CN113731136A - Furnace control method for avoiding generation of dioxin - Google Patents
Furnace control method for avoiding generation of dioxin Download PDFInfo
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- CN113731136A CN113731136A CN202010466277.9A CN202010466277A CN113731136A CN 113731136 A CN113731136 A CN 113731136A CN 202010466277 A CN202010466277 A CN 202010466277A CN 113731136 A CN113731136 A CN 113731136A
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- dioxin
- halogen
- reaction
- flue gas
- active agent
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 47
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010043275 Teratogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000185 dioxinlike effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium halide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000211 teratogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D53/685—Halogens or halogen compounds by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/606—Carbonates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
- B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Dioxin is a pollutant generated by incineration behaviors, and the condition for generating the dioxin is that halogen elements and organic matters exist. In the invention, in the incineration process, a halogen element reaction active agent is sprayed at a flue gas outlet under the high temperature condition (800-1200 ℃), and the mass ratio of the reaction active agent to the halogen element is (10-50): the active reagent is alkaline micro powder, the alkaline micro powder absorbs halogen elements by self activity and then reacts with the halogen elements to generate stable halide, the halogen elements are effectively consumed, and dioxin cannot be generated due to lack of the halogen elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly belongs to the field of incineration flue gas treatment, and particularly relates to a furnace control method for dioxin-like substances in incineration flue gas.
Background
The incineration treatment of solid wastes has the advantages of wide application range, good reduction effect, toxicity reduction, heat recovery and the like, and becomes an important means for treating solid wastes such as household wastes, electronic wastes, dangerous wastes, sludge and the like at home and abroad. According to the annual book of Chinese statistics, the incineration treatment capacity of the domestic garbage in China in 2018 reaches 45.1% of the harmless treatment capacity, and in addition, hazardous wastes such as medical wastes are mainly treated by incineration. But SO is generated in the incineration process2、NOXAnd gas phase pollutants such as dioxin, which is highly toxic and hasCarcinogenicity, teratogenicity and other properties, the control of dioxin is the key and difficult point of flue gas purification.
The generation mechanism of dioxin mainly comprises the release of primary dioxin, the release of carbon oxides such as CO and the like under the conditions of high temperature and oxygen deficiency and the action of HCl acid halogen gas, the generation of dioxin through the reaction of halogen-containing precursor molecules, and the synthesis of dioxin from the beginning through elementary reaction of elements such as C, O, H, Cl at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 500 ℃ (Captain, electronic waste treatment process, dioxin detection and emission reduction research [ D ]). The existing treatment method of dioxin mainly controls the burning temperature of a hearth to be more than 850 ℃, and decomposes and destroys dioxin to control the emission amount, but halogen and elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like can generate dioxin precursors under the action of a catalyst to synthesize the dioxin in the cooling process of flue gas, or elementary reactions such as oxidation and condensation occur to synthesize the dioxin from the beginning, and the dioxin cannot be completely controlled. The contents of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, chlorine, bromine and halogen-containing organic gases are important factors in the de novo synthesis of dioxins. In China, aiming at high-temperature flue gas generated by burning solid wastes, quenching treatment is generally adopted, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be below 200 ℃ in a very short time, the retention time of the flue gas in an optimal temperature range generated from the beginning is reduced to the maximum extent, but the cooling rate is difficult to meet the requirement when the quenching treatment is carried out by adopting water-cooling quenching temperature, and heat energy generated by burning cannot be recovered after quenching, so that the waste of resources is caused. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a method for fixing the halide in the gas and further controlling the synthesis of dioxin during the temperature reduction process. Chinese patent CN105316480A discloses an inhibitor adding method and device for reducing the generation of dioxin during sintering process. The inhibitor is added by a two-stage mixing method, wherein the first-stage mixing is to prepare 20-30% of solution of urea as the inhibitor and convey the solution to a sintering pellet system to be mixed with the burning raw materials, the adding amount of the inhibitor is controlled to be 0.005-0.01% by a flow controller, the second-stage mixing is to enable the inhibitor mixed sintering pellets and the mixture to enter a sintering machine again for sintering, and finally the mixture enters the sintering machine for sintering. The invention can inhibit the generation of dioxin by adding and mixing urea and fuel sintering pellets, and the dosage of the inhibitor is less. But the inhibition effect is about 50 percent generally, and the addition of urea can increase the emission of nitrogen oxides in the sintering process, so that the large-area popularization and use are difficult to a certain extent.
Chinese patent CN101368121B discloses an additive for controlling dioxin from waste incineration and a production process thereof. The method adopts a specially prepared mixed additive (80-88% of coal with the sulfur content of 0.5-1%, 2.3-8.1% of calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, 0.8-2.5% of sodium hydroxide, 2.5-4.5% of ammonium carbonate and 2.3-7.6% of cobalt carbonate, potassium carbonate and permanganate) to fix chloride and reduce the low-temperature generation of dioxin, thereby reducing the emission of the dioxin. However, the additive is produced by only mixing the added materials, the adding mode of the mixing agent and the action effect of each ingredient are not determined, the overall control effect of the mixed additive is not determined, the treatment cost is increased when multiple materials are added, and the popularization and the use are not facilitated.
The synthesis of dioxin in the temperature reduction process of incineration flue gas is the action process of halide in the flue gas, and a large number of researches show that a chlorine source or a bromine source provided by substances containing chlorine or bromine is an important factor influencing the synthesis of dioxin. (Zhengyufeng, Qiguo. solid waste incineration dioxin generation mechanism and its control technology [ J ]. environmental protection science, 2008,34(3):16-18, 46). Relevant researches show that macromolecule organic carbon, hydrogen chloride and other inorganic chlorine in the flue gas generate dioxin and precursors including the dioxin such as chlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol and the like through catalytic reaction of certain components (transition metals such as Cu, Fe and the like or metal oxides thereof) with catalytic action in the fly ash in the catalytic process, and the precursors react with other molecules through molecular rearrangement, free radical condensation, dehalogenation and the like to form the dioxin under the catalytic action of metals. The alkaline additive can react with acidic gas such as HBr and the like, and can dehalogenate aromatic hydrocarbon, so that the synthesis of precursor and de-novo synthesis of dioxin can be controlled. Therefore, the alkaline micro powder sprayed before the temperature of the flue gas in the furnace is reduced can effectively adsorb halogen elements by virtue of the activity of the alkaline micro powder, and the alkaline micro powder reacts with acid halide gas and other halides to generate stable halogenated inorganic salt, so that the halogen elements are deficient and dioxin cannot be generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing dioxin from being formed by injecting a halogen element reaction active agent (alkaline micro powder) in a furnace aiming at the process of forming dioxin during the cooling of solid waste incineration flue gas, and can effectively prevent the dioxin from being resynthesized at a low temperature.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
in the incineration process, in the temperature range of 800-1200 ℃, dioxin is decomposed at high temperature and then is dispersed into a flue gas channel, and an alkaline micropowder inhibitor is sprayed into the front end of a flue gas outlet of a hearth through a micropowder spray gun, so that halides such as acid halogenated gases and the like in the flue gas are mixed with the alkaline micropowder to be adsorbed and reacted.
The alkaline micropowder inhibitor is alkaline carbonate comprising K2CO3、KHCO3、Na2CO3、NaHCO3Further, Na is preferable2CO3. The alkaline carbonate has low cost and is convenient to operate. When the mass ratio of the halogen element reaction activator to the halogen element in the fuel is (10-50): the ratio of 1 is injected from the front end of the flue.
The alkaline micro powder absorbs halogen elements by self activity and then reacts with the halogen elements to generate stable halide. Sodium carbonate can convert halides into halogenated inorganic salts such as sodium chloride and the like by the following action process to be fixed in an activator, so that dioxin cannot be synthesized due to lack of halogen elements.
Na2CO3+2HX＝2NaX+CO2↑+H2O
Meanwhile, the alkaline carbonate can dehalogenate the halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, and the alkaline micro powder can react with part of organic halide to be fixed in the activator.
The fixed halogen reaction is carried out in the hearth at the high temperature of 800-1200 ℃, and the application requirement of avoiding the formation of dioxin before the temperature of the flue gas is reduced can be met.
Preferably, the sodium carbonate is anhydrous sodium carbonate micro powder, the particle size is preferably 100-300 meshes, and the specific surface area of the active agent is large, so that the full action of the active agent and the smoke is ensured. Alkaline micro powder is sprayed into the front end of the flue in a micro powder shape, and the active agent is dispersed and mixed by the action of the flue gas passing through at a high speed, so that the active agent and halide in the flue gas are favorably subjected to full adsorption reaction, and the solid halogen reaction efficiency of the active agent can be remarkably improved.
The reaction device for the reactive agent in the furnace consists of a metering feeder 1, a pneumatic micro powder injector 2, a micro powder spray gun 3, a collecting hopper 5 and an ash discharging port 6. The micro powder ejector nozzle is cylindrical and is used for ejecting active agent micro powder; the metering feeder is used for controlling the adding amount of the active agent; the collecting hopper and the ash discharging port are used for collecting the active agent after reaction and periodic discharge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages
1) The invention selects the halogen reaction activator preferably, and reacts at the temperature of burning the main stream solid waste, thereby realizing the effective control of the generation of dioxin in the smoke cooling process under the condition of not changing the original working temperature.
2) The invention uses sodium carbonate as a reaction activator, so that the dioxin control effect is good and the cost is low; the active agent spraying system does not need to change the original process conditions, is easy to operate and has technical feasibility.
3) According to the invention, the flue gas does not need to be controlled by a quenching mode, and the heat generated by burning the solid waste can be continuously utilized subsequently.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a reaction apparatus for a halogen element reactive agent in a furnace.
In the figure 1, 1 is a metering feeder, 2 is a pneumatic micro powder ejector, 3 is a micro powder spray gun, 4 is alkaline micro powder, 5 is a collecting hopper, 6 is an ash discharging port, and 7 is an incinerator hearth.
Which indicates the direction of the flow of the flue gas,
the conveying direction of the fine alkaline powder is shown.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by means of the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a furnace control method for avoiding generation of dioxin, which comprises pretreatment of a halogen element reaction active agent and an active agent injection device, wherein the device is shown as a figure 1.
Dioxin generated by burning solid waste is decomposed at the high temperature of 800-.
The halogen element reaction activator adopts sodium carbonate micro powder, the sodium carbonate micro powder is ground to 100-300 meshes, and the reaction activator and the halogen element (10-50): the mass ratio of 1 is sprayed into the front end of a hearth flue.
The whole incineration system comprises a solid waste incineration hearth, a smoke channel and an active agent reaction device, wherein the active agent reaction device comprises an ejector and a collector and is arranged at the front end of the smoke channel in the hearth. The spraying device adopts a gas disturbance sprayer, and the alkaline micro powder is continuously stirred, so that the phenomenon of material erection is avoided. The front end of the ejector adopts a metering feeder to control the adding amount of the reactants. The ejector is arranged at the front end of a flue in a hearth, high-temperature flue gas is fully mixed with the active agent from bottom to top, and the flue gas and the active agent continuously act to convert halides such as acid halogenated gas and the like in the flue gas into halogenated inorganic salts such as sodium halide and the like to be fixed in the active agent. The collecting hopper is made of high-temperature-resistant materials and used for collecting the reactive agent after reaction, and the tail end of the collecting hopper is provided with a discharge opening which can discharge the reactive agent regularly.
The implementation case is as follows:
1) removing components from the circuit board, crushing, and analyzing the contents of organic halogen and inorganic halogen by using an oxygen bomb + ion chromatography;
2) grinding sodium carbonate to 200 mesh micro powder, and adding into a feeder. Adding sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of the sodium carbonate to halogen elements of 35: 1.
3) Feeding the circuit board micro powder into a high-temperature furnace for burning, wherein the temperature of the burning furnace is controlled at 850 ℃. Controlling the input amount of the sodium carbonate micro powder by a metering feeder, and spraying the sodium carbonate micro powder into the front end of a hearth flue by a pneumatic micro powder sprayer; the sodium carbonate reacts with inorganic and organic halogenated gases, is fixed into halogenated inorganic salt, falls into the collecting hopper and is collected, thereby reducing halogen sources for promoting the generation of dioxin, and avoiding the regeneration of the dioxin after the temperature reduction in the furnace.
4) Tests show that the halogen fixed by the alkaline micro powder sodium carbonate reaches more than 80% of the halogen content of the circuit board, and the cooling and resynthesis of the dioxin in the flue gas are effectively controlled.
Claims (6)
1. A furnace control method for avoiding generation of dioxin is characterized in that in an incineration furnace chamber at 800-1200 ℃, a halogen reaction active agent (alkaline micropowder) is sprayed into the front end of a flue gas outlet in the furnace chamber through a micropowder spraying device in a halogen reaction active agent reaction device, halides such as acid halogenated gas and the like in the flue gas are adsorbed by the active agent and react to generate stable halogenated inorganic salt which is collected, a halogen source for synthesizing the dioxin is greatly reduced before the temperature of the flue gas is reduced, and the temperature reduction and the regeneration of the dioxin are avoided.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the halogen reactive agent is an alkaline carbonate, comprising one or more of potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, preferably sodium carbonate, the particle size is 100-300 mesh, and the mass ratio of the reactive agent to the halogen element is (10-50): 1 is sprayed into the hearth through a spray gun in a micro powder form.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein acidic halogenated gases, organic halides and the like generated after decomposition of dioxin in the temperature range of 800-.
4. The in-furnace control method for preventing the generation of dioxin according to claim 1, characterized in that the halogen reactive agent reaction unit is installed on the side wall of an incineration furnace, specifically at the front end of the outlet of a flue gas channel in the furnace.
5. The method for controlling in a furnace to avoid the generation of dioxin according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the injection device in the halogen reaction active agent reaction device consists of a pneumatic micro powder injector and a metering feeder, and the amount of the added active agent is controlled to be fully mixed with the flue gas to avoid the phenomenon of material building.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 and claim 4, wherein the collecting unit of the halogen reaction activator reaction unit is located under the lance and is composed of a collecting hopper and a discharge port made of high temperature resistant material, and the collecting and discharging of the activator after the reaction are performed.
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