CN113720851A - Dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method - Google Patents
Dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous rock mass monitoring and early warning, in particular to a dangerous rock mass acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method. And S1 selecting an object: a dangerous rock mass of the threatened object exists below the rock mass; s2 instrument installation: the method comprises the following steps that an alarm instrument is arranged on a mountain body which is stable at the inner side or the side of a dangerous rock body, the alarm instrument comprises a control module, and a monitoring instrument is arranged on the dangerous rock body or between the dangerous rock body and a crack of the mountain body; s3 initial data acquisition: through two modes of a monitoring instrument and manual observation, the size, the shape, the height, the inclination direction, the inclination angle, the displacement, the crack width, the landing terrain condition of the dangerous rock mass and the data of the distribution of the threatened object are acquired, and the manually acquired data is input into the monitoring instrument. The technical scheme is used for monitoring the dangerous rock mass in real time, and simultaneously, when the dangerous rock mass collapses, the sound and light alarm signal is sent out at the first time, and a safe escape path is pointed out to threatened people, so that the personal safety of the people is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous rock mass monitoring, in particular to an acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for dangerous rock masses.
Background
Some rock masses have major conditions for collapse and have a pre-collapse phenomenon although the rock masses are not collapsed, so that the rock masses are predicted to be collapsed for a long time and are called dangerous rock masses. Dangerous rock masses are potentially collapsing bodies. The main basis of the judgment is that the height difference is large, or the slope body is an isolated and steep hill mouth, and a huge concave steep slope facing the empty surface is arranged in front of the slope body; cracks develop in the slope body, the rock mass structure is incomplete, and a large number of cracks or weak zones which have the same inclination with the slope or extend in parallel are formed; the development of collapse objects at the toe indicates that a collapse event has occurred; the tension cracks appear on the slope body and continuously expand.
Because the collapse of dangerous rock mass has uncertainty, if people in the collapse range collapse under the state of unknown, then will cause very big casualties and loss, consequently also a lot of devices that monitor and early warning dangerous rock mass have appeared in prior art, and the current device usually adopts sound, light monitoring early warning method, and although the people can experience danger warning, can't accurate perception to the threat range of dangerous rock mass, so when dangerous rock mass early warning, the people can only withdraw according to subjective feeling or the route that daily acceptance management department or professional technical personnel's training suggested. In addition, if the collapse path of the dangerous rock body is changed, people cannot be informed of a new evacuation path at the first time, and danger cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical deficiencies, the present invention provides an acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for dangerous rock mass, which is used for monitoring the dangerous rock mass in real time, and simultaneously sending out an alarm signal at the first time when the dangerous rock mass collapses, and displaying a dangerous area to the threatened masses and indicating a safe escape path to ensure the personal safety of the masses.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
and S1 selecting an object: a dangerous rock mass of the threatened object exists below the rock mass;
s2 instrument installation: the method comprises the following steps that an alarm instrument is arranged on a mountain body which is stable at the inner side or the side of a dangerous rock body, the alarm instrument comprises a control module, and a monitoring instrument is arranged on the dangerous rock body or between the dangerous rock body and a crack of the mountain body;
s3 initial data acquisition: collecting the size, shape, height, inclination direction, inclination angle, displacement, crack width, sliding terrain condition of the dangerous rock mass and the data of the distribution of the threatened objects through a manual survey or monitoring instrument, and summarizing and transmitting the collected presentation data to a control module;
s4 determining the collapse area and direction of the dangerous rocks: the control module determines the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body according to the dangerous rock body inclination direction data acquired by the monitoring instrument in real time or in a manual investigation mode, and transversely adjusts the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight; comprehensively calculating according to the size, shape and height of the dangerous rock mass and the falling terrain condition or comprehensively judging the threat area when the dangerous rock mass collapses in a mode of combining with manual assistance, inputting the parameters of the threat area into a control module, and then adjusting the irradiation width and intensity of an early warning spotlight in the alarm device through the control module or in a mode of combining with manual instructions;
s5 threshold setting: setting early warning threshold values of various parameters of the dangerous rock mass according to the acquired data;
s6 early warning mode: (1) when the monitoring data do not exceed the threshold value, the monitoring instrument continuously monitors the dangerous rock mass, the control module obtains the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass according to the real-time monitoring data of the inclined direction of the dangerous rock mass or a manual investigation input mode, and controls the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight to be always located in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass; (2) when the monitoring data exceed the threshold value, the control module controls the alarm horn to give out alarm sound, and simultaneously the control module controls the early-warning spotlight to sweep or cover and irradiate the collapse threat area in the collapse direction.
Further inject, the monitoring instrument includes one or several kinds in incline direction monitor, inclination monitor, crack monitor or the GNSS monitor, the monitor can carry out real-time supervision to incline direction, inclination, crack width and the displacement of dangerous rock mass to transmit monitoring data to in the control module in real time. The dangerous rock mass early warning system has the beneficial effects that the collapse direction and the collapse critical point of the dangerous rock mass can be predicted by monitoring the inclination direction, the inclination angle, the displacement and the crack width of the dangerous rock mass in real time, so that the control module can control the early warning horn and the early warning spotlight to give early warning.
Further limited, the alarm instrument comprises a mounting bracket, and a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, an early warning spotlight and an alarm horn which are arranged on the mounting bracket, the early warning spotlight is arranged on the upper part of the mounting bracket through a rotating mechanism, the rotating mechanism is electrically connected with the control module, the dangerous rock mass collapse monitoring device has the advantages that the control module controls the transverse rotation of the rotating mechanism by receiving real-time monitoring data of the monitoring instrument on the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass or judging the inclination direction or the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass through manual investigation, so that the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight is always consistent with the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass, and the control module controls the longitudinal rotation of the rotating mechanism to enable the early warning spotlight to sweep or cover and irradiate in the collapse area, so that threatened people can know the collapse path and area of the dangerous rock mass in advance, and the threatened people can conveniently react and escape in advance. When the early warning spotlight is used for sweeping and irradiating, the longitudinal rotation angle range of the rotating mechanism can be set and adjusted according to the range of the dangerous rock body threat area, so that the early warning spotlight can irradiate all the threat areas of the dangerous rock body, and the dangerous rock body threat area is not enlarged or reduced, thereby causing unnecessary panic or influencing safety.
Further limiting, the early warning spotlight irradiates all areas where dangerous rock bodies collapse under the driving of the rotating mechanism, light emitted by the early warning spotlight is divided into an inner color area and an outer color area, the inner color area is a dangerous area, and the outer color area is a safety area. The early warning spotlight has the advantages that when the early warning spotlight is installed, the installation height of the early warning spotlight is determined according to a collapse area, the middle shelter and the like are avoided, the irradiation effect of the early warning spotlight is ensured, meanwhile, the color separation areas are arranged, the danger area and the safety area can be visually indicated for people, and people who lack of professional knowledge can be aware of danger and evacuate to the safety area at the first time.
The light in the safety area of the early warning spotlight is arranged on two sides of the danger area, and the light at the edge of the danger area is in an arrow-shaped image, so that the early warning spotlight has the advantages that the light is convenient to understand by the threatened people, the arrow-shaped image can indicate an escape route for threatened people, and the arrow can be generated by the early warning spotlight or provided by a laser light which is independently arranged.
Further limiting, an infrared detector is arranged on the upper portion or the lower portion of the early warning spotlight, the infrared detector is electrically connected with the power supply module and the control module, the movement track of the infrared detector is consistent with that of the early warning spotlight, when the infrared detector sweeps along with the early warning spotlight in a dangerous rock collapse area, the detection range of the infrared detector covers the whole dangerous rock collapse area, the infrared detector has the advantages that when weather is clear, the light irradiation effect of the early warning spotlight is not obvious, at the moment, whether personnel are in the dangerous rock collapse area or not can be known through sweeping in the collapse area, if the personnel are located in the dangerous rock collapse area, the control module locates the personnel through the infrared scanning result, then the personnel in the collapse area can be irradiated to the bodies of the personnel through an additionally arranged light source at fixed points, the personnel are reminded of rapidly evacuating, and the light source is preferably a laser lamp with an arrow pattern, the control module controls the angle and the rotation direction of the laser lamp so that the arrow pattern points to the direction of the safety area in real time.
The dangerous area is further limited to be red light, the safety area is internally provided with white light, the red light has the advantages that the penetrating power of the red light is strong, the red light has a good irradiation effect in the environment of being full of dust at night, rainy days, foggy days or collapse, the red light has a psychological danger warning effect, namely, the dangerous area prompting effect is achieved, and the white light is used for lighting, so that the threatened masses can escape at night.
The monitoring instrument further comprises a rainfall monitor, the rainfall monitor is electrically connected with the control module, and when the data of other monitoring instruments exceed the early warning threshold and the monitoring data of the rainfall monitor exceed the rainfall matching early warning threshold set in the control module, the control module controls the early warning spotlight to expand the sweeping or covering area of collapse of the dangerous rock mass in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass; when the data of other monitoring instruments do not exceed the early warning threshold value and the data of the rainfall monitor exceed the independent early warning threshold value of the rainfall, the control module controls the early warning spotlight to sweep the dangerous rock body threat area in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body, the beneficial effects are that if the dangerous rock mass collapse occurs in rainy days, under the action of rainwater, the rolling friction force of the dangerous rock mass collapse stone is reduced, the dangerous rock mass collapse stone is possibly beyond the preset collapse threat area, therefore, when the monitoring data of the rainfall monitor exceeds the rainfall and is matched with the early warning threshold value, the control module controls the early warning spotlight to enlarge the scanning range or cover the irradiation range, further ensuring the threatened masses to escape to the outside of the safety area, meanwhile, due to the inducing effect of heavy rainfall on dangerous rock mass collapse, when the heavy rainfall exceeds the rainfall independent early warning threshold value, the early warning of sweeping or covering irradiation without enlarging the collapse range of the dangerous rock mass needs to be carried out in advance for ensuring safety.
Further limiting, at least one group of alarm indicator lamps are arranged in a threat area below the dangerous rock mass from top to bottom, each group of alarm indicator lamps is perpendicular to the main direction of collapse and rolling of the dangerous rock mass and is arranged according to the width of 1.5 times of the danger area of the collapse of the dangerous rock mass, and a pressure trigger corresponding to the alarm indicator lamps is arranged at the interval of 1-20m between the inner side of the danger area of the dangerous rock mass and the alarm indicator lamps, so that the dangerous rock mass and the soil are extruded to the pressure trigger in the collapse range when the dangerous rock mass collapses, the alarm indicator lamps outside the pressure trigger are lightened at the moment, the threatened group is alarmed, the threatened group can be ensured to be safe only by escaping to the outside of the paths drawn by the lightened alarm indicator lamps, the lightening of the alarm indicator lamps is consistent with the actual time of the collapse of the dangerous rock mass and the paths of the collapsed rock mass, and the safety paths can be indicated for people to escape, the safety of personnel is further ensured; the pressure trigger is arranged on the inner side of the alarm indicator lamp at a certain interval, so that the alarm indicator lamp is prevented from being damaged and no alarm is given out when dangerous rock mass collapses.
Further, one or more sound alarm devices are arranged in the residential area of the threatened masses, the sound alarm devices are started when the early warning horns or the early warning spotlights are triggered, and alarm content is played.
Further inject, when the monitoring data that control module received monitoring instrument monitoring exceeded the threshold value, the very first time sent early warning information to staff's management terminal, and its beneficial part lies in, and the staff of being convenient for in time knows the state of danger rock mass, in time formulates emergent scheme and makes rescue preparation.
Further inject, still be provided with video monitoring device on the installing support, video monitoring device monitoring range covers all regions that dangerous rock mass threatened for look over the situation when early warning shot-light operation, its beneficial part lies in, makes things convenient for the staff to look over the working parameter and the state of early warning shot-light directly perceived at remote terminal whether normal, can in time make artificial intervention when unusual, prevents the system trouble and sends wrong early warning, further ensures safety.
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) through the monitoring and early warning method, before the dangerous rock body collapses, the dangerous rock body can be warned through sound at the first time in a mode of combining sound and light, the visual threat range of the threatened masses and the dangerous rock body is accurately reminded in a mode of sweeping back and forth through light or covering and irradiating, and the masses can be prevented from being dangerous when running out of the light irradiation range of the dangerous area. When the collapse path of the dangerous rock mass is changed, the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight and the irradiation intensity and width of the early warning spotlight can be adjusted in a mode that the control module automatically sends or manually sends instructions, intelligent early warning is achieved, and casualties and property loss are avoided. (2) The loss that dangerous rock mass collapses and causes at night is the biggest, because the sight of crowd is poor at night, can't discern the direction that dangerous rock mass assaulted, just get into the danger area when fleing away promptly easily, but this monitoring and early warning method sweeps (dangerous rock mass threat scope is great when can not covering, adopts the sweep mode) or cover and shine through early warning shot-light to the collapse route of dangerous rock mass, through this kind of mode to dangerous area sign, be convenient for the crowd definitely flee the route, the loss of dangerous rock mass when collapsing at night that can be very big reduction. (3) One or more groups of alarm indicating lamps and pressure triggers corresponding to the alarm indicating lamps are arranged below the dangerous rock body from top to bottom, so that the actual time and the collapse path of the dangerous rock body collapse can be displayed when the dangerous rock body collapses, and further warning and reminding effects can be played for the masses. (4) According to the size, the shape, the height and the topographic condition of the dangerous rock mass, the possible falling range of the dangerous rock mass and the dangerous rock mass collapse threat area are automatically calculated or artificially and comprehensively judged, then data are input into the control module through the communication module, the optimal light intensity and the optimal light width of the early warning spotlight and the optimal longitudinal rotating angle range of the rotating mechanism are set and adjusted, the setting and the adjustment of the irradiation range of the early warning spotlight are realized, the accurate and effective early warning of the dangerous area can be realized, the evacuation safety of the masses is ensured, on the other hand, the danger caused by the reduction of the early warning range is avoided, and the unnecessary panic is not caused by the blind expansion of the early warning range. (5) Set up a video monitoring device on the installing support, can look over the situation when the early warning shot-light moved constantly, make things convenient for the staff to look over the working parameter and the state of early warning shot-light whether normal directly perceivedly at remote terminal, can in time make human intervention when unusual, prevent that system's trouble from sending wrong early warning, further ensure safety.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an intelligent dangerous rock mass early warning in this embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of an intelligent dangerous rock early warning system in this embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent dangerous rock mass early warning process in this embodiment.
Reference numerals
Installing support 1, power module 2, communication module 3, control module 4, early warning loudspeaker 5, slewing mechanism 6, early warning shot-light 7.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, to implement the method in this technical scheme, a monitoring instrument and an alarm instrument set based on the method are required, the monitoring instrument includes one or more of a slope direction monitor, an inclination angle monitor, a crack monitor or a GNSS monitor, the monitor can monitor the slope direction, the inclination angle, the crack width and the displacement of the dangerous rock mass in real time, and transmit the monitoring data to the control module 4 in real time, through monitoring the slope direction, the inclination angle, the crack width and the displacement of the dangerous rock mass in real time, the collapse direction and the collapse critical point of the dangerous rock mass can be predicted, and a corresponding monitoring threshold is set, and the control module 4 sends an instruction to control the early warning horn 5 and the early warning spotlight 7 to give early warning in advance. The alarm instrument comprises a mounting bracket 1, the height of the mounting bracket 1 can be optimized according to the perspective condition, the early warning spotlight 7 can be ensured to irradiate a threat area after the collapse of the dangerous rock mass, a control module 4, a communication module 3, a power supply module 2, the early warning spotlight 7 and an early warning horn 5 are mounted on the mounting bracket 1, the early warning spotlight 7 is mounted on the upper part of the mounting bracket 1 through a rotating mechanism 6, the rotating mechanism 6 is electrically connected with the control module 4, the light source emission direction of the early warning spotlight 7 points to the inclination or collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass, the rotating mechanism 6 comprises the rotating freedom degrees in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and can be assembled through two rotating mechanisms or formed by combining the rotating mechanism and a connecting rod mechanism, the control module 4 receives real-time monitoring data of the monitoring instrument on the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass and controls the transverse rotation of the rotating mechanism 6, the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight 7 is always consistent with the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body, when monitoring data of the collapse direction or the inclination direction of the dangerous rock body does not exist, the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body can be analyzed and judged manually, and then the communication module 3 sends an instruction to the control module 4 remotely to adjust the transverse direction of the early warning spotlight to be consistent with the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body. When the data monitored by the monitoring instrument exceed the preset early warning threshold value, the control module 4 controls the rotating mechanism 6 to rotate longitudinally, so that the early warning spotlight 7 sweeps or covers and irradiates in a collapse area, threatened masses can know the collapse path and area of the dangerous rock mass in advance, and the threatened masses can react and escape in advance.
Preferably, the early warning spotlight 7 can sweep or cover all areas irradiated to collapse dangerous rock, when the early warning spotlight 7 is installed, the installation height of the early warning spotlight 7 is determined according to the collapse areas, shelters and the like are avoided in the middle, the irradiation effect of the early warning spotlight 7 is guaranteed, further, the longitudinal rotation angle range of the rotating mechanism 6 can be optimally set according to the threat range of collapse dangerous rock, all areas threatened by collapse dangerous rock can be swept by the early warning spotlight 7, meanwhile, unnecessary panic caused by enlarging the sweeping range of the early warning spotlight 7 is avoided, and danger caused by reducing the sweeping range of the early warning spotlight 7 is avoided. Further, the light emitted by the early warning spotlight 7 can be divided into two color areas, the red light color area represents a dangerous area, the white light color area represents a safe area, the white light color area is positioned on two sides of the red light color area, and the white light color area is beneficial to illumination for people to evacuate at night. Preferably, the light of the early warning spotlight 7 is in an arrow shape at the edge of the dangerous area, the direction of the arrow is perpendicular to the direction of the light beam of the early warning spotlight and points to the safe area, so that the escape route is indicated for the threatened people, and the arrow can be generated by the early warning spotlight or provided by two laser lights which are independently arranged and provided with arrow patterns.
According to the size, the shape and the height of the dangerous rock mass and the topographic conditions below the dangerous rock mass, the possible falling path and the threat range of the dangerous rock mass are automatically calculated or artificially analyzed and judged, and the light intensity and the width of the early warning spotlight 7 are remotely sent to the control module 4 through the communication module 3 to adjust the instruction. The upper part or the lower part of the early warning spotlight 7 is provided with an infrared detector, the infrared detector is electrically connected with the power supply module 2 and the control module 4, the motion trail of the infrared detector is consistent with that of the early warning spotlight 7, when the infrared detector sweeps along with the early warning spotlight 7 in a dangerous rock body collapse area, the detection range of the infrared detector can cover the whole dangerous rock body collapse threat area, when the day weather is clear, the light irradiation effect of the early warning spotlight 7 is not obvious, at the moment, the infrared detector can know whether personnel are in the dangerous rock body collapse threat area or not through sweeping in the collapse threat area, if the personnel are in the dangerous rock body collapse threat area, the control module positions the personnel through the scanning result of infrared rays, then the personnel in the collapse area can be irradiated to the bodies of the personnel through the light source at fixed points to remind the personnel of rapidly evacuating, the light source can be preferably a laser lamp, and the control module controls the angle and the rotation direction of the laser lamp, so that the arrow points to the safety zone in real time to prompt people to escape; to simplify the control, the function of the laser light here can be provided by the previously described laser light with an arrow pattern.
The monitoring instrument further comprises a rainfall monitor, the rainfall monitor is electrically connected with the control module 4, when monitoring data of other monitoring instruments exceed the early warning threshold and the rainfall monitor exceeds a rainfall matching threshold set in the control module 4, the control module 4 controls the early warning spotlight 7 to enlarge a sweeping or covering irradiation area of collapse of the dangerous rock body in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body, and the relation between the rainfall matching threshold of the rainfall monitoring and the sweeping or covering irradiation range is specifically that if the accumulated rainfall is less than 50mm within 3 hours, the sweeping range is unchanged; accumulating the rainfall for 3 hours to 50-100mm, and expanding the sweeping range by 20%; the accumulated rainfall is more than 100mm within 3 hours, and the range is enlarged by 50 percent. If dangerous rock mass collapse occurs in rainy days, under the action of rainwater, the rolling friction force of dangerous rock mass collapse stones is reduced, and the dangerous rock mass collapse stones are possibly beyond a preset collapse threat area during collapse, so that when the monitoring result of the rainfall monitor exceeds a threshold value, the control module 4 controls the early warning spotlight 7 to enlarge a sweeping range, and therefore it is further ensured that threatened people escape out of a safety area.
When the data of other monitoring instruments do not exceed the early warning threshold value and the data of the rainfall monitoring instrument exceed the independent early warning threshold value of rainfall, the control module controls the early warning spotlight 7 to sweep the dangerous rock body threat area in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body when the rainfall is greater than 100mm in the embodiment when the independent early warning threshold value of rainfall is set to be 3 hours. If dangerous rock body collapse occurs in rainy days, although data of other monitors do not exceed the early warning threshold value, due to the inducing effect of heavy rainfall on dangerous rock body collapse, early warning is needed to ensure safety in case of heavy rainfall.
Preferably, the light of the early warning spotlight 7 in the dangerous area is red light, the penetrating power of the red light is strong, the early warning spotlight has a good irradiation effect in rainy days, foggy days or environments where dust is fully distributed in the case of collapse, and meanwhile, the red light has a psychological danger warning effect, namely, a prompt effect on the dangerous area is achieved; the safe area is white light, and the white light is helpful for illumination of people for evacuation at night.
One or more groups of alarm indicating lamps are arranged in a threat area below a dangerous rock body from top to bottom, each group of alarm indicating lamps is perpendicular to the main direction of collapse and rolling of the dangerous rock body and is arranged according to the width 1.5 times of the danger area of the collapse of the dangerous rock body, and a pressure trigger corresponding to the alarm indicating lamps is arranged at the interval of 1-20m between the inner side of the danger area of the dangerous rock body and the alarm indicating lamps, in the embodiment, the alarm indicating lamps are preferably 10m, when the dangerous rock body collapses, dropped stones and soil can be extruded to the pressure trigger in the collapse range, the alarm indicating lamps corresponding to the outer sides of the pressure triggers can be lightened at the moment, so that the threatened group can be alarmed, the threatened group can only need to escape to be out of the paths drawn by the lightened alarm indicating lamps, the safety can be ensured, the lightening of the alarm indicating lamps can be consistent with the actual time and the collapse paths of the dangerous rock body, and the safety of personnel can escape from the paths, the safety of personnel is further ensured; the pressure trigger is arranged on the inner side of the alarm indicator lamp at a certain interval, so that the alarm indicator lamp is prevented from being damaged and no alarm is given out when dangerous rock mass collapses.
One or more sound alarm devices are arranged in the residential area of the threatened masses, the sound alarm devices are started when the early warning horn 5 or the early warning spotlight 7 is triggered, alarm content is played, and the alarm content of the sound alarm devices can be set and adjusted. When the monitoring data monitored by the monitoring instrument exceeds a threshold value, the control module sends early warning information to a management terminal of a worker at the first time. A video monitoring device is arranged on the mounting bracket 1, and the video monitoring device can realize horizontal and longitudinal free steering, so that all areas threatened by dangerous rock bodies can be covered, and the running state of the early warning spotlight 7 can be checked. Whether the working parameters and the state of the early warning spotlight are normal or not can be visually checked by a worker at the remote terminal conveniently, human intervention can be timely made when the early warning spotlight is abnormal, system faults are prevented from sending out false early warning, and safety is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 3, in summary, the method for monitoring and warning dangerous rock by combining sound and light comprises the following steps:
and S1 selecting an object: a dangerous rock mass of the threatened object exists below the rock mass; specifically, the dangerous rock mass is investigated or quarried on the spot through a field investigation or a mass reflection mode, and if a collapse risk exists, a monitoring device and an early warning device need to be installed on the dangerous rock mass.
S2 instrument installation: an alarm instrument is arranged on a mountain body which is stable at the inner side or the side of the dangerous rock body, and a monitoring instrument is arranged on the dangerous rock body or between the dangerous rock body and a crack of the mountain body; specifically, the alarm instrument mainly comprises a mounting bracket 1, a control module 4, a communication module 3, a power supply module 2, an early warning horn 5 and an early warning spotlight 7, and the monitoring instrument mainly comprises one or more of a tilt direction monitor, a tilt angle monitor, a crack monitor or a GNSS monitor.
S3 initial data acquisition: collecting the size, shape, height, inclination direction, inclination angle, displacement, crack width, slip terrain condition of the dangerous rock mass and the data of the distribution of the threatened objects by two modes of a monitoring instrument and manual observation, and manually inputting part of the data into the monitoring instrument; specifically, the data which are inconvenient for the monitoring instrument to survey, such as the size, the shape, the height and the like of the dangerous rock mass, are manually input.
S4 determining the collapse area and direction of the dangerous rock mass: the control module 4 determines the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body according to the dangerous rock body inclination direction data acquired by the monitoring instrument in real time or a manual investigation mode, transversely adjusts the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight 7, enables the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight to be consistent with the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body, comprehensively calculates the threat area when the dangerous rock body collapses according to the size, shape and height of the dangerous rock body and the falling terrain condition or comprehensively judges the threat area in a mode of combining with manual assistance, inputs the parameters of the threat area into the control module 4, and then adjusts the irradiation width and intensity of the early warning spotlight 7 in the alarm device through the control module 4; at this moment, the width and the intensity of the light source of the early warning spotlight 7 can be adjusted by sending an instruction to the control module 4 through the communication module 3 manually according to the data of the threat area.
S5 threshold setting: setting early warning threshold values of various parameters of the dangerous rock mass according to the acquired data; the most important parameters of the dangerous rock mass are set to include the inclination angle, the displacement and the crack width of the dangerous rock mass, and after the early warning threshold values of all the parameters can be investigated on site by professional technicians, the early warning threshold values are set in a targeted manner under the conditions of comprehensively considering safety and improving early warning efficiency according to factors such as the destruction mode, the disaster scale, the threat object and the loss which may be generated of the dangerous rock mass.
S6 early warning method: (1) when the monitoring data do not exceed the threshold value, the control module 4 obtains the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass according to the real-time monitoring data of the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass or a manual investigation input mode, and controls the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight 7 to be always positioned in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass; (2) when the monitoring data exceed the threshold value, the control module 4 controls the early warning loudspeaker 5 to give out an alarm sound, and meanwhile, the control module 4 controls the early warning spotlight 7 to sweep the collapse threat area in the collapse direction.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are used broadly in the present invention, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (12)
1. A dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and S1 selecting an object: a dangerous rock mass of the threatened object exists below the rock mass;
s2 instrument installation: the method comprises the following steps that an alarm instrument is arranged on a mountain body which is stable at the inner side or the side of a dangerous rock body, the alarm instrument comprises a control module, and a monitoring instrument is arranged on the dangerous rock body or between the dangerous rock body and a crack of the mountain body;
s3 initial data acquisition: collecting the size, shape, height, inclination direction, inclination angle, displacement, crack width, sliding terrain condition of the dangerous rock mass and the data of the distribution of the threatened objects through a manual survey or monitoring instrument, and summarizing and transmitting the collected presentation data to a control module;
s4 determining the collapse area and direction of the dangerous rocks: the control module determines the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body according to the dangerous rock body inclination direction data acquired by the monitoring instrument in real time or in a manual investigation mode, and transversely adjusts the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight; comprehensively calculating according to the size, shape and height of the dangerous rock mass and the falling terrain condition or comprehensively judging the threat area when the dangerous rock mass collapses in a mode of combining with manual assistance, inputting the parameters of the threat area into a control module, and then adjusting the irradiation width and intensity of an early warning spotlight in the alarm device through the control module or in a mode of combining with manual instructions;
s5 threshold setting: setting early warning threshold values of various parameters of the dangerous rock mass according to the acquired data;
s6 early warning mode: (1) when the monitoring data do not exceed the threshold value, the monitoring instrument continuously monitors the dangerous rock mass, the control module obtains the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass according to the real-time monitoring data of the inclined direction of the dangerous rock mass or a manual investigation input mode, and controls the irradiation direction of the early warning spotlight to be always located in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock mass; (2) when the monitoring data exceed the threshold value, the control module controls the alarm horn to give out alarm sound, and simultaneously the control module controls the early-warning spotlight to sweep or cover and irradiate the collapse threat area in the collapse direction.
2. The dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring instrument comprises one or more of a tilt direction monitor, a tilt angle monitor, a crack monitor or a GNSS monitor, the monitor monitors the tilt direction, the tilt angle, the crack width and the displacement of the dangerous rock body in real time and transmits monitoring data to the control module in real time.
3. The sound-light combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for the dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the warning instrument comprises a mounting bracket, and a control module, a communication module, a power supply module, an early warning spotlight and a warning horn which are mounted on the mounting bracket, the early warning spotlight is mounted on the upper part of the mounting bracket through a rotating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism is electrically connected with the control module.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the pre-warning light is driven by the rotating mechanism to illuminate all areas of the collapse of the dangerous rock, and the light emitted from the pre-warning light is divided into an inner color zone and an outer color zone, wherein the inner color zone is a dangerous zone and the outer color zone is a safe zone.
5. The method for acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning of dangerous rock masses according to claim 4, wherein light rays in the safety area of the early warning spotlight are arranged on two sides of the dangerous area, the light rays on the edge of the dangerous area are in an arrow-shaped image, and the arrow direction points to the safety area.
6. The dangerous rock body acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein an infrared detector is arranged on the upper portion or the lower portion of the early warning spotlight, the infrared detector is electrically connected with the power supply module and the control module, the motion trail of the infrared detector is consistent with that of the early warning spotlight, and when the infrared detector scans in a dangerous rock body collapse area along with the early warning spotlight, the detection range of the infrared detector covers the whole dangerous rock body collapse area.
7. The sound-light combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for dangerous rock masses according to claim 4, wherein red light is used in the dangerous area, and white light is used in the safe area.
8. The dangerous rock mass acousto-optic combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring instrument further comprises a rainfall monitor, the rainfall monitor is electrically connected with the control module, and when data of other monitoring instruments exceed an early warning threshold and monitoring data of the rainfall monitor exceed a rainfall matching early warning threshold set in the control module, the control module controls the early warning spotlight to expand the swept or covered irradiation area of the dangerous rock mass collapse in the dangerous rock mass collapse direction; when the data of other monitoring instruments do not exceed the early warning threshold value and the data of the rainfall monitoring instrument exceed the independent early warning threshold value of the rainfall, the control module controls the early warning spotlight to sweep or cover and irradiate the dangerous rock body threat area in the collapse direction of the dangerous rock body.
9. The method for intelligently monitoring and early warning the dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, wherein at least one group of alarm indicating lamps are arranged in a vulnerable area below the dangerous rock mass from top to bottom, each group of alarm indicating lamps is perpendicular to the main direction of collapse and rolling of the dangerous rock mass, and is arranged according to the width of 1.5 times of the dangerous rock mass collapse threat area, and a pressure trigger corresponding to the dangerous rock mass collapse threat area is arranged at the interval of 1-20m between the inner side of the dangerous rock mass threat area and the alarm indicating lamps.
10. The sound-light combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for the dangerous rock mass as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more sound alarm devices are arranged in the residential area of the threatened masses, and the sound alarm devices are started when an early warning horn or an early warning spotlight is triggered and play the alarm content.
11. The sound-light combined intelligent dangerous rock mass monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein when monitoring data monitored by the monitoring instrument received by the control module exceeds a threshold value, early warning information is sent to a management terminal of a worker at the first time.
12. The sound-light combined intelligent monitoring and early warning method for the dangerous rock masses according to claim 1, wherein a video monitoring device is further arranged on the mounting bracket, and the monitoring range of the video monitoring device covers all areas threatened by the dangerous rock masses and is used for checking the running state of the early warning spotlight.
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