CN113721344B - Spatial synthetic aperture system - Google Patents
Spatial synthetic aperture system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113721344B CN113721344B CN202111016909.2A CN202111016909A CN113721344B CN 113721344 B CN113721344 B CN 113721344B CN 202111016909 A CN202111016909 A CN 202111016909A CN 113721344 B CN113721344 B CN 113721344B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/185—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors with means for adjusting the shape of the mirror surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/198—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors with means for adjusting the mirror relative to its support
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Abstract
The invention provides a spatial synthetic aperture system, comprising: the system comprises a control device, a light splitting device arranged at a focal plane of a primary mirror to be synthesized, a coupling component, a mode division multiplexing device, a dispersion device and a signal receiving device; the sub-mirror of the main mirror to be synthesized is positioned on the control device, the light beam reflected by the sub-mirror enters the light splitting device, the light splitting device splits the received light beam, each path of the split light beam is coupled by the coupling component, the coupled light beam enters the mode division multiplexing device and then enters the dispersion device, and the dispersion device subdivides the spectrum of the received light beam and transmits the subdivided spectrum to the signal receiving device. The spatial synthetic aperture system provided by the invention can synthesize optical sub-mirrors with any aperture, and can adjust the curvature of the synthesized large-aperture main mirror at will, thereby not only saving the manufacturing cost of the large-aperture synthetic main mirror, but also flexibly improving the utilization rate of the synthetic main mirror.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical synthesis, and particularly relates to a spatial synthetic aperture system.
Background
The increase of the aperture of the optical telescope can effectively improve the resolving power of an adjacent target, improve the light collecting power of the optical telescope according to the square law, effectively improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio of a dim and weak target, expand the limit detection capability and finally realize the exploration of a deeper universe. Therefore, the large-caliber large-view-field optical telescope is the key for verifying the latest theory of universities and increasing academic speaking rights in the fields of time domain astronomy and the like in the future. The development of large-caliber large-view field optical telescopes has gained rapid development in the last two decades, and in order to obtain higher sky-patrol efficiency and light-collecting capacity, the calibers and the view fields of the large-caliber large-view field optical telescopes are continuously enlarged. A plurality of large-caliber large-view-field optical telescopes are developed and operated successfully abroad, 8-meter-grade LSST is already put into construction, and the research on the large-view-field optical telescope with more than two meters is not developed at home. Whether in the aspect of occupying the space highland to ensure the safety of the state and the earth or in astronomy neighborhoods such as asteroids with impact threats, the method has a larger gap.
The large-aperture reflector is an important component of a reflective large-aperture optical telescope, and in order to improve the resolution of the optical telescope, the requirement for a larger-aperture main reflector is endless, so that the manufacturing and system assembly technology of the large-aperture reflector is particularly important. When the aperture exceeds a certain magnitude, it poses a great challenge to both optical materials and optical processing. The traditional large-caliber reflector has complex integral manufacturing process and high cost, and the curvature of the large-caliber reflector is fixed after production, so that the requirement in the actual production or scientific research process cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a spatial synthetic aperture system.
A spatially synthetic aperture system, comprising: the device comprises an optical splitting device, a coupling component, a mode division multiplexing device, a dispersion device, a signal receiving device and a control device.
The beam splitting device is used for splitting the beams reflected by the sub-mirror array.
The coupling component is used for coupling each path of light beam after light splitting into the corresponding mode division multiplexing device.
The mode division multiplexing device is used for transmitting each path of light beam to the corresponding dispersion device.
The dispersion device is used for carrying out spectral subdivision on each path of received light beam and then transmitting the light beam to the signal receiving device.
The signal receiving device is used for analyzing each path of received light beam to form an adjusting signal and transmitting the adjusting signal to the control device.
The control device is used for adjusting the position, the angle or the curvature of the corresponding sub-mirror according to the adjusting signal so as to synthesize the main mirror meeting the preset condition.
Further, the spatial synthetic aperture system further comprises a delay means for receiving the light beam exiting from the dispersion means to compensate for the optical path difference of the spatial synthetic aperture system.
Further, the spatial synthetic aperture system further comprises a multi-wavelength optical path compensation device arranged in the mode division multiplexing device for dispersion compensation.
Furthermore, the multi-wavelength optical path compensation device is a five-dimensional adjusting mechanism.
The five-dimensional adjusting mechanism comprises two optical wedges which are arranged in parallel, a guide shaft and a voice coil motor.
Further, the optical fiber coupling device also comprises at least one flat lens for light beam convergence, and the flat lens is arranged between the light splitting device and the coupling component.
Further, the coupling component is at least one gradient index lens.
Furthermore, the mode division multiplexing device is an optical fiber or a photon lantern with one end being multimode and the other end being single mode.
Further, the dispersive device is a waveguide grating array.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a single-mode optical fiber which is used for carrying out spatial filtering on the adjusting signal formed by the signal receiving device.
Further, the control device is a piezoelectric device or a thermal drive device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the spatial synthetic aperture system provided by the invention can realize the synthesis of a large-aperture primary mirror;
2. the spatial synthetic aperture system provided by the invention can randomly adjust the curvature of the synthesized large-aperture primary mirror in real time;
3. the spatial synthetic aperture system provided by the invention saves the manufacturing cost of the large-aperture synthetic primary mirror and can flexibly improve the utilization rate of the synthetic primary mirror.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spatial synthetic aperture system in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-wavelength optical path length compensation device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
the device comprises a control device 1, a prism 2, a gradient index lens 3, a photon lantern 4, a waveguide grating array 5, a signal receiving device 6, a delay line 7, a curvature center 8 of a primary mirror to be synthesized, a first optical wedge 901, a second optical wedge 902, a guide shaft 10 and a voice coil motor 11.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a spatial synthetic aperture system in an embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides a spatial synthetic aperture system, comprising: the device comprises a control device 1, a light splitting device arranged at a focal plane of a primary mirror to be synthesized, a coupling component, a mode division multiplexing device, a dispersion device and a signal receiving device 6.
The sub mirrors in the sub mirror array used for synthesizing the main mirror are arranged on the control device 1, light beams reflected by the sub mirror array are incident to the light splitting device, the light splitting device is located at a focal plane of the main mirror to be synthesized to split the light beams, each split light beam is coupled through the coupling assembly, the coupled light beams are incident to the mode division multiplexing device to realize that a few-mode end is converted into a single mode, the light beams are incident to the dispersion device, the dispersion device subdivides the spectrum of the received light beams into monochromatic light to increase the coherence length, the monochromatic light is transmitted to the signal receiving device 6, the signal receiving device 6 forms adjusting signals, the adjusting signals are analyzed, the control device 1 is adjusted according to the analysis result to change the position, the angle or the curvature of the sub mirrors, and the main mirror meeting the preset conditions is synthesized. As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention shows that the spatial synthetic aperture system is composed of two sub-mirrors, wherein one prism 2 is shared as a light splitting device, in practical applications, when a plurality of sub-mirrors need to be adjusted, the number of the light splitting devices can be matched according to the number of the sub-mirrors, or one light splitting device can be shared, as long as the light splitting condition can be satisfied, which is not limited by the present invention.
The sub-mirrors for synthesizing the main mirror are arranged on the control device 1, the main mirror is formed by fitting a plurality of sub-mirrors in a segmented approximate mode, the sub-mirrors are arranged according to the shape of the main mirror to be synthesized, the angle of each sub-mirror is adjusted, each sub-mirror is enabled to coincide with the section of the curved surface of the curvature center 8 of the main mirror to be synthesized, light beams emitted by the sub-mirrors are incident to the prism 2 arranged at the focal plane of the main mirror to be synthesized, and the prism 2 splits the light beams which should be converged at the curvature center 8 of the main mirror to be synthesized, so that the subsequent adjustment of the curvature and the position of each sub-mirror is conveniently realized. The respective light beams split by the prism 2 are received and coupled by a gradient index lens 3, i.e., a Grin lens. The gradient index lens 3 is used for coupling, so that the whole space synthetic aperture system has no spherical aberration, the coupling efficiency is improved, and the volume of the space synthetic aperture system can be reduced. And the total weight of the spatially synthetic aperture system can be further reduced if a thin film type mirror is used for the sub-mirror. The coupled light beams are transmitted to the photon lantern 4 to realize the connection and conversion between the few-mode end and the single-mode fiber. The photon lantern 4 adopted in the embodiment of the invention can further reduce the error of the space synthetic aperture system in a phase closing mode. The light beams emitted by the photon lantern 4 are received by the waveguide grating array 5, the waveguide grating array 5 can subdivide the light beams of the broad spectrum light source according to the spectrum, the subdivided light beams can increase the coherence length, and the problem that the uniformity is degraded due to the fact that the uniformity of a bandpass light splitting module in the prior art is reduced is solved. The light beam emitted by the waveguide grating array 5 is received by the signal receiving device 6, the signal receiving device 6 forms an adjusting signal, the adjusting signal is analyzed, and the control device 1 is adjusted according to the analysis result to change the position, the angle or the curvature of the sub-mirror so as to synthesize the main mirror meeting the preset condition. In this embodiment, the receiving device is an interference device based on a michelson architecture, a light beam emitted from the waveguide grating array 5 enters the interference device, relative position information between any two sub-mirrors in the sub-mirrors is obtained according to an interference fringe pattern formed by the interference device, and the sub-mirrors are adjusted according to the obtained relative position information.
The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, the spatial synthetic aperture system further includes a delay device, the delay device is used for receiving the light beam emitted from the dispersion device to compensate the optical path difference of the spatial synthetic aperture system, and the embodiment of the present invention adopts the delay line 7 to realize the optical path difference compensation.
The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, the spatial synthetic aperture system further comprises a multi-wavelength optical path compensation device disposed in the mode division multiplexing device for dispersion compensation.
The present invention provides a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the multi-wavelength optical path compensation device is a five-dimensional adjustment mechanism, and includes a first optical wedge 901, a second optical wedge 902, a guide shaft 10 and a voice coil motor 11, which are disposed in parallel. The first optical wedge 901 is fixedly arranged, the second optical wedge 902 is movably arranged, the guide shaft 10 is connected to the second optical wedge 902, the second optical wedge 902 is driven to move through linkage of the voice coil motor 11 and the guide shaft 10, and position regulation and control of the two optical wedges are achieved through the first optical wedge 901 and the second optical wedge 902 to achieve optical path compensation. The multi-wavelength optical path compensation device may also perform dispersion compensation using an atmospheric dispersion compensator in the prior art, and the present invention is not limited to this, and may be selected according to actual circumstances.
The present invention provides a preferred embodiment wherein the spatial synthetic aperture system further comprises a single mode optical fiber for spatially filtering the adjustment signal formed by the signal receiving means 6. The filtering using the single mode fiber is based on the pinhole space Fourier filtering principle, high-order aberration introduced by segment approximation can be eliminated, and high-efficiency wavefront correction can be realized by changing the position of the single mode fiber.
The invention provides a preferred embodiment, the control device 1 is a piezoelectric or thermally driven device. The curvature of the sub-mirror is changed by changing voltage or temperature, the aberration can be eliminated by changing the curvature of the sub-mirror, and the main mirror with different design requirements can be synthesized by the curvature of the sub-mirror. The control device 1 can also be arranged into a net bag structure, a base similar to a paraboloid is supported, and the sub-mirror is arranged on the base, so that the structure is simple and easy to realize. Is favorable for quickly synthesizing the large-aperture primary mirror.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be taken as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made according to the technical idea of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spatially synthetic aperture system, comprising: the system comprises an optical splitting device, a coupling component, a mode division multiplexing device, a dispersion device, a signal receiving device and a control device; wherein,
the light splitting device is used for splitting the light beams reflected by the sub-mirror array;
the coupling component is used for coupling each path of light beam after light splitting into the corresponding mode division multiplexing device;
the mode division multiplexing device is used for transmitting each path of the light beam to the corresponding dispersion device;
the dispersion device is used for carrying out spectral subdivision on each received light beam and then transmitting the light beams to the signal receiving device;
the signal receiving device is used for analyzing each received light beam to form an adjusting signal and transmitting the adjusting signal to the control device;
and the control device is used for adjusting the position, the angle or the curvature of the corresponding sub-mirror according to the adjusting signal so as to synthesize the main mirror meeting the preset condition.
2. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 1, further comprising a delay means for receiving the light beam exiting the dispersion means to compensate for an optical path difference of the spatial synthetic aperture system.
3. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 2, further comprising a multi-wavelength optical path length compensation device disposed in the mode division multiplexing device for dispersion compensation.
4. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 3 wherein said multi-wavelength optical path length compensation means is a five-dimensional adjustment mechanism;
the five-dimensional adjusting mechanism comprises two optical wedges, a guide shaft and a voice coil motor which are arranged in parallel.
5. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 1, further comprising at least one flat lens for converging each of the light beams exiting the light splitting device, disposed between the light splitting device and the coupling assembly.
6. The spatially synthetic aperture system of claim 5, wherein said coupling component is at least one gradient index lens.
7. The spatially synthetic aperture system of claim 1, wherein the mode division multiplexing device is an optical fiber or photonic lantern that is multimode at one end and single mode at the other end.
8. The spatially synthetic aperture system of claim 1, wherein the dispersive device is a waveguide grating array.
9. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 7, further comprising a single mode optical fiber for spatially filtering the adjustment signal formed by the signal receiving means.
10. The spatial synthetic aperture system of claim 1, wherein the control means is a piezoelectric device or a thermally driven device.
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| CN115046476B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-05-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Sparse aperture telescope edge sensing method |
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| CA2296746A1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Diffractive optics with synthetic aperture and variable focal length and laser cutting device incorporating such an optics |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2296746A1 (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-01-28 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Diffractive optics with synthetic aperture and variable focal length and laser cutting device incorporating such an optics |
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| CN105700128A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | Co-phasing control device and control method for spliced telescope |
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| 合成孔径雷达***建模、仿真与信号处理初探;陈 涛，等;《航空电子技术》;20070930;第38卷(第3期);第37-41、46页 * |
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