CN113749828A - 个性化的近端融合股骨柄及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄及其制作方法。所述个性化的近端融合股骨柄包括股骨柄主体及用于匹配填补骨缺损的融合体,所述融合体通过增材制造的方式一体成型在股骨柄主体上。近端融合股骨柄的股骨柄主体和融合体为一体结构,避免了传统产品因装配而导致的摩擦磨损、配合过紧或过松、应力遮挡的问题,匹配精度高,适配性优良,从设计到零件加工完成耗时短。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医疗领域,尤其涉及一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄及其制作方法。
背景技术
人工髋关节置换手术在十几年前已经是一种较普通的外科手术,随着时间的推移,早期植入的人工假体因各种原因的失效已经愈来愈多地进入翻修手术期,股骨侧的翻修常存在不同程度的股骨近端骨缺损,严重时髓腔内松质骨大量缺失并伴有皮质骨缺损,形成粗大髓腔,用骨水泥进行充填固定时骨水泥与骨之间的微锁作用降低,早期松动的可能性增大。上世纪90年代以来随着工业和医疗技术的进步不断有新型的柄体出现,例如美国DePuy公司推出的S-ROM组配式股骨柄假体就是这些新型柄体具有代表性的类型之一,这一类组配式股骨柄假体的典型结构就是在股骨柄近端的外侧增加了一个用于填充股骨近端髓腔的填充套,由于股骨柄与股骨近端填充套部分分开,使该组配式股骨柄假体植入手术变得容易,组配的方式可以方便地解决各种可能问题,如患者股骨颈个体偏心距差异、前倾角差异、股骨直径与长度差异等等,明显简化了手术,是较理想的股骨翻修假体。但是由于关节面材质经长期磨损脱落的碎屑所引起的溶骨素导致骨细胞退行性萎缩仍然不可避免,因此股骨柄假体与骨质间界面间隙的脱离松动仍然有可能导致柄体植入最终失效,因此怎样保持植入假体在股骨髓腔中的长期稳定仍然是各方面都在不断探索的课题。
因此,确有必要提供一种近端融合股骨柄及其制作方法,以克服现有技术中存在的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种植入后稳定性高的个性化的近端融合股骨柄及其制作方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄,包括股骨柄主体及用于匹配填补骨缺损的融合体,所述融合体通过增材制造的方式一体成型在股骨柄主体上。
进一步地,所述融合体为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构。
进一步地,所述融合体具有粗糙表面。
进一步地,所述股骨柄主体通过锻造或铸造的加工工艺成型。
进一步地,所述股骨柄主体通过增材制造工艺成型。
进一步地,所述股骨柄主体及融合体的材质为钛合金。
进一步地,所述融合体上设置有用于填充自体和异体的碎骨颗粒的植骨孔洞。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄的制作方法,包括以下步骤:获取患者病骨的计算机断层扫描数据,利用工业软件进行医学图像处理和三维模型重建;成型股骨柄主体;根据患者病骨的骨缺损情况,确定融合体的形状及尺寸;通过增材制造的方式,在股骨柄主体外部一体打印出融合体。
进一步地,根据图像的灰度值与骨密度之间的关系函数以及皮质骨和松质骨的力学性能与孔隙率的差异,通过工业软件,将融合体设置为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构。
进一步地,在三维模型重建后替换成以下步骤,根据患者病骨情况,确定股骨柄主体和融合体的形状及尺寸,通过增材制造的方式,打印出股骨柄主体和融合体。
本发明的近端融合股骨柄的股骨柄主体和融合体为一体结构,避免了传统产品因装配而导致的摩擦磨损、配合过紧或过松、应力遮挡的问题,匹配精度高,适配性优良,从设计到零件加工完成耗时短。
附图说明
图1为本发明的个性化的近端融合股骨柄第一实施方式的示意图。
图2为本发明的个性化的近端融合股骨柄第一实施方式其他角度的示意图。
图3为本发明的个性化的近端融合股骨柄第二实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例作详细的说明。
请结合图1至图3所示,本发明的近端融合股骨柄100用于填充在患骨缺损处。在本发明中,所述近端融合股骨柄100不仅适用于脊骨髋臼、膝关节、颅骨、颌面部及骨盆缺损的支撑与修复,还适用于人体骨骼***中的躯干骨、四肢骨的骨缺损修复、骨填充修复,此外,还可与人工关节相结合,制作出适用于针对各种严重畸形的人工关节置换与翻修的假体,以实现骨愈合、加速骨修复等功能。
参照图1和图2所示,所示个性化的近端融合股骨柄100包括股骨柄主体1及用于匹配填补骨缺损的融合体2。所述融合体2通过增材制造的方式一体成型在股骨柄主体1上。
即,通过增材制造时高温熔融成型材料,从而与股骨柄主体1的外表面粘结而一体成型。所述股骨柄主体1和融合体2为一体结构,避免了传统产品因装配而导致的摩擦磨损、配合过紧或过松、应力遮挡的问题,匹配精度高,适配性优良,从设计到零件加工完成耗时短。
在本发明中,所述融合体2为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构,且具有粗糙表面,有利于术后骨与假体的整合,延长假体使用寿命,降低术后假体的翻修率。
所述近端融合股骨柄100的融合体2与骨质接触的外表面全部或局部设置有羟基磷灰石涂层,具有诱导骨细胞生长的功能。该羟基磷灰石涂层可采用常规的等离子喷涂法或电化学沉集法以及烧结法形成。
所述股骨柄主体1可通过锻造或铸造的加工工艺成型,因上述加工方法均为公知技术,故在此不做更多说明。
在其他实施方式中,所述股骨柄主体1和融合体2均通过增材制造工艺成型。所述股骨柄主体1及融合体2的材质为钛合金,而具有较好的生物相容性。
参照图3所示,在第二实施方式中,所述融合体2上设置有用于填充自体和异体的碎骨颗粒的植骨孔洞3,手术植入后待到外部骨组织渗透长入三维网孔,并与植骨孔洞3中填充的碎骨颗粒融合生长成一体后,即可长久有效地防止近端融合股骨柄100和骨质间发生松动。
所述个性化的近端融合股骨柄100的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
获取患者病骨的计算机断层扫描数据,利用工业软件进行医学图像处理和三维模型重建;
成型股骨柄主体1;
根据患者病骨的骨缺损情况,确定融合体2的形状及尺寸;
通过增材制造的方式,在股骨柄主体1外部一体打印出融合体2。
在其他实施方式中,三维模型重建后,可根据患者病骨情况,同时确定股骨柄主体1和融合体2的形状及尺寸,通过增材制造的方式,一次性打印出股骨柄主体1和融合体2。
进一步地,根据图像的灰度值与骨密度之间的关系函数以及皮质骨和松质骨的力学性能与孔隙率的差异,通过工业软件,将融合体2设置为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构。采用金属增材制造技术制造,孔隙的结构形态和孔隙率可精确控制。
综上,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,不应以此限制本发明的范围,即凡是依本发明的权利要求书及本发明说明书内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰,均应仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:包括股骨柄主体及用于匹配填补骨缺损的融合体,所述融合体通过增材制造的方式一体成型在股骨柄主体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述融合体为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构。
3.如权利要求2所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述融合体具有粗糙表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述股骨柄主体通过锻造或铸造的加工工艺成型。
5.如权利要求1所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述股骨柄主体通过增材制造工艺成型。
6.如权利要求5所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述股骨柄主体及融合体的材质为钛合金。
7.如权利要求1所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄,其特征在于:所述融合体上设置有用于填充自体和异体的碎骨颗粒的植骨孔洞。
8.一种个性化的近端融合股骨柄的制作方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
获取患者病骨的计算机断层扫描数据,利用工业软件进行医学图像处理和三维模型重建;
成型股骨柄主体;
根据患者病骨的骨缺损情况,确定融合体的形状及尺寸;
通过增材制造的方式,在股骨柄主体外部一体打印出融合体。
9.如权利要求8所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄的制作方法,其特征在于:根据图像的灰度值与骨密度之间的关系函数以及皮质骨和松质骨的力学性能与孔隙率的差异,通过工业软件,将融合体设置为内部互相连通的三维孔隙结构。
10.如权利要求8所述的个性化的近端融合股骨柄的制作方法,其特征在于:在三维模型重建后替换成以下步骤,根据患者病骨情况,确定股骨柄主体和融合体的形状及尺寸,通过增材制造的方式,打印出股骨柄主体和融合体。
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