CN113740684B - Adjustable capacitance matrix device, standard impact current test device and test method - Google Patents
Adjustable capacitance matrix device, standard impact current test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable capacitance matrix device, a standard impact current test device and a test method, which relate to the technical field of grounding test and have the technical scheme that: the device comprises parallel units, wherein each parallel unit is provided with a plurality of independent discharge units; the independent discharging unit comprises a first charging resistor, a second charging resistor, a capacitor, a connecting bracket, a high-voltage bus bar, a low-voltage bus bar and two discharging balls; the first charging resistors in the adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then connected with the power supply end, and the second charging resistors in the adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then grounded; one end of the capacitor is connected with one end of the first charging resistor, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with one end of the second charging resistor; both ends of the capacitor are connected with multi-terminal metal connecting arms; the invention adjusts the output waveform under the condition of realizing the minimum loss current peak value by adjusting the capacitance value of the impulse discharge loop, and solves the problem that the standard impulse large current is difficult to output in the engineering field measurement implementation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grounding test, in particular to an adjustable capacitance matrix device, a standard impact current test device and a test method.
Background
The grounding device is an important infrastructure for lightning protection of the power system and providing a grounding potential, and the impact and current dispersion performance of the grounding device directly affects the safe and stable operation of the power transmission system. At present, the engineering practice has few test applications about the impact performance of the grounding system, and most of the engineering practice adopts the equivalent impact grounding resistance of the product of the power frequency grounding resistance and the impact coefficient. However, the equivalent result has a larger difference from the actual impact grounding resistance value, and the requirement of gradually improving the grounding performance in engineering is difficult to meet.
The impact high current is used as an excitation source, so that the impact current dispersion performance of the grounding system can be reflected more truly. However, the large-impact current generator used for the actual grounding device is large in size, difficult to move and difficult to transport to the vicinity of the tower grounding device at a remote place. Meanwhile, the engineering grounding device is actually measured, a return electrode is required to be arranged at the far end, the loop impedance is increased by the inductance generated by the return wire, so that the impact large current is more difficult to generate, the current peak value is increased by increasing the impact capacitance capacity, and the volume and the weight of the equipment are further increased. In order to make the test results of different objects and devices have uniform measurement standards, in the grounding test, waveform parameters (wave head, wave tail time and anti-peak) of the impact current are required to meet the standard impact current waveform requirement. But the waveform parameters are affected by a number of factors. The standard impulse current waveform needs to satisfy specific mapping relation of capacitance, inductance and resistance values in the loop, and different grounding devices have different grounding resistances, and the positions of the reflux poles corresponding to the grounding devices with different sizes and shapes are also different, and loop impedance brought by the reflux leads is also different. Meanwhile, the factors are very difficult to change in field measurement, if the resistance-capacitance relationship is matched only by adding impedance, the peak value of the impact current can be greatly reduced, and the significance of impact performance test is lost.
Therefore, how to research and design an adjustable capacitance matrix device, a standard impact current test device and a test method is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an adjustable capacitance matrix device, a standard impact current test device and a test method, wherein the method for matching loop parameters is achieved by a variable capacitance value mode, and the modular impact current generator device and a capacitance matching control system are adopted, so that the adjustable capacitance matrix device is convenient to carry and can be suitable for field actual measurement of a seed grounding system.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an adjustable capacitive matrix device is provided, comprising at least one parallel unit, each parallel unit being provided with a plurality of independent discharge units;
the independent discharging unit comprises a first charging resistor, a second charging resistor, a capacitor, a connecting bracket, a high-voltage bus bar, a low-voltage bus bar and two discharging balls distributed in a gap manner;
the first charging resistors in the adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then connected with the power supply end, and the second charging resistors in the adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then grounded;
one end of the capacitor is connected with one end of the first charging resistor, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with one end of the second charging resistor; both ends of the capacitor are connected with multi-terminal metal connecting arms through wires;
when two multi-terminal metal connecting arms are respectively connected with two discharge balls, two adjacent independent discharge units are connected in series; when the two multi-terminal metal connecting arms are respectively connected with the high-voltage bus bar and the low-voltage bus bar, two adjacent independent discharging units are connected in parallel.
Further, the capacitor is a dry capacitor.
Further, the connecting bracket is provided with a mechanical linkage transmission device, and the mechanical linkage transmission device responds to the first control signal and then controls the corresponding multi-end metal connecting arm to make corresponding connecting action.
Further, the mechanical linkage transmission device responds to the second control signal and then controls the corresponding two discharging balls to move towards or away from each other so as to match the charging voltage of the corresponding capacitor by adjusting the ball gap spacing.
Furthermore, the independent discharging units are integrated in a stacking and building mode, and connecting wires of the first charging resistor, the second charging resistor, the capacitor, the high-voltage bus bar and the low-voltage bus bar are all distributed in a fixed and integrated mode.
In a second aspect, a standard impact current test device actually measured on site of a plurality of grounding systems is provided, including a control module, a charging module, an energy storage module, a capacitance matrix module and a wave-adjusting module, wherein the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave-adjusting module are all electrically connected with the control module, and the capacitance matrix module is the adjustable capacitance matrix device according to any one of the first aspects;
the control module is used for generating a starting signal, a first control signal and a wave regulating signal according to the input regulation and control information;
the charging module is used for rectifying and boosting the output voltage of the energy storage module after responding to the starting signal and outputting standard voltage;
the capacitor matrix module is used for responding to the first control signal and then adjusting the parallel group number of the parallel units in the capacitor matrix and the serial-parallel number of the independent discharge units in the same parallel unit;
and the wave adjusting module is used for adjusting the wave adjusting inductance and the wave adjusting resistance after responding to the wave adjusting signal so that the current wave output by the capacitance matrix module accords with the standard impulse current wave.
Furthermore, the control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are all in an integrated design, all modules are connected through at least one integrated cable, and joints among the modules are in conversion connection in a multi-pinhole matrix mode.
Further, the submodules in the control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are inserted into the matched integrated frame to form a submodule stack, and the energy and the data of each submodule are mutually transmitted after being connected through the inserting buckle of the integrated frame.
In a third aspect, there is provided a method of testing standard inrush current in field measurements of a plurality of grounding systems, comprising the steps of:
calculating inductance and resistance in the loop according to the grounding resistance and the length of the return conductor;
combining the required impulse current peak value with inductance and resistance values in a loop to calculate an optimally-adapted impulse capacitance value and capacitance;
according to the calculated impulse capacitance value and capacitance capacity, the parallel group number of parallel units in the adjustable capacitance matrix device and the serial-parallel number of independent discharge units in the same parallel unit are adjusted to realize the adjustment of the capacitance value and the capacitance capacity of the impulse current generator.
Further, the optimal adaptation calculation of the impulse capacitance value and the capacitance capacity is specifically: on the basis of outputting standard impulse current waveform, the wave-regulating inductance required to be added in the loop is zero or minimum, and the added wave-regulating resistance is minimum; the maximum peak value of the output impact current is ensured under the condition of a certain capacity impact capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the adjustable capacitance matrix device provided by the invention can flexibly increase and decrease the capacitance quantity to change the capacitance capacity of the discharge loop, achieves the purpose of precisely matching loop parameters in a mode of variable capacitance value, meets the capacity requirement of special conditions, and has the characteristics of strong flexibility, wide application range and the like;
2. according to the invention, the output waveform can be regulated under the condition of realizing the minimum loss current peak value by regulating the capacitance value of the impulse discharge loop, so that the requirement of the standard impulse waveform is met, and the problem that the standard impulse large current is difficult to output in the engineering field measurement implementation process is solved;
3. the invention can analyze the discharge parameters and automatically calculate the optimal capacitance matrix configuration scheme, and input the requirements of the length of the return wire, the grounding resistance and the required peak value of the impulse current, so that the most conveniently realized capacitance matrix configuration scheme, such as row and column numbers, the distance from the grounding grid and the optimal wave-regulating impedance parameter, can be given; meanwhile, control signals of the capacitor matrix configuration scheme are transmitted to the capacitor matrix base through optical fibers, a mechanical transmission device in the capacitor matrix base is controlled to automatically adjust the distance between the discharge ball gaps, and multi-end metal connecting arms on the connecting end are controlled to act, so that the whole process is automatically and remotely controlled.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an independent discharge unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a capacitive matrix in series-parallel mode in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a capacitive matrix parallel-parallel mode in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a system block diagram in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a capacitive matrix for impact property testing in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
101. a housing; 102. a first charging resistor; 103. a second charging resistor; 104. a capacitor; 105. a connecting bracket; 106. a discharge ball; 107. a multi-terminal metal connection arm; 108. a low-voltage busbar; 109. high voltage bus bar.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Example 1: the adjustable capacitance matrix device, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises at least one parallel unit, and each parallel unit is provided with a plurality of independent discharge units. The independent discharging unit comprises a first charging resistor 102, a second charging resistor 103, a capacitor 104, a connecting bracket 105, a high-voltage bus bar 109, a low-voltage bus bar 108 and two discharging balls 106 distributed in a gap.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first charging resistors 102 in adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then connected to the power supply terminal, and the second charging resistors 103 in adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then grounded. One end of the capacitor 104 is connected to one end of the first charging resistor 102, and the other end is connected to one end of the second charging resistor 103; each capacitor 104 is provided with an independent controllable electric trigger discharge ball 106 gap and a connecting end, and the connecting end is provided with a multi-end metal connecting arm 107, so that a serial-parallel connection mode of different capacitors 104 can be realized, and the capacitors are fixed into a standard small unit by a connecting bracket 105.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when two multi-terminal metal connection arms 107 are respectively connected to two discharge balls 106, two adjacent independent discharge cells are connected in series. When the two multi-terminal metal connection arms 107 are respectively connected with the high-voltage bus bar 109 and the low-voltage bus bar 108, two adjacent independent discharging units are connected in parallel.
The capacitor 104 employs a dry capacitor 104 to reduce the weight and volume of the apparatus, with each individual discharge unit weighing 30kg, to ensure the possibility of human installation in the field.
The connection bracket 105 is provided with a mechanical linkage transmission device which responds to the first control signal and controls the corresponding multi-terminal metal connection arm 107 to perform corresponding connection action so as to realize mechanical transmission of connection among a plurality of units.
The mechanical linkage transmission device responds to the second control signal and then controls the corresponding two discharging balls 106 to move oppositely or back to match the charging voltage of the corresponding capacitor 104 by adjusting the ball gap spacing, so that the control signal input of the discharging balls 106 gap and the mechanical transmission of the ball gap spacing adjustment can be realized.
The independent discharging units are integrated in a stacked and built mode, and connecting wires of the first charging resistor 102, the second charging resistor 103, the capacitor 104, the high-voltage bus bar 109 and the low-voltage bus bar 108 are all distributed in a fixed and integrated mode.
The independent discharge units can be stacked and built, and are matched with signal input and a mechanical linkage transmission device to construct a capacitance matrix. The rows and columns of the independent discharge units in the capacitor matrix can be changed according to the situation, so that the rapid manual assembly of a plurality of capacitors 104 on the working site in any series and parallel working mode can be realized.
It should be noted that, the mechanical linkage transmission device includes both a switch driving function and a distance adjusting function, and can be designed in an integrated manner through the existing functions. In addition, the individual discharge cells are individually packaged in one case 101.
Example 2: the standard impact current test device actually measured on site of various grounding systems is shown in fig. 4, and comprises a control module, a charging module, an energy storage module, a capacitance matrix module and a wave modulation module, wherein the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave modulation module are all electrically connected with the control module, and the capacitance matrix module is the adjustable capacitance matrix device described in the embodiment 1.
The control module is used for generating a starting signal, a first control signal, a second control signal and a wave regulating signal according to the input regulation and control information. And the charging module is used for rectifying and boosting the output voltage of the energy storage module after responding to the starting signal and outputting standard voltage. And the capacitor matrix module is used for responding to the first control signal and then adjusting the parallel group number of the parallel units in the capacitor matrix and the serial-parallel number of the independent discharge units in the same parallel unit. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the wave adjusting module is used for adjusting the wave adjusting inductance and the wave adjusting resistance after responding to the wave adjusting signal so that the current wave output by the capacitance matrix module accords with the standard impulse current wave.
The control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are all in an integrated design, all modules are connected through an integrated cable, and joints among the modules are in conversion connection in a multi-pinhole matrix mode. Integrates various input and output signals. The modules are assembled and disassembled by one key, so that the modules are convenient to disassemble and transport and are assembled and used on site.
The sub-modules in the control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are inserted into the matched integrated frame to form a sub-module stack, and the energy and the data of each sub-module are mutually transmitted after being connected through the eye-splice of the integrated frame. For example, the eye-splice is similar to a fixed mobile phone charging interface or a computer power connector, and the design is convenient for reducing the volume and the weight of the minimum detachable module and is convenient for field transportation and carrying. The integrated eye-splice connection is easy for on-site rapid assembly of the impulse current generator.
Example 3: the standard impact current test method for the ground system field actual measurement is shown in fig. 5, and comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating inductance and resistance in the loop according to the grounding resistance and the length of the return conductor;
s2: combining the required impulse current peak value with inductance and resistance values in a loop to calculate an optimally-adapted impulse capacitance value and capacitance;
s3: the number of parallel groups of parallel units in the adjustable capacitance matrix device as described in example 1 and the number of serial-parallel connection of individual discharge units in the same parallel unit are adjusted according to the calculated impulse capacitance value and capacitance capacity, so as to realize the adjustment of the capacitance value and capacity of the impulse current generator.
The optimal adaptation calculation of the impulse capacitance value and the capacitance capacity is specifically as follows: on the basis of outputting standard impulse current waveform, the wave-regulating inductance required to be added in the loop is zero or minimum, and the added wave-regulating resistance is minimum; the maximum peak value of the output impact current is ensured under the condition of a certain capacity impact capacitor.
Example 4: taking the impact characteristic test of the grounding device of the pole tower as an example.
The known tower grounding device has an effective diameter of 20 meters, an impact grounding resistance of 3 omega and a total loop resistance of about 30 omega. The required waveform of the impact current is 8/20 (+ -10%) mu s, and the peak value of the impact current is required to be more than 10kA. The individual capacitor 104 cells were 100kv,1 uf.
The results show that: the impact current generator can effectively measure the impact characteristic of the grounding device from the grounding device 50m, the loop inductance is about 50 mu H, and the loop inductance is matched with an adjustable wave inductance of about 90 mu H. The parameter requirements can be met by constructing a capacitance matrix of 0.6 mu F and 500 kV.
As shown in fig. 6, the capacitor matrix adopts 15 independent discharge units, wherein each 5 stages are connected in series to form 1 group, and 3 groups are connected in parallel, namely, a matrix structure of 5 rows and 3 columns, wherein the rows are connected in series, and the columns are connected in parallel. The capacitance matrix at this time exhibits a capacitance parameter of 0.6 muF, 500 kV. In accordance with the loop resistance of 30Ω at this time, the loop inductance of 140 μh, the output current was a rush current wave of about 12 kA.
Working principle: the invention can analyze the discharge parameters and automatically calculate the optimal capacitance matrix configuration scheme, and input the requirements of the length of the return wire, the grounding resistance and the required peak value of the impulse current, so that the most conveniently realized capacitance matrix configuration scheme, such as row and column numbers, the distance from the grounding grid and the optimal wave-regulating impedance parameter, can be given; meanwhile, control signals of the capacitor matrix configuration scheme are transmitted to the capacitor matrix base through optical fibers, a mechanical transmission device in the capacitor matrix base is controlled to automatically adjust the gap spacing of the discharge balls 106, and multi-end metal connecting arms 107 on the connecting end are controlled to act, so that the whole process is automatically and remotely controlled.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The adjustable capacitance matrix device is characterized by comprising at least one parallel unit, wherein each parallel unit is provided with a plurality of independent discharge units;
the independent discharging unit comprises a first charging resistor (102), a second charging resistor (103), a capacitor (104), a connecting bracket (105), a high-voltage bus bar (109), a low-voltage bus bar (108) and two discharging balls (106) distributed in a gap;
the first charging resistors (102) in adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then connected with a power supply end, and the second charging resistors (103) in adjacent independent discharge units are sequentially connected in series and then grounded;
one end of the capacitor (104) is connected with one end of the first charging resistor (102), and the other end of the capacitor is connected with one end of the second charging resistor (103); both ends of the capacitor (104) are connected with a multi-terminal metal connecting arm (107) through wires;
when two multi-terminal metal connecting arms (107) are respectively connected with two discharge balls (106), two adjacent independent discharge units are connected in series; when the two multi-terminal metal connecting arms (107) are respectively connected with the high-voltage bus bar (109) and the low-voltage bus bar (108), two adjacent independent discharging units are connected in parallel.
2. The tunable capacitance matrix arrangement of claim 1, wherein the capacitor (104) is a dry capacitor (104).
3. The adjustable capacitive matrix apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connection bracket (105) is provided with a mechanical linkage transmission device, and the mechanical linkage transmission device controls the corresponding multi-terminal metal connection arm (107) to perform the corresponding connection action in response to the first control signal.
4. A tunable capacitive matrix device according to claim 3, wherein the mechanical linkage actuator is responsive to a second control signal to control the respective two discharge balls (106) to move towards or away from each other to match the charging voltage of the respective capacitor (104) by adjusting the ball gap spacing.
5. The adjustable capacitance matrix device according to claim 1, wherein the independent discharging units are integrated in a stacked and built manner, and connection wires of the first charging resistor (102), the second charging resistor (103), the capacitor (104), the high-voltage bus bar (109) and the low-voltage bus bar (108) are all arranged in a fixed and integrated manner.
6. The standard impact current test device for the on-site actual measurement of various grounding systems is characterized by comprising a control module, a charging module, an energy storage module, a capacitance matrix module and a wave modulation module, wherein the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave modulation module are all electrically connected with the control module, and the capacitance matrix module is the adjustable capacitance matrix device according to any one of claims 1-5;
the control module is used for generating a starting signal, a first control signal and a wave regulating signal according to the input regulation and control information;
the charging module is used for rectifying and boosting the output voltage of the energy storage module after responding to the starting signal and outputting standard voltage;
the capacitor matrix module is used for responding to the first control signal and then adjusting the parallel group number of the parallel units in the capacitor matrix and the serial-parallel number of the independent discharge units in the same parallel unit;
and the wave adjusting module is used for adjusting the wave adjusting inductance and the wave adjusting resistance after responding to the wave adjusting signal so that the current wave output by the capacitance matrix module accords with the standard impulse current wave.
7. The standard impact current test device for on-site actual measurement of various grounding systems according to claim 6, wherein the control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are all in an integrated design, the modules are connected through at least one integrated cable, and the joints among the modules are in conversion connection in a multi-pinhole matrix mode.
8. The device for testing the standard impact current actually measured on site of the multiple grounding systems according to claim 6, wherein the submodules in the control module, the charging module, the energy storage module, the capacitance matrix module and the wave regulating module are inserted into the matched integrated frame to form a submodule stack, and the energy and the data of each submodule are mutually transmitted after being connected through the inserting buckle of the integrated frame.
9. The standard impact current test method for the on-site actual measurement of various grounding systems is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating inductance and resistance in the loop according to the grounding resistance and the length of the return conductor;
combining the required impulse current peak value with inductance and resistance values in a loop to calculate an optimally-adapted impulse capacitance value and capacitance;
according to the calculated impulse capacitance value and capacitance capacity, the parallel group number of parallel units in the adjustable capacitance matrix device and the serial-parallel number of independent discharge units in the same parallel unit are adjusted to realize the adjustment of the capacitance value and the capacitance capacity of the impulse current generator.
10. The method for testing the standard impact current actually measured on site of the multiple grounding systems according to claim 9, wherein the calculation of the optimal adaptation of the impact capacitance value and the capacitance capacity is specifically as follows: on the basis of outputting standard impulse current waveform, the wave-regulating inductance required to be added in the loop is zero or minimum, and the added wave-regulating resistance is minimum; the maximum peak value of the output impact current is ensured under the condition of a certain capacity impact capacitor.
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