CN113726215B - Static electrostatic voltage source device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Static electrostatic voltage source device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113726215B CN113726215B CN202110771238.4A CN202110771238A CN113726215B CN 113726215 B CN113726215 B CN 113726215B CN 202110771238 A CN202110771238 A CN 202110771238A CN 113726215 B CN113726215 B CN 113726215B
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- PEVRKKOYEFPFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoroprop-1-ene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F.FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F PEVRKKOYEFPFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/06—Influence generators
- H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a static electrostatic voltage source device and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of energy collection and self-driven sensors. The device comprises an electrostatic voltage source, an external capacitor and a rectifier bridge. The electrostatic voltage source consists of an electret and electrodes at two sides of the electret, the two electrodes are respectively arranged at different distances from the charged electret layer by utilizing the electret and electrostatic induction principle, and the two electrodes induce different amounts of charges so as to have different potentials, and a certain potential difference is formed between the two electrodes. The electrodes on two sides of the electret are connected to the input end of the rectifier bridge, and the external capacitor is connected to the output end of the rectifier bridge, so that the external capacitor can be charged through an electrostatic voltage source without additional work. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience and intelligence, and can be used in the self-driven sensing field and the energy conversion field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy sources, and particularly relates to a static electrostatic voltage source device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the application of mass distributed sensors, especially the increasing demands on the energy supply of the sensors, stable energy supply application technology has become one of the important concerns in the field of energy storage. Among them, the development of high energy density batteries and capacitors to increase their operating time is a current research hotspot. However, due to the limitation of the storage mechanism, the battery and the capacitor cannot stably store charges for a long period of time. Meanwhile, in a wet and humid environment, the electrochemical cell needs to be packaged, so that the cell is protected to ensure stable working and running. It is therefore important to find an energy supply device that is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks and improvements in the prior art, the present invention provides a static electrostatic voltage source device and a method for manufacturing the same, which aims to realize a semi-permanent voltage source with a low cost structure suitable for complex environments.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a static electrostatic voltage source device, which comprises an electrostatic voltage source, an external capacitor and a rectifier bridge; the electrostatic voltage source consists of an electret film and an upper electrode and a lower electrode at two sides of the electret film, wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode are provided with the same type of charges with different charge amounts, a charged layer of the electret film is provided with charges opposite to the upper electrode and the lower electrode, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are metal electrodes, and the distances between the upper electrode and the lower electrode and the charged layer of the electret film are different;
the upper electrode and the lower electrode are respectively connected to the input side of the rectifier bridge, and the two sides of the external capacitor are respectively connected to the output side of the rectifier bridge.
Preferably, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are made of copper, gold, aluminum, silver and nanowires thereof.
Preferably, the upper electrode is prepared by plating a metal layer on the upper surface of the electret film.
Preferably, a support structure is arranged between the electret film and the upper electrode and/or between the electret film and the lower electrode.
Preferably, a dielectric material is disposed between the electret film and the lower electrode.
Preferably, the external capacitor is an elastic stretchable capacitor, and is formed by coating conductive grease on two sides of a dielectric elastomer material.
Preferably, the rectifier bridge is built up by four low-turn-on voltage diodes.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the static electrostatic voltage source device, which includes the following steps:
1) Preparation of an electrostatic voltage source: plating gold on one surface of the electret film by using a magnetron sputtering instrument to serve as an upper electrode; charging the electrodeless side of the electret film for 1-10 minutes by negative corona polarization of 10kV to enable the surface of the electret film to be negatively charged, wherein the surface potential is higher than 50V; bonding one surface of the electret film with negative charge with the lower electrode; the electret film with negative charges respectively induces different amounts of positive charges on the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and a potential difference is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
2) Connecting an electrostatic voltage source with a rectifier bridge, enabling an upper electrode and a lower electrode to be connected with an input side of the rectifier bridge respectively, enabling two sides of an external capacitor to be connected with an output side of the rectifier bridge respectively, converting a potential difference between identical charges of the upper electrode and the lower electrode into a positive and negative charge potential difference through the rectifier bridge, and charging an external capacitor (3) under the action of electrostatic voltage, wherein voltages at two ends of the external capacitor (3) meet the following formula:
wherein V represents the voltage at two ends of the external capacitor, d 1 Indicating the thickness of the electret film d 2 Indicating the distance between the lower electrode and the electret film, C and C E Respectively represent the capacitance of the electrostatic voltage source and the capacitance epsilon of the external capacitor 0 The vacuum dielectric constant, S, represents the area of the electret film, and sigma is the surface charge density.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) Compared with a chemical voltage source, the static electrostatic voltage source adopts electret materials which can be charged semi-permanently, so that the stability of the static electrostatic voltage source is higher;
(2) Compared with electrostatic generators such as electret generators, friction nano-discharge machines, piezoelectric generators and the like, the static electrostatic voltage source is used for charging external capacitance devices through the rectifier bridge until the voltage reaches balance, and external force is not required to be additionally applied in the process to press the static electrostatic voltage source. Furthermore, the static electrostatic voltage source can be more diversified in structure, and the application range is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a static electrostatic voltage source device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of 100nF capacitor charging voltage versus time in this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of the capacitor voltage with time after the 100nF capacitor of the present embodiment is charged;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a static electrostatic voltage source device structure a in this embodiment, in which an upper electrode is closely attached to an electret film, and a distance is left between a lower electrode and the electret film;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a static electrostatic voltage source device structure b in this embodiment, in which other dielectric materials are filled between the electret film and the lower electrode;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a static electrostatic voltage source device structure c in the present embodiment, wherein support structures are added between the electret film and the upper electrode, and between the electret film and the lower electrode, respectively;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a static electrostatic voltage source device structure d in this embodiment, in which a support structure is added between only the electret film and the upper electrode.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus with an external capacitor of the static electrostatic voltage source as an elastomer capacitor in the present embodiment;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a voltage change of the elastomer capacitor in the embodiment during stretching.
In the figure: 1-an electrostatic voltage source, 2-a rectifier bridge, 3-an external capacitor, 4-an electret film, 5-a lower electrode, 6-an upper electrode, 7-a dielectric material, 8-a dielectric elastomer and 9-conductive grease.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
The static electrostatic voltage source device provided in this embodiment includes: an electrostatic voltage source 1 consisting of a charged electret and upper and lower electrodes, a rectifier bridge 2 and an external capacitor 3, as shown in fig. 1. Firstly, a gold-plated electrode is formed on one surface of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of an electret film 4 by a magnetron sputtering instrument to serve as an upper electrode 6, and then the electrode is polarized by negative corona of 10kV to give a surface area of 9cm 2 An electret film Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) having a thickness of 50 μm was charged on the electrode-free side to charge the surface thereof negatively. Then, the negatively charged surface and the substrate surface having the copper electrode as the lower electrode 5 are bonded to constitute the electrostatic voltage source 1 of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the distance between the upper electrode 6 and the lower electrode 5 and the electret film charged layer is different.
As known from the electrostatic induction principle, since the electret film material is negatively charged, and the electrodes on both sides are respectively placed at different distances from the charged electret layer, different amounts of positive charges are induced on the upper electrode and the lower electrode, so that different potentials are provided, and a potential difference is formed between the two electrodes. The electric potential difference between charges with the same number can be converted into positive and negative electric potential differences by connecting electrodes on two sides of the electret with the input end of the rectifier bridge 2, and then the output end of the rectifier bridge 2 is connected with the external capacitor 3 with the capacitance of 100 nF. Under the action of the electrostatic voltage, the external capacitor 3 can be charged by the electrostatic voltage source 1, and the charging process is shown as a 100nF capacitor charging voltage-time diagram in fig. 2. The embodiment also provides a schematic diagram of the change of the capacitor voltage with time as shown in fig. 3, and the electrostatic voltage source can maintain the static voltage source to be charged stably for a long time after the capacitor of 100nF is charged. The electrostatic voltage source is not required to be additionally processed, and the access capacitor is stationary.
The voltage at two ends of the external capacitor 3 meets the following formula:
wherein V represents the voltage across the external capacitor 3, d 1 Indicating the thickness of the electret film d 2 Representing the distance between the lower electrode and the electret film (as shown in FIG. 4), C and C E Representing the capacitance of the electrostatic voltage source and the capacitance epsilon of the external capacitor 0 The vacuum dielectric constant, S, represents the area of the electret film, and sigma is the surface charge density.
In this embodiment, d 1 、d 2 Is not limited in scope, as shown in fig. 4.
The electret materials include, but are not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyimide (PI), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), cycloolefin copolymer (COC), soluble Polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), polyvinyl fluoride (E-TFE), parylene (Parylene) and the like.
The electrode materials include, but are not limited to, copper, gold, aluminum, silver and nanowires thereof, and other electrode materials.
In one implementation of the invention, other dielectric materials 7 may be filled between the electret film 4 and the lower electrode 5, as shown in FIG. 5. The dielectric material comprises acrylic acid VHB4905 or polydimethylsiloxane.
The distance between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the static voltage source 1 and the electret is not limited to the embodiment, and the static voltage source can be constructed by taking a supporting structure as shown in fig. 6-7, wherein fig. 6 is a structure in which the supporting structure is respectively added between the electret film and the upper electrode and between the electret film and the lower electrode; fig. 7 is a view of adding a support structure only between the electret film and the upper electrode. The support structure includes an insulating inorganic and an insulating polymer.
In one implementation of the invention, charging may be by different polarization means, such as positive and negative high voltage corona polarization. Taking corona polarization process as an example, placing an electret film at a position 3-10cm below a corona needle, applying high voltage of 10-20kV to the corona needle, generating tip discharge by the corona needle, and finally capturing charges on the surface of an electret material under the drive of an electric field, wherein the range of the surface potential of the electret film is as follows: 0- + -3 kV. The charging method of the electret material is not limited to corona charging, tribocharging, contact polarization, liquid polarization, high temperature polarization, and the like.
Example 2
The static electrostatic voltage source device provided in this embodiment includes: an electrostatic voltage source 1 composed of a charged electret and upper and lower electrodes, a rectifier bridge 2 and an external capacitor 3 are shown in fig. 8. Firstly, a gold-plated electrode is used as an upper electrode 6 on one surface of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of an electret film 4 by using a magnetron sputtering instrument, and then the electrode is polarized by negative corona of 10kV to give a surface area of 9cm 2 An electret film Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) having a thickness of 50 μm was charged on the electrode-free side to charge the surface thereof negatively. Then, the negatively charged surface and the substrate surface having the copper electrode as the lower electrode are bonded to constitute the electrostatic voltage source 1 of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the distance between the upper electrode 6 and the lower electrode 5 and the electret film charged layer is different.
In this embodiment, the external capacitor 3 is composed of a dielectric elastomer 8 and electrodes on both sides thereof, the dielectric elastomer material may be silicone rubber such as polyacrylate PDMS, block copolymer such as SEBS, thermoplastic bioplastic such as Ecoflex, etc., the electrode materials on both sides thereof may be conductive silicone grease, silver nanowire, hydrogel, ion conductor, etc., preferably polyacrylate (VHB 4905) and conductive grease 9 (japan believed-over) are combined, the preparation method is that the upper and lower sides of the dielectric elastomer polyacrylate are coated with the conductive grease of the flexible electrode material, the external capacitor composed of the two is an elastic stretchable capacitor, and the capacitance can be changed by stretching or the like. In the present embodiment, the elastically stretchable capacitor has an area of 50cm 2 A thickness of 50 microns and a capacitance of 430pF. After the static electrostatic voltage source is connected, the voltage at two ends of the elastic stretchable capacitor can reach 14V. By means of stretching, the voltage is reduced to 7V, the stretching is repeated, and the voltage changes along with the stretching, so that the static electrostatic voltage source system of the embodiment can be used in the field of self-driven sensing.
The principle is as follows: reference formulaWherein C, ε, S and d are the capacitance, dielectric constant, area and dielectric elastomer thickness of the elastically stretchable capacitor, respectively, and it is known that the elastically stretchable capacitance changes during deformation. In addition, as shown in the formula q=cu, where Q and U are the charge amount and the voltage of the elastic stretchable capacitor, respectively, it is known that the change in capacitance of the elastic stretchable capacitor will cause the change in voltage of the elastic stretchable capacitor under the condition that the charge amount is constant. In summary, in the stretching process along the direction of the elastic body capacitance electrode, the capacitance value of the elastic stretchable capacitance becomes larger, the voltage becomes smaller, and in the releasing process, the capacitance value becomes smaller, and the voltage becomes larger.
The voltage variation across the external capacitor 3 as shown in the figure satisfies the following formula
Wherein, V represents the voltage at two ends of the external capacitor, and C and Q represent the capacitance value of the elastic capacitor and the charge quantity at two ends of the capacitor.
In this embodiment, the form of the external capacitor is not limited to the form of commercial capacitor, and can be replaced by variable capacitors such as elastic capacitor, voltage-variable capacitor, etc. for self-driving sensing field.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the feasibility of such an electrostatic voltage source for a self-driven sensor was verified. The dielectric elastomer capacitor with high flexibility is used as an external capacitor of a static electrostatic voltage source, and the capacitor is changed by periodically stretching the external elastic capacitor, so that the voltage is changed. The change of the voltage reflects that a system formed by the static electrostatic voltage source and the external elastic capacitor can respond to the change of the voltage, and the system can be used as a self-driven sensor in the field of wearable flexible sensing.
The foregoing list is only illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but many variations are possible. All modifications directly derived or suggested to one skilled in the art from the present disclosure should be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The static electrostatic voltage source device is characterized by comprising an electrostatic voltage source (1), an external capacitor (3) and a rectifier bridge (2); the electrostatic voltage source (1) consists of an electret film (4) and upper electrodes (6) and lower electrodes (5) on two sides of the electret film, wherein the upper electrodes (6) and the lower electrodes (5) are provided with charges of the same type with different electric charges, a charged layer of the electret film (4) is provided with charges opposite to the upper electrodes (6) and the lower electrodes (5), the upper electrodes (6) and the lower electrodes (5) are metal electrodes, the distances between the upper electrodes and the lower electrodes and the charged layer of the electret film are different, a dielectric material (7) is arranged between the electret film and the lower electrodes, and the dielectric material comprises acrylic acid VHB4905 or polydimethylsiloxane;
the upper electrode (6) and the lower electrode (5) are respectively connected to the input side of the rectifier bridge (2), and the two sides of the external capacitor (3) are respectively connected to the output side of the rectifier bridge (2);
the voltage at two ends of the external capacitor (3) meets the following formula:
wherein V represents the voltage across the external capacitor (3), d 1 Indicating the thickness of the electret film, C and C E Representing the capacitance of the electrostatic voltage source and the capacitance of the external capacitor epsilon 0 Is the vacuum dielectric constant, S represents the area of the electret film, and σ is the surface charge density.
2. The static voltage source device according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower electrodes are made of copper, gold, aluminum, or silver.
3. The static voltage source device according to claim 1, wherein the electret film material is selected from one of polyvinylidene fluoride, perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer, polyimide, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, cycloolefin copolymer, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, parylene.
4. The static voltage source device according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier bridge is constructed of four low turn-on voltage diodes.
5. A method of manufacturing a static electrostatic voltage source device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) Preparation of an electrostatic voltage source: plating gold on one surface of the electret film by using a magnetron sputtering instrument to serve as an upper electrode; charging the electrodeless side of the electret film by negative corona polarization of 10kV to negatively charge the surface of the electret film for 1-10 minutes to ensure that the surface potential is higher than 50V; bonding one surface of the electret film with negative charges with a lower electrode through a dielectric material; the electret film with negative charges respectively induces different amounts of positive charges on the upper electrode and the lower electrode, and a potential difference is formed between the upper electrode and the lower electrode;
2) Connecting an electrostatic voltage source with a rectifier bridge, enabling an upper electrode and a lower electrode to be connected with an input side of the rectifier bridge respectively, enabling two sides of an external capacitor to be connected with an output side of the rectifier bridge respectively, converting a potential difference between identical charges of the upper electrode and the lower electrode into a positive and negative charge potential difference through the rectifier bridge, and charging an external capacitor (3) under the action of electrostatic voltage, wherein voltages at two ends of the external capacitor (3) meet the following formula:
wherein V represents the voltage at two ends of the external capacitor, d 1 Indicating the thickness of the electret film, C and C E Respectively represent the capacitance of the electrostatic voltage source and the capacitance epsilon of the external capacitor 0 Is the vacuum dielectric constant, S represents the area of the electret film, and σ is the surface charge density.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the electret film is charged by corona charging, tribocharging, contact polarization, liquid polarization or high temperature polarization.
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| "压电驻极体纳米发电机理论及敏感特性研究";李文博;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》(第03期);第C042-10页 * |
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