CN113751661A - Forging forming method of wingspan stern bearing shell - Google Patents
Forging forming method of wingspan stern bearing shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751661A CN113751661A CN202110974951.9A CN202110974951A CN113751661A CN 113751661 A CN113751661 A CN 113751661A CN 202110974951 A CN202110974951 A CN 202110974951A CN 113751661 A CN113751661 A CN 113751661A
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- blank
- opening
- forging
- hexagonal
- bearing shell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/26—Making machine elements housings or supporting parts, e.g. axle housings, engine mountings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging forming method of a wingspan special-shaped stern bearing shell, which solves the problems of long production period, large material consumption and poor quality of the conventional special-shaped bearing shell. In the step of drawing and forming, a drawing mandrel is matched with a flat anvil to draw and grow the oval hollow blank into a scalene hexagon blank; respectively marking flanges at two ends of the scalene hexagonal blank by using marking anvils, continuously drawing the drawing mandrel and the flat anvil along the axial direction to open the six sides, and then pressing the flanges from a hexagon to a circle; forming the opening thickness by a V-shaped anvil, finishing the thickness direction to the process size, then finishing the opening width direction to the process size by a flat anvil, and finally finishing the diameters of the flanges at two ends to the process size by the flat anvil. The method has the advantages of simple process, good adaptability, capability of forging the span-wise opening of the special-shaped stern bearing shell, short processing period and good forging quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a forging forming method, in particular to a forging forming method of a wingspan special-shaped stern bearing shell.
Background
The water lubricated bearing assembly for certain type of ships is round, namely a stern tube of a common type is usually reserved and then welded on a ship, welding deformation is large, and workload is large in the welding process of the ship. After welding, the center needs to be found, the tail pipe is installed to process boring, the boring process is long in time and high in cost, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. Severely restricting the progress and technical development of shipbuilding.
Now, the wingspan flange installation which is common to be a casting can be finished in a processing plant by precision machining without welding. However, because the defects of the castings are more, the alloy steel is easy to generate inclusion and a large amount of dense defects, and the quality is seriously influenced. In order to avoid the quality problem of castings, forgings are adopted.
However, practical researches find that the special-shaped bearing shell is of a wingspan structure with flange ends at two ends and an irregular opening cross section, and a conventional forging can only pack wingspan special-shaped opening into a large cylinder, so that the later-stage opening processing amount is very large, the maximum single-side processing amount is 240mm, and the quality of the opening is poorer than that of other parts due to the large processing amount, so that the service life of the product is seriously influenced. The forming method of opening forging is about one month shorter than the processing time of wrapping a large cylinder, so the forging method of wrapping opening seriously affects the production cycle of products.
Therefore, through researching the forging technology of the special-shaped bearing shell, the forging forming method is optimized, the subsequent machining allowance is greatly reduced, the material utilization rate is improved, the wingspan type opening of the special-shaped bearing shell is forged, and the quality of the opening is improved, which is the development trend of manufacturing the special-shaped bearing shell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a forging forming method which is simple in process method, good in adaptability, capable of forging the wing-span type opening of the special-shaped stern bearing shell, short in processing period and good in forging quality.
The technical proposal is that the steel ingot is drawn to be an elliptical blank, and then the steel ingot is formed by blank upsetting, punching and drawing,
wherein in the step of drawing out and shaping,
firstly), heating and preserving heat of an oval hollow part obtained after punching, discharging, and drawing a drawing mandrel and a flat anvil to obtain a scalene hexagonal blank; the long axis of the oval blank is used for forging the transverse radial length of the scalene hexagon; the cross section of the hexagonal blank is a hexagon with the transverse diameter length larger than the longitudinal diameter length;
secondly), respectively marking flanges on two ends of the inequilateral hexagonal blank by using marking anvils; continuously drawing out six aspects of opening the gear along the axial direction by using a drawing core rod and a flat anvil, and pressing the diameters of the flanges at two ends from hexagon to circle by using the flat anvil when the distance between each opposite surface of the opening gear is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size; when the diameter of the flange is pressed to be 40-60mm of allowance away from the process size, stopping the return heating and heat preservation of the forged blank;
thirdly), the blank is heated and insulated, then a V-shaped anvil is used for forming the opening thickness, the opening thickness direction is finished to the process size, then a flat anvil is changed for finishing the opening width direction to the process size, and finally the flat anvil is used for finishing the diameters of the flanges at the two ends to the process size.
The major axis of the punched elliptic hollow part is controlled to be 200-300mm longer than the minor axis.
In the step one), the hexagonal section of the obtained hexagonal blank has the characteristics that the upper and lower pairs of adjacent edges are equal and symmetrical, the left and right opposite edges are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower pairs of adjacent edges are unequal to the left and right opposite edges.
In the step one), in the inequilateral hexagonal blank obtained after drawing, the transverse diameter length of the inequilateral hexagonal blank is 200-300mm larger than the longitudinal diameter.
The heating and heat preservation temperature in the first step) and the second step) is 1250 +/-20 ℃.
In the second step), only upper and lower pairs of adjacent and equal four surfaces are printed, the printing depth is 120-150 mm, and the left and right opposite surfaces are not printed.
In the second step), before number printing, the scalene hexagonal blank is vertically placed, the end faces at two ends are flattened, and in the whole drawing process, if the end faces are inclined, the end faces are flattened according to the method.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the inventor improves the forging method, firstly, a drawing mandrel is matched with a flat anvil to draw the oval hollow part into a hexagonal blank, the cross section of the hexagonal blank is in a hexahedral shape with the transverse diameter length larger than the longitudinal diameter length, the long axis of the oval hollow blank is used for forging the transverse diameter length of the scalene hexagon, and the short axis of the oval hollow blank is used for forging the longitudinal diameter length of the scalene hexagon. Creating conditions for subsequent further forging through preliminary drawing, preferably, controlling the transverse diameter length of the scalene hexagonal body to be 200-300mm larger than the longitudinal diameter so as to meet the requirement of the wing-spreading type open-shelves irregular shape; furthermore, the opening after the flange is printed is divided into two steps, a drawing mandrel is matched with a flat anvil to continue drawing and opening the six aspects of the opening along the axial direction, when the radial length of each opening surface is drawn to be a margin of 40-60mm away from the process dimension, the design margin is a certain forming amount which is considered to be reserved, an upper V-shaped anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil are adopted to integrally finish and form the opening in the thickness direction at one time, and the dimension in the thickness direction is closer to the requirement of the design dimension than that of the forging of the sub-anvil. The excessive allowance can cause that one anvil can not be pressed in place, and the V-shaped anvil can cause uneven material feeding of the other two opposite surfaces of the opening in the thickness direction after being formed for many times. If the margin is too small, the finishing formation is not performed. Therefore, after the flat anvil is used for primary opening and flange extrusion, the upper V-shaped anvil and the lower V-shaped anvil are used for finishing the opening thickness direction to the process size, and then the flat anvil is replaced for finishing the opening width direction to the process size. And finishing the opening to form the diameters of the flanges at the two ends by using a flat anvil. After the flange is printed in the forging process, the opening is pressed firstly each time, and the forging sequence of the flange is pressed again because the opening is in an irregular shape, the opening is pressed firstly to cause different degrees of drawing and shrinking on the diameter of the flange, and after the opening is pressed, the flange is forged and trimmed according to the drawing and shrinking condition. By adopting the operation sequence, the material feeding uniformity of each surface of the opening gear can be ensured, the size of each direction of the opening gear can be accurately controlled, and the problem that the flanges at two ends are locally reduced is avoided. And the full-size control of the special-shaped stern bearing shell is realized.
The method has simple process, effectively ensures that the irregular opening size of the special-shaped bearing shell is closer to the design appearance, greatly improves the opening quality, saves a large amount of raw materials, and greatly shortens the subsequent machining period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spanwise stern bearing housing forging;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an elliptical drawn blank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elliptical hollow blank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a inequilateral hexagonal blank number stamp;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the open thickness finish formed with a V-anvil.
Wherein, 1-inner hole, 2-flange, 3-opening, 4-ellipse blank, 5-ellipse hollow blank, 6-number stamp, 7-V type anvil, 8-hexagon blank, 9-long edge and 10-short edge.
Detailed Description
The process of the invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method comprises drawing out steel ingot to obtain elliptical blank 4, upsetting, punching, drawing out, and processing by the following steps
1) Making an oval hollow blank: and (2) fully preserving the temperature of the steel ingot at 1250 +/-20 ℃, discharging the steel ingot, upsetting the steel ingot, drawing out the upset steel ingot to obtain an oval blank 4 (shown in figure 2), upsetting the oval blank 4, punching, finishing the blank to obtain an oval hollow blank 5 (shown in figure 3), wherein the major axis of the oval hollow blank 5 is 200-300mm longer than the minor axis.
2) Referring to fig. 4, the oval hollow blank 5 is taken out of the furnace after being fully insulated at 1250 +/-20 ℃, a drawing mandrel is adopted to be matched with a flat anvil to be drawn into a scalene hexagonal blank 8, and the long axis of the oval hollow blank is used for forging the transverse radial length of the scalene hexagonal blank.
The hexagonal section of the obtained non-equilateral hexagonal blank 8 has the characteristics that the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, the left and right pairs of opposite sides are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are not equal to the left and right pairs of opposite sides. In this embodiment, two pairs of adjacent upper and lower sides are longer and called long sides 9, and two pairs of opposite left and right sides are shorter and called short sides 10. In the hexagonal blank obtained by drawing, L1 is the distance between two opposing short sides (referred to as the lateral length); l2 is the distance between two opposing long sides (called longitudinal diameter length), L1 should be 200-300mm larger than L2.
3) As shown in fig. 4, before number printing, the scalene hexagonal blank is erected to level the end faces so that the two end faces are kept flat, then only upper and lower pairs of four adjacent and equal faces (i.e. the faces corresponding to the long edges 9) are number-printed, the depth of the number printing 6 is 120-150 mm, and the left and right pairs of opposite faces are not number-printed; after the flanges 2 at two ends are printed, the drawing core rod is matched with the flat anvil to continue drawing the opening 3, the drawing is still carried out according to the hexagonal surface, in order to ensure that the material feeding in all directions of the opening 3 is uniform, the inner hole 1 is kept circular, and the pressing amounts of three opposite surfaces are kept consistent during the drawing of the hexagonal surface. When the opening of each surface is pulled out to be a margin of 40-60mm from the process dimension, the diameter of the flanges 2 at the two ends is pressed by a flat anvil, the diameter of the flanges 2 at the two ends is pressed from hexagon to circle, and when the diameter of the flanges is pressed to be a margin of 40-60mm from the process dimension, the forging blank is stopped to be heated and insulated;
4) referring to fig. 5, the blank is fully insulated at 1250 +/-20 ℃ and then discharged, a V-shaped anvil 7 is used for forming and opening, the thickness direction of the opening 3 is once finished to the process size, then a flattening anvil is used for finishing the width direction of the opening 3 to the process size, and finally a flattening anvil is used for finishing the diameters of the flanges 2 at two ends to the process size.
The invention adopts a drawing core rod to draw an oval hollow blank into a scalene hexagon, and then draws the span type opening according to the hexagonal surface of a special structure for forming. For special-shaped bearing shells with different specifications, the forging size of the blank is only required to be adjusted, and the drawing and forming of drawing and forming core rods with different specifications are adopted. The method can ensure that the irregular opening size of the special-shaped bearing shell is closer to the design appearance, greatly improves the opening quality, saves a large amount of raw materials, and greatly shortens the subsequent machining period.
Claims (6)
1. A forging method for the bearing shell of special-shaped stern features that the steel ingot is drawn to become elliptical blank, which is then upset, punched and drawn to become a finished product,
wherein in the step of drawing out and shaping,
firstly), heating and insulating the oval hollow blank obtained after punching, discharging the blank out of a furnace, and drawing the oval hollow blank into a scalene hexagonal blank by using a drawing mandrel and a flat anvil; the long axis of the oval blank is used for forging the transverse radial length of the scalene hexagon; the cross section of the hexagonal blank is a hexagon with the transverse diameter length larger than the longitudinal diameter length.
Secondly), respectively marking flanges on two ends of the inequilateral hexagonal blank by using marking anvils; continuously drawing out six aspects of the opening gear along the axial direction by using a drawing core rod and a flat anvil, and pressing the diameters of the flanges at two ends from hexagon to circle by using the flat anvil when the distance between each opposite surface of the opening gear is pressed to the allowance of 40-60mm from the process size; when the diameter of the flange is pressed to be 40-60mm of allowance away from the process size, stopping the return heating and heat preservation of the forged blank;
thirdly), the blank is heated and insulated, then the V-shaped anvil is used for forming the opening thickness, the opening thickness direction is finished to the process size, then the flat anvil is changed for finishing the opening width direction to the process size, and finally the flat anvil is used for finishing the diameters of the flanges at the two ends to the process size.
2. The forging method for the spanwise profiled stern bearing housing according to claim 1, wherein the major axis of the punched oval hollow member is controlled to be 200 mm and 300mm longer than the minor axis.
3. The forging method for forming a spanwise profiled stern bearing shell according to claim 1, wherein in the first step), the hexagonal cross section of the obtained hexagonal blank has the characteristics that the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, the left and right pairs of adjacent sides are equal and symmetrical, and the upper and lower pairs of adjacent sides are not equal to the left and right pairs of adjacent sides.
4. The forging forming method for the spanwise special-shaped stern bearing shell according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the step one), the length of the transverse diameter of the scalene hexagonal blank is 200-300mm larger than the length of the longitudinal diameter of the scalene hexagonal blank obtained after drawing.
5. The forging method for spanwise profiled stern bearing shells according to claim 1, wherein in step two), only four faces corresponding to the upper and lower pairs of adjacent and equal sides of the inequilateral hexagonal blank are marked, and the left and right pairs of opposite faces are not marked.
6. The forging method for the spanwise profiled stern bearing shell according to claim 1 or 5, wherein in step two), the depth of the mark is 120 to 150 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110974951.9A CN113751661B (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110974951.9A CN113751661B (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | Forging forming method of wingspan type stern bearing shell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113751661A true CN113751661A (en) | 2021-12-07 |
| CN113751661B CN113751661B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1505651A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-09-07 | Научно-Производственное Объединение По Технологии Машиностроения "Цниитмаш" | Method of producing hollow stepped forgings |
| JP2002096135A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Forging metal mold and forging unit |
| CN101195145A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
| CN101862803A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-20 | 上海桦厦实业有限公司 | Diamond opening anvil for shaft alloy steel ingot and forging method thereof |
| CN102658350A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-09-12 | 成都川康铸锻有限责任公司 | Forging process for slurry pump air chamber shell |
| CN204554139U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-12 | 昆山市建新锻压有限公司 | Four-way junction of casing forging blank |
| CN110090914A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-06 | 上海新闵（东台）重型锻造有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel shell flange nozzle belt solid forging shaping method |
| CN211708012U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-10-20 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Combined accessory for reaming large-inner-diameter hollow flange shaft forgings |
-
2021
- 2021-08-24 CN CN202110974951.9A patent/CN113751661B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1505651A1 (en) * | 1987-09-09 | 1989-09-07 | Научно-Производственное Объединение По Технологии Машиностроения "Цниитмаш" | Method of producing hollow stepped forgings |
| JP2002096135A (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-02 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Forging metal mold and forging unit |
| CN101195145A (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2008-06-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Large-scale crankshaft crank bend forging for boat final finishing device and used method thereof |
| CN101862803A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-10-20 | 上海桦厦实业有限公司 | Diamond opening anvil for shaft alloy steel ingot and forging method thereof |
| CN102658350A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-09-12 | 成都川康铸锻有限责任公司 | Forging process for slurry pump air chamber shell |
| CN204554139U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-12 | 昆山市建新锻压有限公司 | Four-way junction of casing forging blank |
| CN110090914A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-08-06 | 上海新闵（东台）重型锻造有限公司 | Reactor pressure vessel shell flange nozzle belt solid forging shaping method |
| CN211708012U (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-10-20 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Combined accessory for reaming large-inner-diameter hollow flange shaft forgings |
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| CN113751661B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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