CN113750749A - 一种二氧化碳分离方法及分离装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氧化碳分离方法，涉及气体分离技术领域，将膜状或片状的高分子聚合物应变弯曲形成弧面，二氧化碳分子可单向通过所述弧面。本发明利用目前较为廉价的高分子聚合材料为基材，将其加工成为具有弧面结构的膜或片，无需其他辅助设施或辅助动力，二氧化碳气体分子可从弧面的一侧单向渗透通过至另外一侧，从而达到分离二氧化碳分子的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及气体分离技术领域，尤其是涉及一种二氧化碳分离方法及分离装置。
背景技术
目前，用于二氧化碳分离的方法主要有化学吸收法、物理吸收法、变压吸附法、低温冷凝法和膜分离法。膜分离法是当今世界上发展迅速的一项节能的二氧化碳分离技术，它是一种较新的没有相变的物理分离方法，具有设备简单、占地面积小、操作方便、分离效率高、能耗低、环境友好且便于和其他方法集成等优点，使得该技术研究和开发已成为世界各国在高新技术领域中竞争的热点。如在提高原油采收率、天然气的净化、潜艇和空间站等密闭环境中二氧化碳的去除、医疗上膜型人工肺的制作等方面得到了应用。
现有的二氧化碳膜分离法是利用各种气体在不同膜材料中渗透速率的差异来实现分离的，渗透速率相对较快的气体透过膜后富集于膜的渗透侧，而渗透速率相对较慢的气体则富集于膜的滞留侧，从而使得混合气体分离。气体通过膜的渗透能力与气体分子性质、膜的性质以及渗透气体与膜的相互作用有关，这是膜分离法效率高的主要原因。膜分离法包括分离膜和吸收膜两种类型，在膜分离技术的实施过程中往往需要二者共同来完成。
不过现有的二氧化碳膜分离技术是基于特殊的复合型材料制作，制作工艺复杂，成本高昂，同时往往需要辅助动力在分离膜的两侧形成一定的压力差，从而使二氧化碳分子由压力较高的一侧向压力交底的一侧移动从而达到单向渗透的效果。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述技术问题，提供与现有技术原理不同的的二氧化碳分离技术，制作简单，无需辅助动力，分离效率高，生产成本较为低廉。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种二氧化碳分离方法，将膜状或片状的高分子聚合物应变弯曲形成弧面，二氧化碳分子可单向通过所述弧面。
优选的，所述弧面的半径为0.1mm～1000mm。
一种二氧化碳分离装置，包括至少部分为弧面型的高分子聚合物，所述弧面的半径为0.1mm～1000mm。
进一步的，包括膜状或片状的高分子聚合物基材，所述高分子聚合物基材上设置有若干凸起部，所述凸起部的凸起方向一致。
进一步的，所述高分子聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯及丙烯腈─丁二烯─苯乙烯共聚合物的任一种。
进一步的，所述凸起部的半径为0.5mm～200mm。
进一步的，所述凸起部的形状为球冠形、锥形、圆柱形的一种或多种。
本发明利用目前较为廉价的高分子聚合材料为基材，将其加工成为具有弧面结构的膜或片，无需其他辅助设施或辅助动力，二氧化碳气体分子可从弧面的一侧单向渗透通过至另外一侧，从而达到分离二氧化碳分子的目的。本发明应用范围非常广泛，尤其是在大棚种植技术领域的应用前景光明。
附图说明
图1为本发明的二氧化碳分离技术原理图；
图2为实施例一的试验原理图；
图3为实施例一的试验装置图；
图4为实施例一中高分子聚合物膜的平面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，将高分子聚合物弯曲后形成一个弧面1，放置于常温常压的大气环境中，空气中的二氧化碳分子可以从曲面的左侧渗透移动至右侧。
二氧化碳是中性分子，它两个大π键与高分子长链行成的π键微弱的重叠，使的二氧化碳可以在大分子长链上自由移动。塑料大部分都是由聚合大分子粘合而成，聚合大分子的分子链很长，最小的分子链也有几百个基本单元分子聚合而成，一般的分子链都要有一千甚至上万个基本小分子聚合而成，例如植物的纤维素分子链就很长。当二氧化碳被聚合大分子链捕获后二氧化碳可以在大分子链上滚动或者是滑动。正因为二氧化碳在分子链上可以自由滑动，使的大分子聚合物基本都有透二氧化碳气体的特性。如果将塑料板弯曲，塑料板内外即产生一定的应力，这种微弱的应力可使二氧化碳在塑料中定向移动。其他大分子材料二氧化碳透气原理也是如此。
本发明依据以上两个理论，选用了大分子材料以及特殊的结构，实现了用大分子聚合物材料高效收集空气中的二氧化碳。
主要材料如下:纤维素，硝化纤维，醋酸纤维素，聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚氯乙烯，涤纶，丙纶，腈纶，聚酯纤维，锦纶，氨纶
实施例一，如图2所示，将0.2mm厚度的PET板制成直径2cm的圆筒11，两端封闭，在其内部安装二氧化碳气体浓度探头12。试验结果表明，80秒其内部的二氧化碳浓度由大约402ppm提升至1586ppm。
实施例二：如图3-图4所示，采用0.1mm厚度的PVC膜2(大小尺寸为1m*1m)将试验空间A(大小尺寸为1m*1m*1m)隔离密闭。与PVC膜2上压制出多个均匀分布的凸起部3，凸起部为球冠型，球冠直径约2mm。各个凸起部之间间距约5mm。在空间A靠近PVC膜2附近设置有二氧化碳气体浓度仪。试验结果表明，70分钟内空间A内二氧化碳浓度由403ppm快速提升至大约1562ppm。
实施例三，本实施例与实施例二的区别在于，将PVC材料换成LDPE材料，其他不变，试验结果表明，65分钟内空间A内二氧化碳浓度由403ppm快速提升至大约1556ppm。
实施例四，本实施例与实施例二的区别在于，改变膜的厚度为1mm，其他不变，试验结果表明，75分钟内空间A内二氧化碳浓度由403ppm快速提升至大约1560ppm。
本发明技术可应用于植物种植温室大棚膜。
Claims (7)
1.一种二氧化碳分离方法，其特征在于，将膜状或片状的高分子聚合物应变弯曲形成弧面，二氧化碳分子可单向通过所述弧面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化碳分离方法，其特征在于，所述弧面的半径为0.1mm～1000mm。
3.一种二氧化碳分离装置，其特征在于，包括至少部分为弧面型的高分子聚合物，所述弧面的半径为0.1mm～1000mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化碳分离装置，其特征在于，包括膜状或片状的高分子聚合物基材，所述高分子聚合物基材上设置有若干凸起部，所述凸起部的凸起方向一致。
5.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化碳分离装置，其特征在于，所述高分子聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯及丙烯腈─丁二烯─苯乙烯共聚合物的任一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化碳分离装置，其特征在于，所述凸起部的半径为0.5mm～200mm。
7.根据权利要求3所述的二氧化碳分离装置，其特征在于，所述凸起部的形状为球冠形、锥形、圆柱形的一种或多种。
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| CN109940951A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-28 | 阿布扎比聚合物有限公司(博禄) | 发泡聚乙烯膜 |
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| CN1488422A (zh) * | 2003-07-30 | 2004-04-14 | 浙江大学 | 中空纤维膜接触器分离烟气中二氧化碳的方法及*** |
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| CN103269768A (zh) * | 2010-12-24 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社新生能源研究 | 气体分离装置、膜反应器、制氢装置 |
| US20130287678A1 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2013-10-31 | Renaissance Energy Corporation | Gas separation apparatus, membrane reactor, and hydrogen production apparatus |
| CN109940951A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-28 | 阿布扎比聚合物有限公司(博禄) | 发泡聚乙烯膜 |
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