CN113745587B - Low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system - Google Patents

Low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system Download PDF

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CN113745587B
CN113745587B CN202110849980.2A CN202110849980A CN113745587B CN 113745587 B CN113745587 B CN 113745587B CN 202110849980 A CN202110849980 A CN 202110849980A CN 113745587 B CN113745587 B CN 113745587B
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fuel cell
heating time
target
heating
variable current
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CN113745587A (en
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周家旺
李洪涛
谢奇光
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037Electrical heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701Temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a loading method of an electric load for a low-temperature cold start fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: determining a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, wherein the cold start requirement specifically comprises the following steps: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time; if the fuel cell is at the working temperature, determining a variable current loading speed output by the fuel cell based on the cold start requirement and a target heating condition of the fuel cell; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell; and loading an electric load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.

Description

Low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system.
Background
Along with the gradual increase of energy conservation and environmental protection requirements, the fuel cell is used as a green pollution-free energy conversion device and becomes a hot spot for research in various countries. At present, fuel cells play a great role in mobile power sources and vehicle-mounted energy sources, but there are problems that prevent further commercialization, and besides cost and durability, the low-temperature performance of the fuel cells still deserves further discussion.
The main product of the fuel cell is water, when the temperature is lower than the zero temperature, the water generated by the reaction can be frozen, so that the catalyst and the proton exchange membrane on the membrane electrode are covered, the chemical reaction rate is reduced, and meanwhile, the structure of the membrane electrode assembly can be damaged due to volume expansion caused by water freezing.
At present, various measures are proposed for low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell, such as auxiliary power supply heating, cooling liquid auxiliary heating, heating without auxiliary heat source and the like. However, the technology of heating without auxiliary heat source is not mature enough, and certain potential safety hazard exists, so that in various auxiliary heating measures, the auxiliary heating of the cooling liquid is convenient to be combined with the fuel cell cooling system for arrangement, and the technology is widely applied.
However, since the cooling liquid assisted heating method is limited in the temperature rise of the fuel cell, there is a problem in that the temperature rise of the fuel cell is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a loading method and a loading system for an electric load of a low-temperature cold-start fuel cell, which aim to solve or partially solve the technical problem of slow temperature rise of the fuel cell.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a loading method of an electric load for a low-temperature cold-start fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
determining a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, wherein the cold start requirement specifically comprises the following steps: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time;
if the fuel cell is at the working temperature, determining a variable current loading speed output by the fuel cell based on the cold start requirement and a target heating condition of the fuel cell; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell;
and loading an electric load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
Preferably, after the determining of the cold start requirement of the fuel cell, the method further includes:
determining heating information of auxiliary heating of the cooling liquid loop based on the cold start requirement and related parameters of the cooling liquid loop; the heating information comprises a first heating time;
and based on the heating information, heating the fuel cell by using the cooling liquid loop to heat the fuel cell to the working temperature.
Preferably, the determining the loading speed of the current output by the fuel cell based on the cold start requirement and the target heating condition of the fuel cell specifically includes:
determining a second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time;
the variable current loading speed is determined based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the determining the second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time specifically includes:
and determining a difference between the target heating time and the first heating time as the second heating time.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the determining the variable current loading speed based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell specifically includes:
determining a target loading current according to the target output power;
according to the relation
Figure BDA0003182046070000031
Determining the loading speed of the variable current; wherein k is i Loading speed, k for the variable current output when the fuel cell starts to start i+1 A variable current loading speed t for the output of the fuel cell after the start i Is k i Duration of loading, t i+1 Is k i+1 Duration of loading, I Target loading current Load current for target, t Second heating time For the second heating time, Q is the heating value of the fuel cell, and is related to the preset temperature T, and R is the electric load.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the determining the variable current loading speed based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell specifically includes:
and determining the variable current loading speed from a mapping relation based on the second heating time, the target output power and the preset temperature.
Preferably, the mapping relationship is obtained by the following way:
determining the simulated output power and the simulated heating time of the fuel cell according to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop;
controlling the loading speed of the current transformation of the fuel cell to load the power utilization load in the simulation heating time to obtain a simulation output voltage;
and coupling the simulation output voltage with the temperature of the fuel cell by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, and determining the current loading speed when the preset temperature is reached.
Preferably, the characteristic of the variable current loading speed includes one of the following:
the variable current loading speed does not change with time;
the variable current loading rate decreases with time,
the variable current loading rate increases with time.
The invention discloses an electric load loading system for a low-temperature cold start fuel cell, which comprises the following components:
the first determining module is configured to determine a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, where the cold start requirement is specifically: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time;
the second determining module is used for determining the variable current loading speed output when the fuel cell starts to start based on the cold start requirement and the target heating condition of the fuel cell if the fuel cell is at the working temperature; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell;
and the loading module is used for loading the electricity load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
Preferably, the system further comprises:
a third determining module, configured to determine heating information of auxiliary heating of the coolant loop based on the cold start requirement and related parameters of the coolant loop; the heating information comprises a first heating time;
the heating module is specifically configured to assist the fuel cell to heat by using the coolant loop based on the heating information, so that the fuel cell is heated to the operating temperature.
Preferably, the second determining module is specifically configured to:
determining a second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time;
the variable current loading speed is determined based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining a difference between the target heating time and the first heating time as the second heating time.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the second determining module is specifically configured to:
determining a target loading current according to the target output power;
according to the relation
Figure BDA0003182046070000041
Determining the loading speed of the variable current; wherein k is i Loading speed, k for the variable current output when the fuel cell starts to start i+1 A variable current loading speed t for the output of the fuel cell after the start i Is k i Duration of loading, t i+1 Is k i+1 Duration of loading, I Target loading current Load current for target, t Second heating time For the second heating time, Q is the heating value of the fuel cell, and is related to the preset temperature T, and R is the electric load.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the second determining module is specifically configured to:
and determining the variable current loading speed from a mapping relation based on the second heating time, the target output power and the preset temperature.
Preferably, the mapping relationship is obtained by the following way:
determining the simulated output power and the simulated heating time of the fuel cell according to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop;
controlling the loading speed of the current transformation of the fuel cell to load the power utilization load in the simulation heating time to obtain a simulation output voltage;
and coupling the simulation output voltage with the temperature of the fuel cell by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, and determining the current loading speed when the preset temperature is reached.
Preferably, the characteristic of the variable current loading speed includes one of the following:
the variable current loading speed does not change with time;
the variable current loading rate decreases with time,
the variable current loading rate increases with time.
The invention discloses a vehicle, wherein a fuel cell is used for realizing the steps of the method.
Through one or more technical schemes of the invention, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the invention discloses a loading method and a loading system for an electric load of a low-temperature cold start fuel cell, which are used for determining the cold start requirement of the fuel cell. If the fuel cell is at the working temperature, the fuel cell is heated once by adopting the cooling liquid in an auxiliary way, and the working temperature is that the fuel cell can work normally, but the temperature is still low, and in order to enable the fuel cell to heat up further quickly, the variable current loading speed output by the fuel cell is determined based on the cold start requirement, and the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell. Loading the electrical load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed can raise the temperature of the fuel cell. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fuel cell is heated to the working temperature by adopting the cooling liquid auxiliary heating mode, and the fuel cell is heated again by adopting the heating mode of loading the electric load in combination with the cold start requirement of the fuel cell, so that compared with the existing single cooling liquid auxiliary heating mode, the temperature of the fuel cell can be quickly raised, and an additional heating device is not adopted, so that the cost can be reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present invention in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a method for loading an electrical load for a low temperature cold start fuel cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic system diagram of a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3A-3C illustrate graphs of comparative results of three approaches according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a low temperature cold start fuel cell electrical load loading system according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to solve the technical problem of slow temperature rise of a fuel cell, the embodiment of the invention provides a low-temperature cold start fuel cell electricity load loading method and system. In the method, a cold start requirement of the fuel cell is determined. If the fuel cell is at the operating temperature, the fuel cell is heated once by the aid of the cooling liquid, and the fuel cell is at the operating temperature, the fuel cell can work normally, but the temperature is still low. The operating temperature may be dependent on the actual situation, for example, this embodiment sets it to 3 ℃. And to further rapidly warm up the fuel cell, determining a variable current loading rate of the fuel cell output based on the cold start requirement. And loading an electric load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fuel cell is heated to the working temperature by adopting the cooling liquid auxiliary heating mode, and then the fuel cell is quickly heated by adopting the heating mode of loading the electric load in combination with the cold start requirement of the fuel cell.
It is noted that the loading mode includes a constant current loading mode and a variable current loading mode. In the embodiment, a current-variable loading mode is adopted, the current change of the fuel cell is controlled by determining the current-variable loading speed output when the fuel cell starts to start, and then the power load is loaded, and compared with a constant current loading mode, the current-variable loading mode can enable the fuel cell to be heated rapidly.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention discloses a loading method for an electric load of a low-temperature cold-start fuel cell, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 101, determining a cold start requirement of the fuel cell.
The cold start requirement is specifically: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time. Therefore, parameters such as target heating time, target output power and the like can be extracted from the cold start requirement. The target heating time here refers to the total time from rest to start-up of the fuel cell, and since the present embodiment is divided into two parts for heating, the target heating time includes a first heating time required for the auxiliary heating of the coolant, and a second heating time for the heating up of the fuel cell by the load for loading the electric power.
Specifically, for the coolant-assisted heating, after a cold start requirement of the fuel cell is determined, heating information of the coolant-loop-assisted heating is determined based on the cold start requirement and related parameters of the coolant loop. And based on the heating information, the cooling liquid loop is used for assisting the fuel cell in heating so as to heat the fuel cell to the working temperature.
Wherein the relevant parameters of the cooling liquid loop include, but are not limited to: the average specific heat capacity of the fuel cell, the specific heat capacity of the coolant, the total mass of the fuel cell stack, the mass of the coolant, the cold start initial temperature, the peak power, and the like. The heating information includes a first heating time and the operating temperature. The first heating time is a time required for the coolant to assist in heating. The operating temperature is the minimum temperature required for the fuel cell to be able to operate properly.
And reference is made in particular to figure 2 with respect to the structure of the coolant circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system of a fuel cell employing a proton exchange membrane liquid cooled stack, the employed fuel cell system comprising a cathode loop, an anode loop, a coolant heating and heat dissipating loop, pure hydrogen being introduced to the anode, air being introduced to the cathode, a hydrogen circulation pump being provided on the anode loop, a cathode humidification device being provided on the cathode loop, the fuel cell being urged to operate normally by interaction of the anode loop and the cathode loop. In addition, be provided with the temperature-sensing valve on the coolant liquid return circuit for control fuel cell heats or dispels the heat, and heating branch road adopts on-vehicle PTC to provide the heat, and on-vehicle PTC is supplied power by power battery.
Therefore, according to the cold start requirement and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop, the first heating time required by the auxiliary heating of the cooling liquid loop is determined, and the auxiliary heating is implemented, so that the fuel cell is heated to the working temperature.
Step 102, if the fuel cell is at the working temperature, determining the variable current loading speed of the fuel cell output based on the cold start requirement and the target heating condition of the fuel cell.
Wherein the target heating conditions include: and the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature required to reach the target output power in the second heating time.
The variable current loading speed is used for controlling the change of the output current of the fuel cell, so that the temperature of the fuel cell is increased.
In a specific implementation, a second heating time is determined based on the target heating time and the first heating time. Specifically, a difference between the target heating time and the first heating time is determined as the second heating time. Further, the variable current loading speed is determined based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell.
And according to different preset temperatures in the target heating conditions, different current loading speeds can be determined for loading.
The characteristics of the variable current loading speed include one of the following: the variable current loading speed does not change with time; the variable current loading speed decreases with time; the variable current loading rate increases with time.
As an alternative embodiment, a target loading current is determined from the target output power.
According to the relation
Figure BDA0003182046070000091
Determining the loading speed of the variable current; wherein k is i Loading speed, k for the variable current output when the fuel cell starts to start i+1 A variable current loading speed t for the output of the fuel cell after the start i Is k i Duration of loading, t i+1 Is k i+1 Duration of loading, I Target loading current Load current for target, t Second heating time For the second heating time, Q is the heating value of the fuel cell, and is related to the preset temperature T, and R is the electric load.
Specifically, the above relation represents:the variable current loading speed is also constrained by the loading duration and the target loading current. The loading duration is constrained by the second heating time, and the variable current loading speed and loading duration are constrained by the heating value of the fuel cell. The heating value of the fuel cell can be obtained through a preset temperature, for example, the fuel can obtain the corresponding heating value from the corresponding relation between the heating value of the fuel cell and the preset temperature based on the preset temperature. Since the preset temperature is greatly influenced by the starting variable current loading speed k when the fuel cell starts to start, namely, at the initial stage of current loading i Influence. After the fuel cell is started, the current loading speed is properly increased in the initial stage of current loading, thereby being beneficial to the increase of the overall temperature of the fuel cell. Therefore, the present embodiment sets a relational expression of the heat generation amount, the variable current loading speed, and the time.
Further, the variable current loading speed has the above characteristics. If k is used i 、k i+1 For example, the following results are obtained: if the variable current loading speed does not change with time, k i =k i+1 . If the variable current loading rate decreases with time, k i >k i+1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The variable current loading speed increases with time, k i <k i+1 . What characteristics the variable current loading rate has depends on the preset temperature.
The variable current loading speed can be accurately obtained by combining various influencing factors related to the variable current loading speed, and the purpose of quickly heating the fuel cell is further achieved.
As an alternative embodiment, the variable current loading speed is determined from a mapping relationship based on the second heating time, the target output power, and the preset temperature.
Specifically, by setting a simulation scene identical to the actual scene of the fuel cell, a mapping relationship among the second heating time, the target output power, the preset temperature and the current loading speed is obtained through simulation, and in actual application, the current loading speed can be obtained according to the mapping relationship.
Further, the mapping relation is obtained by the following way:
determining the simulated output power and the simulated heating time of the fuel cell according to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop; specifically, the simulated output power and the simulated heating time are the same as the target output power and the second heating time. And the specific embodiment is the same as the embodiment for determining the second heating time, so that the description thereof will not be repeated here.
And controlling the loading speed of the current transformation of the fuel cell in the simulation heating time to load the power utilization load, so as to obtain the simulation output voltage.
And coupling the simulation output voltage with the temperature of the fuel cell by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, and determining the current loading speed when the preset temperature is reached.
In the implementation process of the invention, the simulink simulation software can be adopted to implement the process. The software is provided with a fuel cell external characteristic curve module and a fuel cell temperature characteristic module. The external characteristic curve module is used for calculating the simulation output voltage corresponding to the power load, and the temperature characteristic module is used for monitoring the temperature change of the fuel cell stack under the changed load current. The mutual coupling between the two modules, i.e. the fuel cell temperature, affects the simulated output voltage, which in turn affects the fuel cell temperature by affecting the self-generated power of the fuel cell. And debugging the simulation output power by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, so that the relation between the preset temperature and the loading speed of the current transformer can be obtained.
For example, in the simulation process, the fuel cell system shown in fig. 2 is adopted first, the fuel cell is assisted by the cooling liquid to heat, the fuel cell is heated to the normal working temperature range, the temperature of 3 ℃ is adopted, and the heat required by the heating of the cooling liquid is from the vehicle-mounted PTC. After the electric pile is heated to the normal working temperature, the electric end load is started to be applied, and the temperature of the electric pile is gradually increased by utilizing the self-generated heat of the electric pile.
Further, the invention adopts 300 proton exchange membrane liquid cooling stacks, the bipolar plate is a graphite bipolar plate, the cooling liquid is glycol solution, and the rated output power of the fuel cell is 68kW. The average specific heat capacity of the fuel cell is 0.82 kJ/(kg.K), the specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid is 3.165 kJ/(kg.K), the total mass of the fuel cell stack is about 30kg, the mass of glycol liquid in a stack heat dissipation flow channel is about 5.42kg, the required heat for heating to the normal working temperature of 3 ℃ is 960kJ if the initial cold start temperature is-20 ℃, and the required heating time is 96s if a PTC heater with the peak power of 10kW is adopted. Considering that the cooling liquid is circulated in the pile heat dissipation flow channel for a certain time, the whole heating process lasts for 2min. The simulated heating time of the fuel cell is 1min.
According to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell, the rated output power of the fuel cell reaches 25% (namely 17 kW) within 3min, and the output power reaches 17kW within 1min after the fuel cell is started except for the time of the auxiliary heating of the cooling liquid.
In the process of coupling by using this as the monitoring result, referring specifically to fig. 3A-3C, three different current loading modes may be used for coupling: mode 1: the current was continuously increased at a variable current loading rate of 1.4A/s. Mode 2: the current loading speed of (a) is changed from 1.0A/s to 1.8A/s (of course, 1.0A/s, 1.4A/s, 1.8A/s, etc. can also be gradually increased). Mode 3: the slope of the current is changed from 1.8A/s to 1.0A/s (of course, 1.8A/s, 1.4A/s, 1.0A/s, etc. may be gradually decreased).
The simulation output power monitoring shows that: the loading current after 60s was 84A (corresponding current density was 0.24A/cm) 2 ) And the output power of the fuel cell reaches 17kW within 1min after the fuel cell is started.
And loading in a mode 1, wherein the overall temperature of the fuel cell is 25.25 ℃ after 60 s; loading in the mode 2, wherein the overall temperature of the fuel cell is 21.95 ℃ after 60 s; the loading was performed in mode 3 and the overall temperature of the fuel cell after 60s was 28.75 ℃.
Therefore, if the preset temperature is 25.25 ℃, the loading speed of the coupled current is the parameter in the mode 1. If the preset temperature is 21.95 ℃, the loading speed of the coupled variable current is the parameter in the mode 2. If the preset temperature is 28.75 ℃, the loading speed of the coupled variable current is the parameter in the mode 3.
From the results, it was determined that all three modes were able to raise the temperature of the fuel cell as a whole within 1min. Further, it is understood that the entire fuel cell can be warmed up and heated up more quickly by appropriately increasing the variable current loading rate at the initial stage of current loading after the fuel cell is started and by decreasing the variable current loading rate thereafter. Therefore, if the target heating condition is to quickly raise the temperature of the fuel cell to a high temperature, that is, the preset temperature value is high, the loading of the electric load can be performed in the mode 3.
Further, the variable current loading speed is determined, and the mapping relation is determined. Therefore, in practical application, the corresponding current loading speed can be determined according to the practical related parameter value and the mapping relation. And different target heating conditions correspond to different variable current loading speeds and loading characteristics.
And step 103, loading the electricity load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
Through the one or more embodiments, the corresponding variable current loading speed can be determined to load the electric load according to the cold start requirement and the target heating condition of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell can be quickly heated after loading.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following embodiments describe a low temperature cold start fuel cell power load loading system, referring to fig. 4, comprising:
a first determining module 401, configured to determine a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, where the cold start requirement is specifically: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time;
a second determining module 402, configured to determine, based on the cold start requirement, a variable current loading speed output when the fuel cell starts to start if the fuel cell is at an operating temperature; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell;
and a loading module 403, configured to load an electrical load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
Preferably, the system further comprises:
a third determining module, configured to determine heating information of auxiliary heating of the coolant loop based on the cold start requirement and related parameters of the coolant loop; the heating information comprises a first heating time;
the heating module is specifically configured to assist the fuel cell to heat by using the coolant loop based on the heating information, so that the fuel cell is heated to the operating temperature.
Preferably, the second determining module 402 is specifically configured to:
determining a second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time;
the variable current loading speed is determined based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the second determining module 402 is specifically configured to:
and determining a difference between the target heating time and the first heating time as the second heating time.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the second determining module 402 is specifically configured to:
determining a target loading current according to the target output power;
according to the relation
Figure BDA0003182046070000131
Determining the loading speed of the variable current; wherein k is i Loading speed, k for the variable current output when the fuel cell starts to start i+1 A variable current loading speed t for the output of the fuel cell after the start i Is k i Duration of loading, t i+1 Is k i+1 Duration of loading, I Target loading current Load current for target, t Second heating time Is the firstAnd the second heating time, Q is the heating value of the fuel cell, is related to the preset temperature T, and R is the electricity load.
Preferably, the target heating condition includes: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the second determining module 402 is specifically configured to:
and determining the variable current loading speed from a mapping relation based on the second heating time, the target output power and the preset temperature.
Preferably, the mapping relationship is obtained by the following way:
determining the simulated output power and the simulated heating time of the fuel cell according to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop;
controlling the loading speed of the current transformation of the fuel cell to load the power utilization load in the simulation heating time to obtain a simulation output voltage;
and coupling the simulation output voltage with the temperature of the fuel cell by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, and determining the current loading speed when the preset temperature is reached.
Preferably, the characteristic of the variable current loading speed includes one of the following:
the variable current loading speed does not change with time;
the variable current loading rate decreases with time,
the variable current loading rate increases with time.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following embodiments describe a vehicle in which a fuel cell is used to implement the steps of the method embodiments described above.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A method for loading an electrical load for a low temperature cold start fuel cell, the method comprising:
determining a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, wherein the cold start requirement specifically comprises the following steps: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time;
if the fuel cell is at the working temperature, determining the variable current loading speed of the fuel cell output based on the cold start requirement and the target heating condition of the fuel cell specifically comprises: determining a second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time; determining the variable current loading speed based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell; wherein the target heating conditions include: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time; at this time, determining the variable current loading speed from a mapping relation based on the second heating time, the target output power and the preset temperature; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell; the mapping relation is obtained by setting a simulation scene which is the same as the actual scene of the fuel cell;
and loading an electric load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the determining the cold start requirement of the fuel cell, the method further comprises:
determining heating information of auxiliary heating of the cooling liquid loop based on the cold start requirement and related parameters of the cooling liquid loop; the heating information comprises a first heating time; wherein the relevant parameters of the cooling liquid loop comprise: average specific heat capacity of the fuel cell, specific heat capacity of the cooling liquid, total mass of the fuel cell stack, mass of the cooling liquid, cold start initial temperature, peak power;
and based on the heating information, heating the fuel cell by using the cooling liquid loop to heat the fuel cell to the working temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining a second heating time based on said target heating time and said first heating time, comprises:
and determining a difference between the target heating time and the first heating time as the second heating time.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the target heating conditions comprise: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time;
the determining the variable current loading speed based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell specifically includes:
determining a target loading current according to the target output power;
according to the relation
Figure QLYQS_1
Determining the loading speed of the variable current; wherein (1)>
Figure QLYQS_3
Loading speed of the variable current output when the fuel cell starts to start, +.>
Figure QLYQS_4
A variable current charging speed for the output after the start-up of the fuel cell,/->
Figure QLYQS_5
Is->
Figure QLYQS_6
Duration of loading->
Figure QLYQS_7
Is->
Figure QLYQS_9
Duration of loading->
Figure QLYQS_2
The current is applied to the target to be charged,
Figure QLYQS_8
for the second heating time, +.>
Figure QLYQS_10
Heating value of fuel cell, related to preset temperature T, < >>
Figure QLYQS_11
Is an electric load.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the mapping is obtained by:
determining the simulated output power and the simulated heating time of the fuel cell according to the cold start requirement of the fuel cell and the related parameters of the cooling liquid loop;
controlling the loading speed of the current transformation of the fuel cell to load the power utilization load in the simulation heating time to obtain a simulation output voltage;
and coupling the simulation output voltage with the temperature of the fuel cell by using the simulation output power as a monitoring result, and determining the current loading speed when the preset temperature is reached.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein the characteristic of the variable current loading rate comprises one of:
the variable current loading speed does not change with time;
the variable current loading rate decreases with time,
the variable current loading rate increases with time.
7. A low temperature cold start fuel cell electrical load loading system comprising:
the first determining module is configured to determine a cold start requirement of the fuel cell, where the cold start requirement is specifically: the fuel cell reaches a target output power within a target heating time;
the second determining module is configured to determine, if the fuel cell is at a working temperature, a variable current loading speed output when the fuel cell starts to start based on the cold start requirement and a target heating condition of the fuel cell, and specifically includes: determining a second heating time according to the target heating time and the first heating time; determining the variable current loading speed based on the second heating time, the target output power, and a target heating condition of the fuel cell; wherein the target heating conditions include: the fuel cell reaches a preset temperature generated when the target output power is reached in the second heating time; at this time, determining the variable current loading speed from a mapping relation based on the second heating time, the target output power and the preset temperature; the variable current loading speed is used for increasing the temperature of the fuel cell; the mapping relation is obtained by setting a simulation scene which is the same as the actual scene of the fuel cell;
and the loading module is used for loading the electricity load of the fuel cell based on the variable current loading speed.
8. A vehicle, characterized in that a fuel cell in the vehicle is used for carrying out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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