CN113740605B - Impedance frequency characteristic measuring device and method of capillary model under alternating current electric field - Google Patents
Impedance frequency characteristic measuring device and method of capillary model under alternating current electric field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impedance frequency characteristic measuring device and method of a capillary tube model under an alternating current electric field, wherein a capillary tube made of quartz glass is used for replacing a soil macropore; and (3) preparing an ionic solution to replace soil pore water to fill the capillary, and eliminating the interference and influence of air on the experiment. The noninductive sampling resistor is connected in series in the whole circuit and used for measuring voltage waveform, and current waveform passing through the capillary model is obtained through calculation. And measuring the voltage waveforms at two ends of the pore model by adopting a four-electrode method. The black end of the probe for measuring the voltage and the current is connected with the same node of the experimental circuit, so that the accuracy of the impedance angle is ensured. The small-amplitude electric signal is used as a disturbance source, so that the applied electric signal is prevented from having large influence on the whole experimental circuit. In the experiment, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source with an effective value of 1-20V is used as an excitation source of the circuit, a frequency characteristic experiment is carried out on the soil pore model within the range of 0.02kHz-350kHz, and experimental data are processed to obtain the change rule of the impedance modulus and the phase.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power system grounding safety, in particular to a device and a method for measuring impedance frequency characteristics of a capillary tube model in an alternating current electric field.
Background
Grounding is the key to the operation of the power system, lightning protection and worker safety assurance, while the soil impedance characteristics are the determining factors for its performance. Electromigration of ions in the soil pore water is a key element of its impedance characteristics, and pores are also the main channels for controlling migration of water, characteristic ions and air in the soil. Most of the surface of the soil pores and the silicon hydroxyl groups dissociated from the capillaries of the quartz glass material are electronegative, so that the soil pores have a capillary effect. As the current passing through the earth screen and the frequency components of the current show a tendency to diversify, it is necessary to study the frequency impedance characteristics of the pore water solution in the soil pores at a plurality of frequencies. The existing measuring method is difficult to measure the change rule of the electrical parameters of the actual soil under the influence of frequency in a short time, and is more difficult to measure the change rule in a high frequency. Meanwhile, the existing measuring method needs an alternating current excitation source with a large effective value, and can generate large influence on the whole system of soil pores. Because the measuring circuit has contact resistance and wire resistance, the order of magnitude of the contact resistance and the wire resistance is sometimes the same as that of the measured impedance parameter, so that the dipolar method used in the existing measuring method can cause great influence on the measured data and sometimes even distort the measuring result.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the impedance frequency characteristic of a capillary model under an alternating current electric field, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for measuring impedance frequency characteristics of a capillary model in an alternating electric field, comprising: the device comprises a quartz glass capillary tube 1, an ionic solution pool 2, a stainless steel wire net 3, a stainless steel plate 4, a current limiting resistor 5, a non-inductive sampling resistor 6, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7 and an oscilloscope 8;
the two ionic solution pools 2 are provided, the adjacent side walls between the two ionic solution pools 2 are connected through 12 long quartz glass capillaries 1, the quartz glass capillaries 1 can penetrate through the side walls to be communicated with the inside of the ionic solution pools 2, and the 12 long quartz glass capillaries 1 are bonded together in parallel;
the ionic solution pool 2 is made of an insulating acrylic material;
a stainless steel wire net 3 is arranged on the inner wall of the ionic solution pool 2 contacting the quartz glass capillary 1, a stainless steel plate 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the ionic solution pool 2 opposite to the stainless steel wire net 3, the stainless steel plate 4 is used as a conductive electrode, and the stainless steel wire net 3 is used as a measuring electrode;
one end of a current limiting resistor 5 is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool 2 on the left side of the quartz glass capillary 1, and the other end of the current limiting resistor 5 is connected with an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7;
one end of the non-inductive sampling resistor 6 is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool 2 on the right side of the quartz glass capillary tube 1, and the other end of the non-inductive sampling resistor is connected with the other end of the alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7;
the alternating-current variable-frequency voltage source 7 provides stable voltage excitation with different frequencies for the whole circuit;
the oscilloscope 8 is provided with two voltage probes, namely a voltage probe A9 and a voltage probe B10, wherein the two ends of the voltage probe A9 are respectively connected with the measuring electrodes in the two ionic solution pools 2 and used for measuring the voltage waveforms at the two ends of the capillary;
the two ends of the voltage probe B10 are connected with the two ends of the non-inductive sampling resistor 6 and are used for voltage waveform of the non-inductive sampling resistor; the black ends of the voltage probe A9 and the voltage probe B10 are connected to the same node of the circuit, so that the accuracy of the impedance angle is ensured.
Further, the size of the ionic solution cell 2 was 10cm × 10cm × 10 cm.
Furthermore, the areas of the stainless steel wire net 3 and the stainless steel plate 4 are both 10cm multiplied by 8cm, and the long sides of the stainless steel wire net are parallel to the height of the inner wall of the solution pool; the stainless steel wire net is tightly attached to the quartz glass capillary tube 1, the stainless steel plate 4 is arranged in the ionic solution pool 2 and is parallel to the stainless steel wire net 3, and the distance between the stainless steel wire net and the stainless steel wire net 3 is 8 cm.
The invention also discloses a method for measuring the impedance frequency characteristic of the capillary model under the alternating current electric field, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: NaCl solution with the concentration of 1mol/L is prepared as pore water and poured into the ionic solution pool 2; the solution in the ionic solution pool 2 also submerges the orifice of the quartz glass capillary tube 1 and fills all the quartz glass capillary tubes 1, so that no bubbles and no air exist in the quartz glass capillary tubes 1 to avoid the influence of the air on the experimental result;
step 2: firstly, measuring the resistance value of the non-inductive sampling resistor 6 by using a universal meter to confirm that the non-inductive sampling resistor is not damaged, and connecting a measuring device;
and step 3: in the experiment, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7 with an effective value of 1-20V is used as an excitation source of the circuit, and the frequency of the alternating current variable frequency voltage source is adjusted from small to large within the range of 0.02kHz-350kHz to sequentially measure the voltage at two ends of the quartz glass capillary tube 1 and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor at each frequency and the phase angle of two voltage waveforms; when the frequency is adjusted, the small interval is adjusted first, and then the large interval is adjusted;
and 4, step 4: calculating the current modulus and the impedance modulus of the current flowing through the quartz glass capillary 1 according to the measured data by using a lower processing data formula;
the impedance modulus | Z | and the impedance angle θ of the pore model can be obtained by:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method can completely record the change rule of the impedance modulus value and the phase formed by the ionic solution in the soil pore model, is a measurement method taking the small-amplitude sine wave potential as a disturbance signal, and has very small influence on a capillary model system in the measurement process. The method adopts a quadrupole method to measure the impedance parameters of the capillary model, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, accurate measurement, convenient use, low requirement on the stability of a power supply and the like. Meanwhile, the connecting wire connected with the experimental circuit adopts a shielding wire, so that the electromagnetic interference caused by the connecting wire is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sampling diagram of an oscilloscope at a frequency of 270kHz according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the impedance modulus of a NaCl solution in pores of 2mm in accordance with example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a phase diagram of NaCl solution in the pores of 2mm according to example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for measuring impedance frequency characteristics of a capillary model under an alternating current electric field includes: the device comprises a quartz glass capillary tube 1, an ionic solution pool 2, a stainless steel wire net 3, a stainless steel plate 4, a current limiting resistor 5, a non-inductive sampling resistor 6, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7, an oscilloscope 8, a voltage probe 9 for measuring voltage waveforms at two ends of the capillary tube, and a voltage probe 10 for measuring voltage waveforms at two ends of the non-inductive sampling resistor.
In the embodiment, 12 quartz glass capillary tubes 1 with the length of 15cm and the same inner diameter are parallelly bonded between two ionic solution pools 2, and the main function of the capillary tubes is to replace soil pores as the only electromigration path of ions in ionic solution; the ionic solution pool 2 with the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm at the two ends of the capillary is made of insulating acrylic material, and the purpose is to ensure that the concentration and the type of ions in the capillary are not changed in the measuring process. The areas of the stainless steel wire net 3 and the stainless steel plate 4 are both 10cm multiplied by 8cm, and the long sides of the stainless steel wire net are parallel to the height of the inner wall of the solution pool. The stainless steel wire net is tightly attached to the quartz glass capillary tube 1, and the stainless steel plate 4 is arranged in the ionic solution pool and is parallel to the stainless steel wire net, and the distance between the stainless steel wire net and the stainless steel plate is 8 cm. In the ionic solution pool 2, an outer stainless steel plate 4 is a conductive electrode and is used for connecting an experimental circuit so as to realize the charge transfer between the ionic solution and a metal lead; and the stainless steel wire meshes 3 at the two ends of the capillary tube are used as measuring electrodes for connecting a probe of an oscilloscope and measuring the voltage waveform of the soil pore model. One end of a current limiting resistor 5 is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool 2 on the left side of the quartz glass capillary 1, and the other end of the current limiting resistor is connected with an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7, and the current limiting resistor is used for limiting the current in the experimental circuit to protect the sampling resistor from being damaged; one end of a non-inductive sampling resistor 6 with the resistance value of 50 omega is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool 2 on the right side of the quartz glass capillary tube 1, and the other end of the non-inductive sampling resistor is connected with the other end of an alternating current variable frequency voltage source 7 and is connected in series in the whole circuit, so that the voltage waveforms at the two ends of the non-inductive sampling resistor are measured and then calculated to obtain the current waveform passing through the soil pore model; the alternating-current variable-frequency voltage source 7 provides stable voltage excitation with different frequencies for the experimental circuit. The oscilloscope 8 is provided with two voltage probes, two ends of one voltage probe are respectively connected with the measuring electrodes in the two solution pools and used for measuring the voltage waveform of two ends of the capillary, and two ends of the other voltage probe are connected with two ends of the non-inductive sampling resistor and used for measuring the voltage waveform of the non-inductive sampling resistor. Meanwhile, the black ends of the two voltage probes need to be connected to the same node of the experimental circuit, so that the accuracy of the impedance angle is ensured.
In the embodiment, a capillary made of quartz glass is used as an experimental model to replace a soil macropore, and the capillary and the soil macropore have capillary effect and do not have conductivity; preparing an ionic solution to replace soil pore water; the influence of the air content in soil pores on the frequency impedance characteristic of the capillary tube model is not discussed, and the capillary tube is filled with the solution to eliminate the interference and influence of air on the experiment. The soil pore model is composed of a pore sample and an ionic solution pool. Based on that the single capillary has a large current measurement error, and 12 capillaries with the length of 15cm and the same inner diameter are parallelly bonded together to be used as a pore sample in order to enlarge the influence of the pore wall on ion migration.
Referring to the research method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the present embodiment uses the small-amplitude electrical signal as a disturbance source, so that the applied electrical signal can be prevented from having a large influence on the whole experimental circuit.
The measuring device is realized by the following measuring method, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: NaCl solution with the concentration of 1mol/L is prepared to be used as pore water to fill the whole capillary pore model, and the solution in the ionic solution pool also submerges the orifice of the pore capillary, so that the phenomenon that air exists in the capillary pore model to influence the experimental result is avoided.
Step 2: the resistance of the non-inductive sampling resistor was measured with a multimeter to confirm that it was not damaged, and then the devices were connected according to the experimental circuit shown in fig. 1.
And step 3: in the experiment, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source with an effective value of 1-20V is used as an excitation source of the circuit, and the frequency of the alternating current variable frequency voltage source is adjusted from small to large within the range of 0.02kHz-350kHz to sequentially measure the voltage at two ends of the soil pore model and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor under each frequency and the phase angle of two voltage waveforms. When the frequency is adjusted, the small interval is adjusted first, and then the large interval is adjusted.
And 4, step 4: and calculating the current module value and the impedance module value of the current flowing through the capillary pore model according to the measured data by using the following processing data formula.
the impedance modulus | Z | and the impedance angle θ of the pore model can be obtained by:
in the embodiment, the pore diameter is 2mm, and the capillary model is fully loaded with NaCl solution, and the black ends of the probe for measuring voltage and the probe for measuring current are connected at the same position of the experimental circuit, so as to ensure the accuracy of the impedance angle. The frequency of the ac variable frequency voltage source was adjusted to 270kHz at which an oscilloscope sample plot is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the method is simple and feasible, and the experimental data has accuracy and stability, and the data reading is more convenient.
The impedance modulus and phase frequency characteristic curves measured according to the capillary model with the aperture of 2mm and the NaCl solution loading are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4;
the impedance angle change measured by the device is very similar to the impedance angle change of higher moisture mass fraction in the prior document ([1] Cao Xiao bin, Yao Shi Wei, Guo 29834, horse power, ginger tree soldier. the frequency characteristic of the soil impedance angle and the influence factor [ J ]. high voltage technology, 2019,45(02):456-462.), thereby proving the correctness of the experimental method. The rule is as follows: when the power supply frequency is low, the impedance angle rapidly rises at low frequency; when the power frequency is high, the soil impedance angle changes slowly, and the soil impedance angle is substantially less than 0 °. Due to the complexity of the real soil structure and the diversity of the content of substances in the soil, and the few experimental data of the existing measurement technology, it is difficult to compare the experimental result of the impedance modulus value in the patent with the experimental result of the existing technology.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the manner in which the invention is practiced, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specifically recited statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. An apparatus for measuring impedance frequency characteristics of a capillary model in an alternating current electric field, comprising: the device comprises a quartz glass capillary tube (1), an ionic solution pool (2), a stainless steel screen (3), a stainless steel plate (4), a current limiting resistor (5), a non-inductive sampling resistor (6), an alternating current variable frequency voltage source (7) and an oscilloscope (8);
the two ionic solution pools (2) are provided, the adjacent side walls between the two ionic solution pools (2) are connected through 12 long quartz glass capillary tubes (1), the quartz glass capillary tubes (1) can penetrate through the side walls to be communicated with the inside of the ionic solution pools (2), and the 12 long quartz glass capillary tubes (1) are bonded together in parallel;
the ionic solution pool (2) is made of an insulating acrylic material;
a stainless steel wire mesh (3) is arranged on the inner wall between the ionic solution pools (2) and in contact with the quartz glass capillary tube (1), a stainless steel plate (4) is arranged on the inner wall of the ionic solution pool (2) opposite to the stainless steel wire mesh (3), the stainless steel plate (4) is used as a conductive electrode, and the stainless steel wire mesh (3) is used as a measuring electrode;
one end of a current limiting resistor (5) is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool (2) on the left side of the quartz glass capillary tube (1), and the other end of the current limiting resistor (5) is connected with an alternating current variable frequency voltage source (7);
one end of the non-inductive sampling resistor (6) is connected with a conductive electrode in the ionic solution pool (2) on the right side of the quartz glass capillary tube (1), and the other end of the non-inductive sampling resistor is connected with the other end of the alternating current variable frequency voltage source (7);
the alternating-current variable-frequency voltage source (7) provides stable voltage excitation with different frequencies for the whole circuit;
the oscilloscope (8) is provided with two voltage probes, namely a voltage probe A (9) and a voltage probe B (10), wherein two ends of the voltage probe A (9) are respectively connected with the measuring electrodes in the two ionic solution pools (2) and used for measuring voltage waveforms at two ends of the capillary tube;
two ends of the voltage probe B (10) are connected with two ends of the non-inductive sampling resistor (6) and are used for voltage waveform of the non-inductive sampling resistor; the black ends of the voltage probe A (9) and the voltage probe B (10) are required to be connected to the same node of the circuit, so that the accuracy of the impedance angle is ensured.
2. The apparatus for measuring the impedance frequency characteristic of a capillary model under an alternating current electric field according to claim 1, wherein: the size of the ionic solution pool (2) is 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.
3. The apparatus for measuring the impedance frequency characteristic of a capillary model under an alternating current electric field according to claim 2, wherein: the areas of the stainless steel wire net (3) and the stainless steel plate (4) are both 10cm multiplied by 8cm, and the long sides of the stainless steel wire net are parallel to the height of the inner wall of the solution pool; the stainless steel wire net is tightly attached to the quartz glass capillary tube (1), the stainless steel plate (4) is arranged in the ionic solution pool (2) and is parallel to the stainless steel wire net (3), and the distance between the stainless steel wire net and the stainless steel wire net is 8 cm.
4. The method for measuring the impedance frequency characteristic of the capillary model under the alternating current electric field according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step 1: NaCl solution with the concentration of 1mol/L is prepared as pore water and poured into the ionic solution pool (2); the solution in the ionic solution pool (2) also submerges the orifice of the quartz glass capillary tube (1) and fills all the quartz glass capillary tubes (1), so that no bubbles and no air exist in the quartz glass capillary tube (1) to avoid the influence of air on the experimental result;
step 2: firstly, measuring the resistance value of the non-inductive sampling resistor (6) by using a universal meter to confirm that the non-inductive sampling resistor is not damaged, and connecting a measuring device;
and step 3: in the experiment, an alternating current variable frequency voltage source (7) with an effective value of 1-20V is used as an excitation source of the circuit, and the voltage at two ends of the quartz glass capillary tube (1) and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor at each frequency and the phase angle of two voltage waveforms are sequentially measured by adjusting the frequency of the alternating current variable frequency voltage source from small to large within the range of 0.02kHz-350 kHz; when the frequency is adjusted, the small interval is adjusted first, and then the large interval is adjusted;
and 4, step 4: calculating the current modulus and the impedance modulus of the current flowing through the quartz glass capillary (1) according to the measured data by using a lower processing data formula;
the impedance modulus | Z | and the impedance angle θ of the pore model can be obtained by:
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