draws the main stress trajectory line through the main stress direction of each node in a design domain of a part to be printed and plans to form a continuous fiber reinforced path according to the main stress trajectory line in the part, so that the distribution and the trend of continuous fibers are optimal, the continuous fibers are ensured to be always in an axial stress state, and the mechanical property of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is improved to the maximum extent. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of better conformity to stress distribution, exertion of tensile property of the fiber, improvement of structural efficiency, accurate control of volume fraction of the continuous fiber, popularization and application and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on a main stress trajectory line.
Background
With the development of additive manufacturing from manufacturing geometric prototypes to manufacturing industrial application parts, the emphasis on additive manufacturing parts is not only on geometric accuracy, but also further up to the performance of printed parts. The fiber reinforced composite material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, medical treatment and the like due to excellent specific strength, specific rigidity, corrosion resistance and the like. However, the conventional continuous fiber composite material has complicated molding and manufacturing process, high manufacturing cost and difficulty in molding parts with complicated geometry. The 3D printing technology subverts the traditional fiber reinforced composite material manufacturing mode, the technological process does not depend on a mould, the manufacturing cost of the composite material component is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the integrated rapid manufacturing of complex materials, complex structures and complex-shaped parts can be realized. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most typical additive manufacturing technologies, and 3D printing of FDM-based continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites has been rapidly developed in recent years due to high flexibility (flexible extrusion of pure polymers or continuous fiber composites) and controllability (controllable continuous fiber laying position and direction). However, due to the significant anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the continuous fibers (the mechanical properties of the composite material are optimal when the continuous fibers are parallel to the load direction), the laying position and direction of the continuous fibers have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the part. At present, researches on 3D printing continuous fiber reinforcing paths mainly focus on uniformly distributed designs such as straight lines, zigzag patterns, triangular meshes and honeycombs, the load conditions of parts are not considered, and the fibers in the parts cannot exert the optimal mechanical properties due to unreasonable reinforcing positions and directions of the continuous fibers.
In the prior art, the metallurgical guang of northwest industry university discloses a continuous fiber reinforced 3D printing path planning method considering strength in chinese patent 202011462145.5, and proposes a stress curve fitting by combining the stress value and the stress direction of a to-be-printed piece in the process of mechanical analysis, so as to plan a continuous fiber reinforced path. However, a stress curve formed by fitting the stress value and the stress direction does not have clear mechanical semantics, and the direction of the continuous fiber planned according to the stress curve cannot be guaranteed to be parallel to the load direction, so that the continuous fiber reinforced path planned based on the method is not optimal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for planning a 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path based on a main stress trajectory.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
A3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on a main stress path line is characterized in that the main stress path line is drawn according to the main stress direction of each node in a design domain of a part to be printed, and a continuous fiber reinforced path is planned according to the main stress path line in the part, so that the distribution and the trend of continuous fibers are optimal, the continuous fibers are always in an axial stress state, and the mechanical property of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is improved to the maximum extent.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) determining a target volume fraction V of continuous fibers to be added to a part to be printedFrefAnd setting the number N of initial interpolation points0；
2) Establishing a finite element analysis model according to the load and constraint conditions of the part under the actual working condition, and extracting the main stress direction information of each node in the design domain according to the finite element analysis result;
3) drawing and generating a main stress trajectory line according to the number N of interpolation points in the design domain and the extracted main stress direction information of the nodes;
4) according to the generated drawn main stress trajectory line meeting the target volume fraction, the maximum main stress trajectory line and the minimum main stress trajectory line are respectively connected into one or more continuous paths, namely continuous fiber reinforced paths, so that the continuity in the fiber printing process is increased to the maximum extent, and 3D printing is performed according to the continuous fiber reinforced paths.
In the step 1), the target volume fraction of the continuous fibers to be added is determined according to the requirements of light weight, mechanical property and structural efficiency of the parts to be printed.
In the step 2), for the two-dimensional plane design domain, each node is respectively extractedComponent σ in the two principal stress directions X and YxAnd σYFor a three-dimensional design domain, the components σ of each node in the three principal stress directions X, Y and the Z direction are extracted separatelyx、σYAnd σZ。
In the step 3), the volume fraction V of the continuous fibers is adjusted by adjusting the number N of the interpolation pointsFAchieving a continuous fiber target volume fraction VFref。
In the step 3), the volume fraction V of the continuous fibersFThe calculation formula of (A) is as follows:
VF＝VCF/V＝πr2∑Li/V
wherein, VCFThe volume of all the continuous fibers added to the interior of the part to be printed, V the total volume of the part to be printed, r the cross-sectional radius of the continuous fibers, Sigma LiThe total length of the continuous fiber is shown in relation to the number of interpolation points N.
In the step 3), if the current continuous fiber volume fraction is smaller than the target volume fraction, the density of the main stress trajectory line is increased by increasing the number N of interpolation points, and if the current continuous fiber volume fraction is larger than the target volume fraction, the density of the main stress trajectory line is decreased by decreasing the number N of interpolation points, so that iterative calculation is performed until the set target continuous fiber volume fraction is reached, and the controllable continuous fiber volume fraction enhanced inside the part is realized.
In the step 3), a pair of orthogonal curves is generated according to the magnitude and direction of the main stress of each node in the part design domain, the tangential direction of each point on the curve is the main stress direction of the node, and the pair of orthogonal curves is the main stress trajectory line.
The method is applied to 3D printing of FDM-based continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite materials.
In the step 4), for the two-dimensional plane design domain, the two main stress trajectory lines respectively represent a main tensile stress trajectory line and a main compressive stress trajectory line, and the main tensile stress trajectory line and the main compressive stress trajectory line are respectively connected to form two continuous paths so as to increase the continuity in the fiber printing process to the maximum extent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method for planning the 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path based on the main stress trajectory line considers the load of a part under the actual working condition, and compared with the existing uniform periodic reinforced path, the method is more in accordance with stress distribution, can better exert the tensile property of the fiber, and further improves the structural efficiency.
The continuous fiber volume fraction calculating method provided by the invention can accurately control the volume fraction of the continuous fibers to be added by adjusting the density of the main stress trajectory line according to the design requirements of the part, thereby realizing the performance customization of the continuous fiber composite material part.
The 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method provided by the invention can be expanded to the application of other physical fields, for example, the electromagnetic shielding and temperature gradient distribution performance of a structural member can be optimized by planning the path of the continuous carbon fiber by utilizing the conductive heat transfer characteristic of the continuous carbon fiber.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general technical roadmap of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the stress condition of the three-point bending test sample.
Fig. 3 is a finite element stress cloud for a three-point bend sample.
Fig. 4 shows the main stress trajectory of the three-point bending test piece when the number of interpolation points N is 500.
Fig. 5 shows the main stress trajectory of the three-point bending test piece when the number of interpolation points N is 200.
Fig. 6 is two consecutive main stress traces of a three-point bend specimen.
FIG. 7 is a three point bend specimen continuous fiber reinforcement path plan based on the principal stress trajectory.
Fig. 8 is a 3D printed three point bend specimen of continuous carbon fiber based on the principal stress trajectory.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on a main stress trajectory line, which enables the arrangement position and the trend of continuous fibers and a pair of orthogonal main stress trajectory lines under the actual working condition load of a part to keep mapping, can ensure that the continuous fibers are always in an axial stress state, and improves the mechanical property of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material to the maximum extent, and comprises the following general steps:
1) setting the target volume fraction of continuous fibers required to be added by the part according to the requirements of light weight, mechanical property, structural efficiency and the like of the part, and adjusting the density of the main stress trajectory line through the number of interpolation points in the design domain of the part so as to realize controllable volume fraction of the continuous fibers;
2) carrying out finite element analysis according to the load and constraint conditions of the part under the actual working condition, and extracting the main stress direction information of the node according to the analysis result;
3) drawing and generating a main stress trajectory line according to the number of interpolation points in the part design domain and the extracted main stress direction information of the nodes, and further continuously processing the main stress trajectory line;
4) and finishing the planning and design of the continuous fiber reinforced path according to the processed continuous main stress trajectory line.
Examples
Similar to magnetic field lines describing magnetic field distribution, force flow lines are formed inside the part under actual working condition load, and the force transfer paths in the part structure can be reflected to a certain extent. For a plane design domain, knowing the load and constraint conditions, the magnitude and direction of the principal stress of any point in the design domain can be obtained, and a pair of orthogonal curves is generated in the plane, so that the tangential direction of any point on the curve is the principal stress direction of the point, and the pair of force flow lines is the principal stress trajectory line. Since the principal stress trajectory is generated by the principal stress direction plot of the node, any unit cross section on the structure disposed along the principal stress trajectory is subjected to only axial forces, and no shear forces. In addition, the distribution of the main stress trajectory is independent of the magnitude of the load, the material type of the part, and is mainly affected by the load and the constraint. The invention provides a method for planning a 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced path based on a main stress trajectory line, which is characterized in that the main stress trajectory line is drawn through the main stress direction of a node, and then the continuous fiber reinforced path is planned according to the main stress trajectory line in a part, so that the distribution and the trend of continuous fibers are optimal, the continuous fibers are always in an axial stress state, the mechanical property of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is improved to the maximum extent, and the overall scheme is shown in figure 1.
The specific steps of the invention are introduced as follows:
(1) setting the target volume fraction V of continuous fibers to be added to the part according to the requirements of light weight, mechanical property, structural efficiency and the like of the partFrefFurther based on the target volume fraction V of the continuous fibersFrefSetting interpolation points with the number of N in a part design domain, and adjusting the density of the main stress trajectory line through the number of the interpolation points N so as to adjust the volume fraction V of the continuous fibersF；
(2) Establishing a finite element analysis model according to the load and constraint conditions of the part under actual working conditions, extracting the main stress direction information of the node according to the finite element analysis result, and specifically, extracting the components sigma of the X direction and the Y direction of two main stress directions respectively for a two-dimensional plane design domainxAnd σYFor three-dimensional design domain, X, Y components of three principal stress directions and component σ in Z direction need to be extracted respectivelyx、σYAnd σZ；
(3) And drawing and generating a main stress trajectory line according to the number N of interpolation points in the part design domain and the extracted main stress direction information of the nodes. Further, the volume fraction V of the continuous fibers is calculatedFSpecifically, the method comprises the following steps: vF＝VCF/V＝πr2∑LiV, wherein VCFRepresents the volume of all the continuous fibers added inside the part, V represents the volume of the part, r represents the cross-sectional radius of the continuous fibers, Sigma LiIndicating the total length of the continuous fiber. If the volume fraction is less than the target value, the density of the main stress track line needs to be increased by increasing the number N of the interpolation points, if the volume fraction is greater than the target value, the density of the main stress track line needs to be decreased by decreasing the number N of the interpolation points, and the iterative calculation is carried out until the set value is reachedThe volume fraction of the continuous fiber target is controlled, so that the volume fraction of the reinforced continuous fiber inside the part is controllable;
(4) respectively connecting the maximum main stress trajectory line and the minimum main stress trajectory line into one or more continuous paths based on the generated drawn main stress trajectory line meeting the target volume fraction so as to increase the continuity in the fiber printing process to the maximum extent, and finally carrying out continuous fiber reinforced path planning design based on the processed continuous main stress trajectory line.
In this embodiment, a three-point bending test specimen is taken as an example, and the load condition of three-point bending is shown in fig. 2. And carrying out continuous carbon fiber reinforced path planning design on the three-point bending sample based on the main stress trajectory line so as to improve the mechanical properties of the sample, such as strength, rigidity and the like. The volume fraction of the continuous carbon fiber of the target was set to 10%.
1) Setting the target volume fraction V of the added continuous carbon fibers according to the design requirement of the mechanical property of the three-point bending sampleFref10%. Further setting an initial number N of interpolation points in the three-point bending sample plane design domain0500, at which the number of interpolation points N will be subsequently0On the basis of the fiber, the density of the main stress track line is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the N value, and the volume fraction V of the continuous fiber is further adjustedF；
2) And (3) establishing a finite element analysis model according to the load and the constraint condition of the part under the actual working condition and analyzing, wherein a stress cloud chart of the finite element analysis is shown in figure 3. Further, respectively extracting the components sigma of the two main stress directions of all nodes in the plane design domain in the X direction and the Y direction according to the finite element analysis resultxAnd σY；
3) And respectively drawing and generating main stress trajectory lines according to the number N of the interpolation points of the three-point bending sample being 500 and the two extracted main stress directions of the nodes, wherein the two main stress trajectory lines in the design domain can respectively represent a main tensile stress trajectory line and a main compressive stress trajectory line, as shown in FIG. 4.
Further, a formula is calculated according to the volume fraction of the continuous carbon fiber: vF＝VCF/V＝πr2∑LiV, wherein VCFRepresents the volume of all the continuous carbon fibers added inside the part, V represents the volume of the part, r represents the section radius of the continuous carbon fibers, Sigma LiThe total length of the continuous carbon fiber is indicated. In this embodiment, it is calculated that the volume fraction of the continuous carbon fibers in the three-point bending test piece is greater than the target value of 10%, and therefore, it is necessary to reduce the number N of interpolation points to reduce the density of the main stress trajectory line, and finally, when the number N of interpolation points is 200, the volume fraction of the continuous carbon fibers in the three-point bending test piece reaches the set target value of 10%, and the generated main stress trajectory line is plotted as shown in fig. 5.
4) Based on the generated drawn main stress trajectory line satisfying the target volume fraction, the main tensile stress trajectory line and the main compressive stress trajectory line in the design domain are respectively connected into two continuous paths to increase the continuity in the fiber printing process to the maximum extent, as shown in fig. 6.
Further, a continuous carbon fiber reinforced path planning design is carried out based on the processed continuous main stress trajectory, continuous carbon fibers and a matrix polymer material are respectively printed in an overlapped and alternate mode layer by layer, and the continuous fiber reinforced path of the three-point bending test sample is shown in fig. 7. Based on two shower nozzles continuous carbon fiber composite 3D printer, will plan the continuous fiber reinforcement route and generate G code and carry out 3D and print, the sample piece is as shown in figure 8, through mechanical test contrast, compares traditional even continuous fiber reinforcement route, and the mechanical properties of the continuous fiber reinforcement route sample based on principal stress trajectory is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method provided by the invention realizes the optimal design of the continuous fiber reinforced path under the actual working condition load of the part, greatly improves the reinforcing effect of the continuous fiber, and even if the continuous fiber reinforced paths of the same geometric part are different under different working conditions. Meanwhile, the controllable volume fraction of the continuous fibers is realized by adjusting the density of the main stress trajectory line, and the structural efficiency of the fiber composite material part is greatly improved.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning method based on a main stress path line is characterized in that the method draws the main stress path line through the main stress direction of each node in a design domain of a part to be printed, and forms a continuous fiber reinforced path according to the planning of the main stress path line in the part, so that the distribution and the trend of continuous fibers are optimal, the continuous fibers are ensured to be always in an axial stress state, and the mechanical property of a continuous fiber reinforced composite material is improved to the maximum extent.
2. The method for 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path planning based on the main stress trajectory line according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) determining a target volume fraction V of continuous fibers to be added to a part to be printedFrefAnd setting the number N of initial interpolation points0；
2) Establishing a finite element analysis model according to the load and constraint conditions of the part under the actual working condition, and extracting the main stress direction information of each node in the design domain according to the finite element analysis result;
3) drawing and generating a main stress trajectory line according to the number N of interpolation points in the design domain and the extracted main stress direction information of the nodes;
4) according to the generated drawn main stress trajectory line meeting the target volume fraction, the maximum main stress trajectory line and the minimum main stress trajectory line are respectively connected into one or more continuous paths, namely continuous fiber reinforced paths, so that the continuity in the fiber printing process is increased to the maximum extent, and 3D printing is performed according to the continuous fiber reinforced paths.
3. The method for planning the 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced path based on the main stress trajectory line according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), the target volume fraction of the continuous fiber to be added is determined according to the requirements of light weight, mechanical property and structural efficiency of the part to be printed.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises a 3D printing of a continuous fiber-reinforced path based on a principal stress trajectoryIn the step 2), for the two-dimensional plane design domain, the components σ of each node in the two principal stress directions X and Y are respectively extractedxAnd σYFor a three-dimensional design domain, the components σ of each node in the three principal stress directions X, Y and the Z direction are extracted separatelyx、σYAnd σZ。
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the continuous fiber volume fraction V is obtained by adjusting the number N of interpolation points in step 3)FAchieving a continuous fiber target volume fraction VFref。
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the volume fraction V of the continuous fiber in step 3) isFThe calculation formula of (A) is as follows:
VF＝VCF/V＝πr2∑Li/V
wherein, VCFThe volume of all the continuous fibers added to the interior of the part to be printed, V the total volume of the part to be printed, r the cross-sectional radius of the continuous fibers, Sigma LiThe total length of the continuous fiber is shown in relation to the number of interpolation points N.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 3), if the current volume fraction of the continuous fiber is smaller than the target volume fraction, the density of the main stress trajectory is increased by increasing the number N of interpolation points, and if the current volume fraction of the continuous fiber is larger than the target volume fraction, the density of the main stress trajectory is decreased by decreasing the number N of interpolation points, so as to perform iterative computation until the set target volume fraction of the continuous fiber is reached, thereby achieving controllable volume fraction of the continuous fiber for internal reinforcement of the part.
8. The method for planning the 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced path based on the main stress trajectory line according to claim 2, wherein in the step 3), a pair of orthogonal curves is generated according to the magnitude and direction of the main stress of each node in the part design domain, and the tangential direction of each point on the curve is the main stress direction of the node, and the pair of orthogonal curves is the main stress trajectory line.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is applied to 3D printing of FDM-based continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material.
10. The method for planning the 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced path based on the main stress trajectory according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4), for the two-dimensional plane design domain, two main stress trajectories respectively represent a main tensile stress trajectory and a main compressive stress trajectory, and the main tensile stress trajectory and the main compressive stress trajectory are respectively connected to form two continuous paths, so as to increase the continuity of the fiber printing process to the maximum extent.
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Application publication date: 20211207 |