CN113751008A - Carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113751008A CN113751008A CN202010503592.4A CN202010503592A CN113751008A CN 113751008 A CN113751008 A CN 113751008A CN 202010503592 A CN202010503592 A CN 202010503592A CN 113751008 A CN113751008 A CN 113751008A
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- carbon
- nickel
- nanocomposite
- acid
- metal
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 organic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 210000000633 nuclear envelope Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTOPPVCNTXIWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol;nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O.OC1CCCCC1 VTOPPVCNTXIWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001420 photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002186 photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P20/30—Improvements relating to adipic acid or caprolactam production
Abstract
The invention provides a carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, comprising the step of adopting a nano composite material containing the carbon-coated nickel oxideA method for catalytically decomposing nitrous oxide with a material-containing catalyst. The nano composite material comprises a core film structure with an outer film and an inner core, wherein the outer film is a graphitized carbon film, the inner core comprises nickel oxide nano particles, the nano composite material also comprises a second metal, the second metal is alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, and the molar ratio of the second metal to nickel is 0.01-0.3. The invention can be embodied as further improved catalytic activity when the nano composite material doped with alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal is used for catalyzing the decomposition reaction of the nitrous oxide, and is beneficial to solving the problem of high concentration N generated in the production processes of adipic acid plants, nitric acid plants and the like2The elimination of O has good industrial application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The transition metal oxide has excellent catalytic performance and electromagnetic performance, is a research hotspot in the field of inorganic materials, and has wide application in energy storage materials, catalytic materials, magnetic recording materials and biological medicines. The carbon material has good conductivity, good chemical/electrochemical stability and high structural strength. The nano particles of active metal or metal oxide are coated by carbon material, which can effectively improve the conductivity and stability of the nano material, and has limited action on the nano particles, so that the nano particles are not easy to agglomerate. In recent years, carbon-coated nano materials are widely applied to the fields of electrocatalysis, supercapacitor materials, lithium ion battery cathode materials, bioengineering and the like, and have good application prospects in the field of catalytic science, and particularly, the carbon-coated metal nano materials show excellent catalytic activity in reactions such as oxidation, reduction and the like. Amorphous carbon coated transition metal oxide composites are provided in the prior art, but such materials still have significant shortcomings in performance when used to catalyze chemical reactions.
Nitrous oxide (N)2O) is an important greenhouse gas, whose Global Warming Potential (GWP) is CO2310 times of, CH421 times of the total weight of the composition; furthermore, N2The average life of O in the atmosphere is about 150 years, which is also NO in the stratospherexThe main source of the compound can not only seriously damage the ozone layer, but also has strong greenhouse effect.
The domestic production of adipic acid mainly adopts a cyclohexanol nitric acid oxidation method, and the cyclohexanol is subjected to nitric acid oxidation to produce adipic acid, and the method is mature in technology, high in product yield and purity, but large in nitric acid consumption, and capable of producing a large amount of N in the reaction process2And the tail gas discharged in the production process is concentrated, the wave volume is large, and the concentration is high (36V% -40V%). At present, 15 ten thousand tons of adipic acid and N are produced annually by a nitric acid oxidation method of cyclohexanol2The annual emission of O can reach 4.5 ten thousand tons. Therefore, the tail gas of the adipic acid device is purified, and N is effectively controlled and eliminated2O has become a research hotspot in the field of environmental catalysis at present.
By direct catalytic decomposition of N2O is decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen to eliminate N2O is the most efficient and clean technique. Among them, the catalyst is the core of the direct catalytic decomposition method. Decomposition of N reported in the present study2The catalyst of O mainly comprises noble metal catalyst, ion-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst and transition metal oxide catalyst. Noble metal catalysts (e.g., Rh and Ru) vs. N2The O catalytic decomposition has higher low-temperature catalytic activity (within the range of 250-350 ℃) and can efficiently decompose N2O), but it is expensive. Is divided intoThe price of the sub-sieve catalyst and the transition metal oxide catalyst is obviously lower than that of the noble metal, but the two catalysts are used for N2The activity of O catalytic decomposition is low, and the temperature range of efficient decomposition is 450-550 ℃. Therefore, the catalyst pair N with low development cost and high activity2The emission reduction of O has important significance.
In view of the above, the development of new catalytic materials with low cost and high efficiency has very urgent needs and broad research prospects.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of background understanding of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an alkali and/or alkaline earth metal doped carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite, which has a core film structure having a graphitized carbon film and an inner core of nickel oxide, has excellent activity as a catalyst active component, and particularly has superior effect on catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide after doping with alkali and/or alkaline earth metal, and helps to solve high concentration N generated during the production process of adipic acid plants, nitric acid plants, etc., and a preparation method and use thereof2The elimination of the O waste gas has important significance for protecting the environment and reducing the atmospheric pollution, and has good industrial application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite, which comprises a core film structure with an outer film and an inner core, wherein the outer film is a graphitized carbon film, the inner core comprises nickel oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite further comprises a second metal, the second metal is an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, and the molar ratio of the second metal to nickel is 0.01-0.3.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the carbon content is not more than 5 wt% of the nanocomposite.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the carbon content is between 0.1% and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.1% and 1% by weight, based on the nanocomposite material.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the inner core is comprised of nickel oxide.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the carbon element in the nanocomposite material as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the carbon element content as determined by elemental analysis is not less than 10 in terms of mass ratio.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the Raman spectrum of the nanocomposite material is at 1580cm-1Intensity of nearby G peak at 1320cm-1The ratio of the intensities of the nearby D peaks is greater than 2.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the nuclear membrane structure is between 1nm and 100 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material, which comprises the following steps: putting a nickel source and polybasic organic carboxylic acid into a solvent to be mixed to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent in the homogeneous solution to obtain a precursor; pyrolyzing the precursor in inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, and carrying out oxygen treatment on a product after pyrolysis; preparing a second metal salt solution, uniformly mixing the product after the oxygen treatment with the second metal salt solution, and stirring to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; and drying and roasting the solid-liquid mixture to obtain the nano composite material.
According to one embodiment of the invention, before the oxygen treatment, the method further comprises performing acid washing treatment on the product after pyrolysis.
According to one embodiment of the invention, after the pickling treatment, the pickling loss rate of the product is less than or equal to 40%, may be less than or equal to 30%, may be less than or equal to 20%, and may be less than or equal to 10%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the nickel source to the polybasic organic carboxylic acid is 1 (0.1-10); the nickel source is selected from one or more of organic acid salt of nickel, nickel carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide; the polybasic organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, trimesic acid, terephthalic acid, gluconic acid and malic acid.
According to one embodiment of the invention, pyrolysis comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 400 ℃ to 800 ℃, the constant temperature time is 20min to 600min, the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, and the reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of inert gas and hydrogen.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen treatment comprises introducing standard gas into the product after pyrolysis and heating, wherein the standard gas comprises oxygen and balance gas, and the volume concentration of the oxygen is 10-40%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the oxygen treatment is 200 ℃ to 500 ℃ and the time of the oxygen treatment is 0.5h to 10 h.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the second metal salt solution is selected from one or more of an organic acid salt solution of an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, a carbonate solution, a basic carbonate solution, a nitrate solution and a sulfate solution.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃, and the drying time is 15-25 h; the roasting comprises the following steps: heating the dried product to a constant temperature section, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the heating rate is 0.5-30 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 200-400 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 20-600 min.
The invention also provides the application of the nano composite material as an active component of a catalyst in catalytic chemical reaction.
The invention also provides a method for catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide, which comprises the step of contacting a catalyst with the nitrous oxide to perform catalytic decomposition reaction to generate nitrogen and oxygen, wherein the catalyst contains the nano composite material.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nitrous oxide is present in the catalytic decomposition reaction in a volume concentration of 5% to 40%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the catalytic decomposition reaction, the reaction temperature is 300-400 ℃, the reaction space velocity is 1000-3000 ml of reaction gas/(h.g nanometer composite material), and the volume concentration of nitrous oxide in the reaction gas is 30-40%.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite provided by the invention comprises a core film structure with a graphitized carbon film and a nickel oxide core, and is doped with a second metal, namely alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal. The invention firstly utilizes the action of the transition metal simple substance to form a tightly coated graphitized carbon film outside the carbon film, then converts the transition metal simple substance into the transition metal oxide through oxygen treatment, and simultaneously removes amorphous carbon, thereby obtaining the nano composite material of a small amount of graphite carbon tightly coated transition metal oxide. The invention discovers that the unique structure and composition enable the catalyst to be used as a catalyst active component to catalyze N2Has excellent activity when decomposing O. The invention also discovers that alkali metal and alkaline earth metal can possibly generate an electric supply effect and are doped into the catalyst to play a role of an electronic auxiliary agent, so that the meshes and the strength of acid sites in the catalyst are adjusted, and a better catalytic effect is achieved. Compared with the prior catalyst, the catalyst must remove N in industrial waste gas2The catalyst can directly catalyze and decompose the high-concentration nitrous oxide waste gas generated in industrial production at a lower temperature, the decomposition rate can reach more than 99 percent, and the catalyst has important significance for protecting the environment and reducing the air pollution and has good industrial application prospect.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1;
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained in step (3) of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of a product obtained in step (3) of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a Raman spectrum of the product obtained in step (3) of example 2;
FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the material obtained in comparative example 3;
FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b are transmission electron microscope images of the material obtained in comparative example 3 at different magnification times, respectively.
Detailed Description
The following presents various embodiments or examples in order to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description herein. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed in the present application are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For wave value ranges, one or more new wave value ranges may be obtained from combinations of the end point values of each range, the end point values of each range and the individual point values, and these wave value ranges should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The term "nuclear membrane structure" in the present invention means a nuclear membrane structure having an outer membrane which is a graphitized carbon membrane and an inner core containing nickel oxide nanoparticles. The composite material formed after the graphitized carbon film is coated with the nickel oxide nano particles is spherical or quasi-spherical.
The term "graphitized carbon film" refers to a thin film structure composed mainly of graphitized carbon.
The term "carbon element content determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy" refers to the relative content of carbon elements on the surface of a material measured by quantitative elemental analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer as an analysis tool.
The term "carbon content determined in elemental analysis" refers to the relative content of total carbon elements of a material measured by elemental quantitative analysis using an elemental analyzer as an analysis tool.
The invention provides a carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite, which comprises a core film structure with an outer film and an inner core, wherein the outer film is a graphitized carbon film, the inner core comprises nickel oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposite further comprises a second metal, the second metal is an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, the molar ratio of the second metal to nickel is 0.01-0.3, preferably 0.01-0.2, such as 0.01, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.18, 0.2 and the like.
According to the invention, the carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material is a nuclear membrane structure comprising an outer membrane layer and an inner nuclear layer, wherein the outer membrane layer mainly comprises a graphitized carbon membrane, and the graphitized carbon membrane is a thin membrane structure mainly comprising graphitized carbon and is coated on the surface of nickel oxide nano particles. In addition, the nanocomposite material is further doped with a second metal, i.e., an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal. The inventor of the invention unexpectedly finds that the core membrane structure coated with the graphitized carbon membrane on the outer layer has relatively little carbon content in the thin membrane layer, but greatly improves the performance of the whole material, particularly the catalytic performance, specifically, the core membrane structure not only can generate a certain confinement effect, effectively avoids the aggregation and growth of nickel oxide nanoparticles in the core, and enables the catalytic activity of the composite material to be stable, but also can synergistically increase the catalytic activity of the whole composite material, and obviously improves the catalytic activity compared with the catalytic activity of pure nickel oxide which is not coated with the graphite carbon membrane. In addition, the nano composite material is further doped with alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal which is used as a catalyst for catalyzing N2When an acidic oxide such as O reacts, the catalytic activity is further improved.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned nanocomposite comprises carbon in an amount no greater than 5 wt% of the nanocomposite, optionally, carbon in an amount no greater than 1 wt% of the nanocomposite, such as 1 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.1 wt%, and the like.
In some embodiments, the nanocomposite material of the present invention has a ratio of the content of carbon element determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the content of carbon element determined by elemental analysis of not less than 10 in terms of mass ratio. As mentioned above, the carbon content determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy refers to the relative carbon content on the surface of the material measured by quantitative element analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer as an analysis tool. The carbon element content determined in the element analysis refers to the relative content of the total carbon elements of the material, which is measured by carrying out element quantitative analysis by taking an element analyzer as an analysis tool. When the ratio of the carbon element determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to the carbon element determined by element analysis is larger, most of carbon in the whole nano composite material is concentrated on the surface of the material to form a carbon film layer, and further the nuclear film structure is formed.
In some embodiments, the raman spectrum of the nanocomposite material of the present invention is at 1580cm-1Intensity of nearby G peak at 1320cm-1The ratio of the intensities of the nearby D peaks is greater than 2. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the peak D and the peak G are both Raman characteristic peaks of a crystal of C atoms, the peak D represents a defect in a lattice of carbon atoms, and the peak G represents a sp of C atoms2Hybrid in-plane stretching vibration. It is understood that a greater ratio of the intensity of the G peak to the intensity of the D peak indicates that more graphitic carbon is present in the nanocomposite than amorphous carbon. That is, the carbon element in the nanocomposite material of the present invention exists mainly in the form of graphitic carbon. The graphite carbon has better oxidation resistance, and can increase the catalytic activity with the nickel oxide nano-particles of the kernel in a synergistic manner, thereby improving the performance of the whole composite material.
In some embodiments, the aforementioned nuclear membrane structures generally have a particle size of 1nm to 100nm, preferably 2nm to 40nm, such as 2nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, and the like.
The second aspect of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite, comprising the following steps:
putting a nickel source and polybasic organic carboxylic acid into a solvent to be mixed to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent in the homogeneous solution to obtain a precursor; pyrolyzing the precursor in inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere, and carrying out oxygen treatment on a product after pyrolysis; preparing a second metal salt solution, uniformly mixing the product after the oxygen treatment with the second metal salt solution, and stirring to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; and drying and roasting the solid-liquid mixture to obtain the nano composite material.
Specifically, the precursor is a water-soluble mixture, which refers to a nickel-containing water-soluble mixture obtained by dissolving a nickel source and a polybasic organic carboxylic acid in a solvent such as water and ethanol to form a homogeneous solution and then directly evaporating to remove the solvent. The foregoing temperature and process of evaporating the solvent may be by any available prior art, for example, spray drying at 80 ℃ to 120 ℃ or drying in an oven.
In addition, other organic compounds than the two mentioned above, which can be any organic compound that can supplement the carbon source required in the product without containing other doping atoms, can also be added to form a homogeneous solution. Organic compounds having no volatility such as organic polyols, lactic acid and the like are preferable.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the nickel source, the poly-organic carboxylic acid, and the other organic compound is 1:0.1 to 10:0 to 10, preferably 1:0.5 to 5:0 to 5, more preferably 1:0.8 to 3:0 to 3; the nickel source is one or more of organic acid salt of nickel, nickel carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide; preferably, the organic acid salt is an organic carboxylate salt of nickel free of other heteroatoms. The polybasic organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, trimesic acid, terephthalic acid, gluconic acid and malic acid.
In some embodiments, the pyrolyzing comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
wherein the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, preferably 2.5 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, such as 2.5 ℃/min, 4.5 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 6.5 ℃/min, 7 ℃/min, 8.5 ℃/min, 9 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, and the like; the temperature of the constant temperature section is 400-800 ℃, preferably 500-700 ℃, such as 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 570 ℃, 610 ℃, 660 ℃, 680 ℃ and the like; the constant temperature time is 20min to 600min, preferably 30min to 300min, such as 30min, 45min, 55min, 70min, 86min, 97min, 100min, 180min, 270min, 300min and the like; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, and the reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen, for example, a small amount of hydrogen is doped in the inert atmosphere.
In some embodiments, the present invention further comprises acid washing the pyrolyzed product.
In fact, the product obtained after the aforementioned pyrolysis is a nanocomposite material in which a graphitized carbon layer is coated with nickel. The graphitized carbon layer is a carbon structure with a layered structure, but not an amorphous structure, which can be obviously observed under a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and the interlayer distance is about 0.34 nm. The nano composite material with the graphitized carbon layer coated with the nickel is a composite material consisting of nickel nano particles tightly coated (not contacted with the outside) by the graphitized carbon layer, nickel nano particles which can be contacted with the outside and are confined and a carbon material with a mesoporous structure. After acid pickling, the nickel in the composite material has certain loss, and can be characterized by the acid pickling loss rate. That is, the "acid loss ratio" refers to the loss ratio of nickel after the prepared carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite product is acid-washed. Which reflects how tightly the graphitized carbon layer coats the nickel. If the graphitized carbon layer does not coat the nickel tightly, the nickel of the core will be dissolved by the acid and lost after the acid treatment. The larger the acid washing loss rate, the lower the degree of tightness of the nickel coating by the graphitized carbon layer, and the smaller the acid washing loss rate, the higher the degree of tightness of the nickel coating by the graphitized carbon layer.
In general, the specific conditions of the pickling treatment are: adding 1g of sample into 20mL of sulfuric acid aqueous solution (1mol/L), treating the sample at 90 ℃ for 8h, then washing the sample to be neutral by using deionized water, weighing and analyzing the sample after drying, and calculating the pickling loss rate according to the following formula.
The calculation formula is as follows: the acid pickling loss rate is [1- (mass partial wave of nickel in the composite material after acid pickling × mass of the composite material after acid pickling) ÷ (mass partial wave of nickel in the composite material to be treated × mass of the composite material to be treated) ] × 100%. It should be noted that the "composite" in this formula is a composite that has not been treated with oxygen. In some embodiments, the composite material generally has a pickling loss ratio of 40% or less, can be 30% or less, can be 20% or less, and can be 10% or less.
The oxygen treatment comprises introducing standard gas into the product after pyrolysis or acid washing treatment and heating, wherein the standard gas contains oxygen and balance gas, and the volume concentration of the oxygen is 10-40%, such as 10%, 12%, 15%, 17%, 20%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%. The balance gas may be an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the temperature of the oxygen treatment is from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃, preferably from 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, such as 320 ℃, 340 ℃, 350 ℃, 380 ℃, and the like; the time of the oxygen treatment is 0.5 to 10 hours, for example, 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, etc.
As known to those skilled in the art, carbon is in contact with oxygen at a high temperature and then undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate a gas, and it can be understood that the precursor after pyrolysis forms a nanocomposite material in which a graphitized carbon shell coats a nickel core, wherein the carbon content is about 15% to 60%. After the product is treated with oxygen, amorphous carbon in the material is lost along with oxidation reaction. However, the inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly found that the oxygen treated material burns off most of the carbon while oxidizing not only the nickel of the core but also a small portion of the carbon remains. As mentioned above, XPS and Raman spectrum detection and analysis prove that the carbon is a graphitized carbon film layer coated on the surface of the nickel oxide, and the carbon film layer further has a plurality of excellent properties, so that the nanocomposite has great application potential in catalytic materials, energy storage materials and electromagnetic materials.
According to the present invention, the product after the oxygen treatment is a graphitized carbon film-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite comprising a core film structure having an outer film which is a graphitized carbon film and an inner core which comprises nickel oxide nanoparticles. Further, the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the product after the oxygen treatment with a second metal salt solution, stirring for 1-4 hours, fully mixing and contacting solid and liquid to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, removing the solvent in the solid-liquid mixture by methods such as drying and the like, and roasting to finally obtain the carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material doped with the alkali metal and/or the alkaline earth metal. It is understood that since the doping process is after the formation of the nuclear membrane structure, the alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal should be formed on the surface of the nuclear membrane structure.
The solvent of the second metal salt solution is water, and the second metal salt solution is one or more selected from an organic acid salt solution of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal, a carbonate solution, a basic carbonate solution, a nitrate solution and a sulfate solution, and is preferably a potassium nitrate solution or a potassium carbonate solution.
After being stirred and mixed evenly, the obtained solid-liquid mixture is dried and roasted. Wherein the drying temperature is 60-100 deg.C, such as 60 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 70 deg.C, 73 deg.C, 77 deg.C, 82 deg.C, 88 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 95 deg.C, 100 deg.C, etc., and the drying time is 15-25 h, such as 15h, 18h, 20h, 22h, 25h, etc. The roasting comprises the following steps: heating the dried product to a constant temperature section, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the rate of heating is 0.5 ℃/min to 30 ℃/min, preferably 1 ℃/min to 10 ℃/min, for example, 1 ℃/min, 3 ℃/min, 5 ℃/min, 6 ℃/min, 8 ℃/min, 9 ℃/min, 10 ℃/min, and the like. The temperature of the constant temperature section is 200-400 ℃, preferably 250-350 ℃, such as 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 350 ℃ and the like, and the constant temperature time is 20-600 min, preferably 60-480 min, such as 60min, 75min, 88min, 100min, 150min, 166min, 235min, 260min, 350min, 400min, 450min and the like.
In conclusion, the novel nano composite material with unique structure and composition is obtained by further doping alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal on the basis of the nano composite material of the graphitized carbon film coated nickel oxide. The nano composite material can be used as an active component of a catalyst, in particular to catalyze N2When an acidic oxide such as O reacts, the catalytic activity is further improved.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for decomposing nitrous oxide, which comprises the step of contacting a catalyst with the nitrous oxide to perform catalytic decomposition reaction to generate nitrogen and oxygen, wherein the catalyst contains the nanocomposite. Specifically, a gas containing dinitrogen monoxide is introduced into a reactor containing the catalyst to perform a catalytic decomposition reaction.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the catalytic decomposition reaction is from 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, preferably from 350 ℃ to 380 ℃. The space velocity of the catalytic decomposition reaction is 1000-3000 ml of reaction gas/(h-g of the nano composite material). The high reaction space velocity allowed by the invention shows that the catalyst has high activity and large device processing capacity when the reaction is applied.
According to the invention, as mentioned above, the currently reported decomposition N2The catalyst of O mainly comprises noble metal catalyst, ion-exchanged molecular sieve catalyst and transition metal oxide catalyst. Noble metal catalysts, although having a low decomposition temperature, are expensive; the high-efficiency decomposition temperature of other molecular sieve catalysts and transition metal oxide catalysts is 450-550 ℃, and the high temperature required by the reaction greatly improves the industrial cost; in addition, the agglomeration of metal active centers at high temperatures also affects the catalytic performance of these catalysts more easily.
The inventors of the present invention have found that the catalyst using the nanocomposite containing the alkali metal-and/or alkaline earth metal-doped carbon-coated nickel oxide of the present invention can effectively decompose nitrous oxide into nitrogen and oxygen, and exhibits excellent catalytic activity stability in the reaction. In addition, when the existing catalyst is used for catalyzing and decomposing the nitrous oxide, the high-concentration nitrous oxide obtained by industrial production generally needs to be diluted to be about 0.5-2 percent, and the catalyst can be directly decomposed to achieve a high decomposition rate without being diluted. Namely, the nitrous oxide can be subjected to catalytic decomposition reaction with the volume concentration of 30-40%, and the decomposition rate can reach more than 99%, so that the industrial cost is greatly reduced, and the method has a good industrial application prospect.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but is not to be construed as being limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the invention are analytically pure.
The invention is based on X-rayA line photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detects elements on the surface of the material. The adopted X-ray photoelectron spectrum analyzer is an ESCALB 220i-XL type ray photoelectron spectrum analyzer which is manufactured by VG scientific company and is provided with Avantage V5.926 software, and the X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis test conditions are as follows: the excitation source is monochromatized A1K alpha X-ray, the power is 330W, and the basic vacuum is 3X 10 during analysis and test-9mbar。
The analysis of carbon (C) element is carried out on an Elementar Micro Cube element analyzer which is mainly used for analyzing four elements of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N), and the specific operation method and conditions are as follows: weighing 1-2 mg of a sample in a tin cup, placing the sample in an automatic sample feeding disc, feeding the sample into a combustion tube through a ball valve for combustion, wherein the combustion temperature is 1000 ℃ (the atmosphere interference during sample feeding is removed, helium is adopted for blowing), and then reducing the combusted gas by using reduced copper to form nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water. The mixed gas is separated by three desorption columns and sequentially enters a TCD detector for detection. The oxygen element is analyzed by converting oxygen in a sample into CO under the action of a carbon catalyst by utilizing pyrolysis, and then detecting the CO by adopting TCD. Since the composite material of the present invention contains only carbon and a metal oxide, the total content of the metal oxide can be determined from the content of the carbon element.
The ratio between the different metal oxides was measured by an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), and the content of the different metal oxides in the composite material was calculated from the known content of carbon element. The X-ray fluorescence spectrum analyzer (XRF) adopted by the invention is a Rigaku 3013X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis and test conditions are as follows: the scanning time was 100s and the atmosphere was air.
The Raman detection adopts a LabRAM HR UV-NIR laser confocal Raman spectrometer produced by HORIBA company of Japan, and the laser wavelength is 325 nm.
The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) adopted by the invention is JEM-2100(HRTEM) (Nippon electronics Co., Ltd.), and the test conditions of the high-resolution transmission electron microscope are as follows: the acceleration voltage was 200 kV.
The model of the XRD diffractometer adopted by the invention is an XRD-6000X-ray powder diffractometer (Shimadzu Japan), and the XRD test conditions are as follows: the Cu target was irradiated with K α rays (wavelength λ is 0.154nm), tube voltage was 40kV, tube current was 200mA, and scanning speed was 10 ° (2 θ)/min.
Example 1
This example illustrates the preparation of a carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite material according to the present invention.
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel carbonate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel carbonate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 100mL of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow of 100mL/min, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel composite material.
(3) And (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing standard gas (the volume concentration of oxygen is 15 percent, nitrogen is balance gas) with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 8 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the atmosphere of the standard gas to obtain the graphitized carbon film coated nickel oxide nano composite material.
(4) 50ml of deionized water were added to 0.1 g (ca. 0.0014mol potassium) of K2CO3Preparing a solution, and adding K to 8.5g of the product (about 0.14mol of nickel) obtained in the step (3)2CO3Uniformly mixing and stirring the solution for 4 hours; and (3) placing the obtained solid-liquid mixture in an oven at 80 ℃, drying for 12 hours, then placing in a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the potassium-doped carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1, and as shown in FIG. 1, nickel in the nanocomposite exists in the form of an oxide after mild oxidation treatment. FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1, taken fromAs can be seen in FIG. 2, the particle size of the nanocomposite is about 5nm to 20 nm. Elemental analysis revealed that the carbon content was 0.64 wt% and the nickel oxide content was 99.36 wt% in the nanocomposite. The XPS analysis revealed that the surface layer of the product obtained in step (3) contained carbon, oxygen and nickel. Wherein the ratio of the surface layer carbon element content to the total carbon element content is 32.7/1, indicating that carbon in the product is mainly present on the surface of the particles. FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of the product obtained in step (3) of example 1, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the peak G (1580 cm)-1) Intensity of (3) and intensity of D peak (1320 cm)-1) The ratio of (A) to (B) is 2.2/1, namely, the surface of the nano composite material is coated by a graphitized carbon film. Elemental analysis revealed that the product obtained in step (4) contained 0.58 wt% of carbon, 98.63 wt% of nickel oxide and 0.79 wt% of potassium oxide. From the XPS results, it is found that the surface layer of the product obtained in step (4) contains carbon, oxygen, nickel and potassium. Wherein the surface layer potassium content is 1.41 mol%.
Example 2
This example illustrates the preparation of a carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite material according to the present invention.
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel acetate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 100mL of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel composite material.
(3) And (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing standard gas (the volume concentration of oxygen is 15 percent, nitrogen is balance gas) with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 330 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 8 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the atmosphere of the standard gas to obtain the graphitized carbon film coated nickel oxide nanocomposite.
(4) 50ml of deionized water was added to 1.0 g (potassium)About 0.014mol) K2CO3Preparing a solution, and adding K to 8.5g of the product (about 0.14mol of nickel) obtained in the step (3)2CO3Uniformly mixing and stirring the solution for 4 hours; and (3) placing the solid-liquid mixture in an oven at 80 ℃, drying for 12 hours, then placing in a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel oxide nano composite material doped with potassium.
FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the product obtained in step (3) of example 2, and as shown in FIG. 4, nickel in the nanocomposite exists in the form of an oxide after mild oxidation treatment. FIG. 5 is a TEM image of the product obtained in step (3) of example 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 5 that the particle size of the nanocomposite is about 5nm to 20 nm. Elemental analysis revealed that the carbon content was 0.91 wt% and the nickel oxide content was 99.09 wt% in the nanocomposite. The XPS analysis revealed that the surface layer of the product obtained in step (3) contained carbon, oxygen and nickel. Wherein the ratio of the carbon element content of the surface layer to the total carbon element content is 22.4/1, and carbon in the product is mainly present on the surface of the particles. FIG. 6 is a Raman spectrum of the product obtained in step (3) of example 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 6 that the peak G (1580 cm)-1) Intensity of (3) and intensity of D peak (1320 cm)-1) The ratio of (A) to (B) is 2.4/1, namely, the surface of the nano composite material is coated by a graphitized carbon film. Elemental analysis revealed that the product obtained in step (4) had a carbon content of 0.85 wt%, a nickel oxide content of 92.32 wt% and a potassium oxide content of 6.83 wt%. From the XPS results, it is found that the surface layer of the product obtained in step (4) contains carbon, oxygen, nickel and potassium. Wherein the surface layer potassium content is 9.27 mol%.
Comparative example 1
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel carbonate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel carbonate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 100mL of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow of 100mL/min, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel composite material.
(3) And (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing standard gas (the volume concentration of oxygen is 15 percent, nitrogen is balance gas) with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 8 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the atmosphere of the standard gas to obtain the graphitized carbon film coated nickel oxide nano composite material.
Comparative example 2
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel acetate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 100mL of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel composite material.
(3) And (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing standard gas (the volume concentration of oxygen is 15 percent, nitrogen is balance gas) with the flow rate of 100mL/min, heating to 330 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 8 hours, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature under the atmosphere of the standard gas to obtain the graphitized carbon film coated nickel oxide nanocomposite.
Comparative example 3
And (3) placing 10g of nickel acetate solid in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing air with the flow rate of 150mL/min, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the air atmosphere to obtain a sample material.
Fig. 7 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the material obtained in comparative example 3, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the XRD pattern of the material shows characteristic peaks of nickel oxide, indicating that nickel is mainly present in the form of nickel oxide. Fig. 8a and 8b show transmission electron microscope images of the material obtained in comparative example 3 at different magnification, respectively, and it can be seen that nickel oxide is agglomerated together in a large amount, indicating that nickel oxide nanoparticles without carbon film coating are very easily agglomerated long. Elemental analysis revealed that the material obtained in comparative example 3 had a carbon content of 0.12 wt% and a nickel oxide content of 99.88 wt%.
Application example 1
This application example serves to illustrate the reaction of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide using the nanocomposite of example 1 as a catalyst.
0.5g of catalyst was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with a reaction gas composition of 38.0% N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, and the flow rate of reaction gas is 15 ml/min. The temperature range for activity evaluation is shown in Table 1, catalytic decomposition of N2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
Application example 2
This application example serves to illustrate the reaction of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide using the nanocomposite of example 2 as a catalyst.
0.5g of catalyst was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with a reaction gas composition of 38.0% N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, and the flow rate of reaction gas is 15 ml/min. The temperature range for activity evaluation is shown in Table 1, catalytic decomposition of N2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
Comparative application example 1
This comparative application example is intended to illustrate the reaction of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide using the nanocomposite of comparative example 1 as a catalyst.
0.5g of catalyst was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with a reaction gas composition of 38.0% N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, and the flow rate of reaction gas is 15 ml/min. The temperature range for activity evaluation is shown in Table 1, catalytic decomposition of N2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
Comparative application example 2
This comparative application example is intended to illustrate the reaction of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide using the nanocomposite of comparative example 2 as a catalyst.
0.5g of catalyst was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with a reaction gas composition of38.0％N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, and the flow rate of reaction gas is 15 ml/min. The temperature range for activity evaluation is shown in Table 1, catalytic decomposition of N2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
Comparative application example 3
This comparative application example is intended to illustrate the reaction of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide using the material of comparative example 3 as a catalyst.
0.5g of catalyst was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with the reaction gas consisting of 38.0% by volume N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, the flow rate of reaction gas is 15ml/min, the activity evaluation temperature range is shown in table 1, and the catalyst is used for catalytically decomposing N at different temperatures2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
Comparative application example 4
Commercial nickel oxide (NiO) (analytical grade 20160803, manufacturer: national pharmaceutical group chemical Co.) was used as a catalyst, and 0.5g of commercial nickel oxide (NiO) was placed in a continuous flow fixed bed reactor with a reaction gas composition of 38.0% N2O, using nitrogen as balance gas, and the flow rate of reaction gas is 15 ml/min. The activity evaluation temperature range is shown in Table 1, and the catalyst can catalyze and decompose N at different temperatures2The conversion of O is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1 above, the potassium-doped graphitized carbon film-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite prepared by the method of the present invention has better N than the potassium-undoped graphitized carbon film-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite2O catalytic decomposition performance, and can efficiently eliminate N at 340-360 DEG C2And O. The temperature reduction degree can greatly reduce energy consumption and save production cost when the practical industrial production is applied to the process of treating the waste gas in the adipic acid production process, thereby effectively improving economic benefits and having important practical significance.
It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and that various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is only limited by the claims.
Claims (18)
1. A carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite, comprising a core-film structure having an outer film and an inner core, wherein the outer film is a graphitized carbon film, and the inner core comprises nickel oxide nanoparticles, wherein the nanocomposite further comprises a second metal, wherein the second metal is an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, and the molar ratio of the second metal to nickel is 0.01 to 0.3.
2. Nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon content represents not more than 5 wt% of the nanocomposite.
3. Nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon content represents not more than 1 wt% of the nanocomposite.
4. Nanocomposite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the nanocomposite material has a content of carbon element determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to carbon element determined by elemental analysis of not less than 10 in terms of mass ratio.
5. Nanocomposite material according to claim 1, wherein the raman spectrum of the nanocomposite material is at 1580cm-1Intensity of nearby G peak at 1320cm-1The ratio of the intensities of the nearby D peaks is greater than 2.
6. The nanocomposite as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core-film structure has a particle size of 1nm to 100 nm.
7. A method for preparing the carbon-coated nickel oxide nanocomposite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
putting a nickel source and polybasic organic carboxylic acid into a solvent to be mixed to form a homogeneous solution, and removing the solvent in the homogeneous solution to obtain a precursor;
pyrolyzing the precursor in inert atmosphere or reducing atmosphere;
carrying out oxygen treatment on the product after pyrolysis;
preparing a second metal salt solution, uniformly mixing the product after the oxygen treatment with the second metal salt solution, and stirring to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; and
and drying and roasting the solid-liquid mixture to obtain the nano composite material.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising acid washing the pyrolyzed product before the oxygen treatment.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the acid loss of the product after the acid washing treatment is 40% or less.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the nickel source to the polyvalent organic carboxylic acid is 1 (0.1 to 10); the nickel source is selected from one or more of organic acid salt of nickel, nickel carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel hydroxide and nickel oxide; the polybasic organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, trimesic acid, terephthalic acid, gluconic acid and malic acid.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the pyrolyzing comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; the heating rate is 0.5-10 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 400-800 ℃, the constant temperature time is 20-600 min, the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, and the reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of inert gas and hydrogen.
12. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the oxygen treatment comprises introducing standard gas into the pyrolyzed product and heating, wherein the standard gas comprises oxygen and balance gas, and the volume concentration of the oxygen is 10-40%.
13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the oxygen treatment is 200 to 500 ℃ and the time of the oxygen treatment is 0.5 to 10 hours.
14. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second metal salt solution is one or more selected from the group consisting of an organic acid salt solution of an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal, a carbonate solution, a basic carbonate solution, a nitrate solution, and a sulfate solution.
15. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃ to 100 ℃ and the drying time is 15h to 25 h; the roasting comprises the following steps: heating the dried product to a constant temperature section, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section; wherein the heating rate is 0.5-30 ℃/min, the temperature of the constant temperature section is 200-400 ℃, and the constant temperature time is 20-600 min.
16. Use of a nanocomposite according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as an active component of a catalyst in catalytic chemical reactions.
17. A method of catalyzing the decomposition of nitrous oxide comprising contacting a catalyst with nitrous oxide to effect a catalytic decomposition reaction to produce nitrogen and oxygen, the catalyst comprising the nanocomposite of any one of claims 1 to 6.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, wherein in the catalytic decomposition reaction, the reaction temperature is 300-400 ℃, the reaction space velocity is 1000-3000 ml of reaction gas/(hr-g nanocomposite), and the volume concentration of nitrous oxide in the reaction gas is 30-40%.
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