CN113716996B - Method for fertilizing and enhancing trunk of red-leaf poplar variety - Google Patents
Method for fertilizing and enhancing trunk of red-leaf poplar variety Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fertilizing and enhancing the efficiency of a red-leaf poplar variety trunk. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a nutrient solution, namely preparing a mother solution of the nutrient solution I: adding 88-92g of ammonium nitrate, 38-42g of potassium chloride, 28-32g of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of ferrous sulfate, 1.8-2.2g of copper sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium sulfate, 0.9-1.1g of zinc sulfate and 28-32g of boric acid into 1L of purified water; mother liquor of nutrient solution II: adding 8-12g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8-2.2g of zinc sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium nitrate, 5.5-6.5g of ferrous sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of copper sulfate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 5.5-6.5g of sugar alcohol calcium, 28-32g of boric acid and 5.5-6.5g of cane sugar into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring; then adding 4.5-5.5g of citric acid, and quickly stirring; adding cornflower pigment 3.8-4.2g and malvidin 1.8-2.2g, and stirring thoroughly; (2) diluting the mother liquor of the nutrient solution I and the mother liquor of the nutrient solution II by 20-30 times, and injecting the diluent of the nutrient solution I and the diluent of the nutrient solution II into the red-leaf poplar variety in early spring to autumn. The method promotes the trunk of the red-leaf poplar variety to grow roughly, and improves the color, luster, quality and stability of leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of colorful foliage trees, and particularly relates to a method for fertilizing and enhancing the effect of a trunk of a red-leaf poplar variety.
Background
The Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar are '2025' poplar bud color-changed leaf varieties which are successively discovered in 2000 and are collectively called red-leaf poplar, and the Chinese red-leaf poplar and the whole red-leaf poplar respectively obtain the protection rights of new varieties of national forest trees in 2006 and 2011. The red-leaf poplar variety is used as a rare color-leaf arbor variety, and fills a gap in breeding poplar trees used in China.
The red-leaf poplar variety 'Chinese red poplar' has unique and rich leaf color, but has reduced growth vigor compared with '2025' poplar, 'whole Chinese red poplar' has reduced growth obviously compared with 'Chinese red poplar', especially has coarse growth. The color quality of the leaves of the colored-leaf plants is a core index of the ornamental value of the colored-leaf plants and is also an important factor influencing the commercial value. The anthocyanin content of leaves of the full red poplar at different periods of growing seasons is 1.60-3.86 times that of the full red poplar and 4.45-13.73 times that of the full red poplar of the 2025 poplar; the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the whole red poplar in different periods is 1.04-1.36 times of that of the leaves of the whole red poplar and 1.12-2.12 times of that of the leaves of the whole red poplar, namely the whole red poplar, 2025. The leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the full red poplar newly developed in spring have bright and bright colors and extremely high ornamental value, but the colors of the leaves are gradually changed along with the growth season, the purple color of the Chinese red poplar leaves is changed into dark green from the purple color of the first spring in summer, the leaves of the full red poplar is changed into dark purple from bright red, the glossiness is obviously reduced, and the ornamental quality is reduced.
Previous studies have shown that: seasonal variation and proportion of leaf pigments of 'whole red poplar' and 'middle red poplar' directly affect the expression of leaf color, mainly depend on the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll, wherein the difference of anthocyanin contents is most obvious, and anthocyanin is the main pigment affecting the difference of leaf colors of 'whole red poplar', 'middle red poplar' and '2025' and is also an important reason causing the color development effect of 'whole red poplar' and 'middle red poplar' to be different. Therefore, the method for fertilizing and synergizing the trunk of the red-leaf poplar variety is needed to increase the trunk coarse growth of the red-leaf poplar variety, improve the leaf color quality and stability, increase the overall quality of the tree, improve the application and ornamental value of the nursery stock and bring breakthrough progress for the development of the planting industry of red-leaf trees such as the red-leaf poplar variety and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems that the trunk thickness of the red-leaf poplar variety cultivated by the prior art is reduced in different degrees and the color and luster ornamental quality of leaves in growing seasons are unstable, the method for the tree trunk fertilization and the efficiency improvement of the red-leaf poplar variety is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for fertilizing and enhancing the efficiency of a trunk of a red-leaf poplar variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of nutrient solution
Mother liquor of nutrient solution I: adding 88-92g of ammonium nitrate, 38-42g of potassium chloride, 28-32g of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of ferrous sulfate, 1.8-2.2g of copper sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium sulfate, 0.9-1.1g of zinc sulfate and 28-32g of boric acid into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring until the ammonium nitrate, the potassium chloride, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the manganese sulfate are completely dissolved;
mother liquor of nutrient solution II: adding 8-12g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8-2.2g of zinc sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium nitrate, 5.5-6.5g of ferrous sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of copper sulfate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 5.5-6.5g of sugar alcohol calcium, 28-32g of boric acid and 5.5-6.5g of cane sugar into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved; then adding 4.5-5.5g of citric acid, and rapidly stirring until the citric acid is completely dissolved; adding cyanidin 3.8-4.2g and malvidin 1.8-2.2g, and stirring to dissolve completely;
(2) diluting the mother liquor of the nutrient solution I and the mother liquor of the nutrient solution II by 20-30 times, and injecting the diluent of the nutrient solution I and the diluent of the nutrient solution II to the trunk of the red-leaf poplar variety from early spring to autumn.
The invention mainly realizes the whole quality optimization of the trees of the red-leaf poplar variety. By adopting the technical scheme, the nutrient solution I and the nutrient solution II are reasonably injected and applied, so that the crude growth of the trunk of the red-leaf poplar variety can be obviously improved, and meanwhile, the photosynthesis rate and the activity of the anthocyanidin synthetase of the leaves are also obviously improved, which is closely related to the obvious increase of the contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin in the leaves. And then the red hue a and the brightness L of the leaves are improved, the color generation effect and the stability of the plant leaves in the growing season are obviously improved, and the method has important significance for improving the ornamental value and the stress resistance of the red poplar variety trees. It should be noted that, in forest lands where the soil fertility is weak, a proper amount of soil needs to be applied to maintain the soil to have a certain fertility.
The nutrient solution I mainly aims to increase the coarse growth of the tree trunk of the nursery stock, the nutrient solution contains higher nitrogen, potassium and phosphate fertilizers, the nitrogen fertilizer can promote the branches and the trunk to be more flourishing, the potassium and the phosphate fertilizers can promote the root system to be more developed, the coarse growth of the tree is obviously improved after the infusion and fertilization, and the tree body is stronger. The 2-year coarse growth amount of the middle red poplar and the whole red poplar which are injected with the nutrient solution I is increased by 26.5 percent and 27.6 percent compared with that of the conventional soil-fertilized trees.
As the tree trunk is used for transfusion fertilization, in order to prevent ammonium salt poisoning possibly caused by direct input of ammonium nitrogen into the plant body, in the method, the nitrogen is selected from nitrate nitrogen, part of the nitrate nitrogen enters the plant body and is reduced into ammonium nitrogen and metabolized in cytoplasm, and the rest part of the nitrate nitrogen can be stored in vacuole of cells, so that the higher concentration can be achieved sometimes without adverse effect on the plant.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mother liquor of the nutrient solution I comprises the following substances: purified water is used as a solvent, 90g of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate), 40g of potassium (potassium chloride), 30g of phosphorus (monopotassium phosphate), 5g of manganese (manganese sulfate), 3g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 2g of copper (copper sulfate), 40g of magnesium (magnesium sulfate), 1g of zinc (zinc sulfate) and 30g of boron (boric acid) are added into 1L of purified water, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved.
The nutrient solution II contains trace elements of zinc, magnesium, iron, copper and boron for auxiliary synthesis and chlorophyll stabilization, so that the carbon assimilation of the leaves is well promoted, and the stress resistance of the plants is improved; potassium, sugar alcohol calcium and sucrose promote pigment synthesis and storage accumulation, and have good effect of improving the color quality of the leaves. Meanwhile, potassium, manganese, magnesium and other elements can activate some important pigment metabolic enzyme reactions to promote the synthesis and accumulation of leaf pigment anthocyanin. The addition of a certain amount of citric acid can make the trace elements have higher biological activity and be more beneficial to absorption and conversion. Therefore, compared with the nutrient solution I only used for injection, the contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll of the red poplar variety are obviously improved by the nutrient solution I + II used for injection, the contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll of the 'middle red poplar' are respectively increased by 34.53% and 19.38%, the contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll of the 'full red poplar' are respectively increased by 12.86% and 11.92%, and the color and luster are full and beautiful. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the full red poplar is greatly improved by injecting the nutrient solution I + II, the Pn is increased by 91.22 percent and 70.73 percent respectively compared with the conventional soil fertilization, the effect is far higher than that of only injecting the nutrient solution I, and the function and the quality of the trees are greatly improved.
In addition, water-soluble anthocyanins (cyanidin and malvidin) are added into the nutrient solution II, the cyanidin is purple red, the malvidin is blue, the anthocyanins can be synthesized by taking glucoside as a carrier, and the anthocyanins can keep the stability of the anthocyanins in vacuoles by utilizing adsorption, co-coloration and self-polymerization. In addition, anthocyanins can also be associated with Al in the vacuoles 3+ ，K + ，Fe 2+ ，Fe 3+ ，Mg 2+ ，Cu 2+ ，Mo + The metal ions are chelated to form a stable and highly colored metal complex, which can improve the color of the anthocyanin and improve the stability of the anthocyanin. Therefore, the nutrient solution II adjusts the content of partial components of the nutrient solution I, simultaneously selectively adds manganese, sugar alcohol calcium and anthocyanin species, the red hue a value and the brightness L value of the leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar injected and input into the nutrient solution II are obviously increased, and meanwhile, the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in the leaves are obviously increasedAlso has obvious improvement, which plays an important role in improving the leaf color stability and color quality of red poplar varieties. The effect of inputting the nutrient solution II by injection is better than that of spraying the nutrient solution II on the leaf surfaces.
In addition, the invention also discovers that the nutrient solution II greatly improves the activity of anthocyanin synthetase ANS in the leaves of the red-leaf poplar variety, the increase is more than 52.8% compared with the nutrient solution I only applied by injection, and the foliar spraying effect is obviously higher than that of the leaf surface, so that the nutrient solution II can effectively activate some important pigment metabolic enzyme reactions, promote the synthesis and accumulation of leaf pigments, and has the best effect when the nutrient solution I and II are applied by injection.
Preferably, the mother liquor of the nutrient solution II comprises the following substances: purified water is used as a solvent, 10g of potassium (monopotassium phosphate), 2g of zinc (zinc sulfate), 40g of magnesium (magnesium nitrate), 6g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 3g of copper (copper sulfate), 5g of manganese (manganese sulfate), 6g of sugar alcohol calcium, 30g of boron (boric acid) and 6g of cane sugar are added into 1L of purified water, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved. Then 5g of citric acid was added and stirred rapidly. Then adding cyanidin 4g and malvidin 2g, and fully stirring until completely dissolving.
Preferably, the specific steps of applying the diluent of the nutrient solution I and the nutrient solution II in the step (2) are as follows: and (3) injecting a diluent of the nutrient solution I and the nutrient solution II into the trunk of the red-leaf poplar variety. The nutrient solution I adopts tree trunk transfusion fertilization, in order to prevent ammonium salt poisoning possibly caused by direct input of ammonium nitrogen into a plant body, the nitrogen in the nutrient solution I is nitrate nitrogen, part of the nitrate nitrogen enters the plant body and is reduced into ammonium nitrogen and metabolized in cytoplasm, and the rest part of the nitrate nitrogen can be stored in vacuole of cells, so that the higher concentration can not cause adverse effect on the plant sometimes.
Preferably, regarding the time of injection fertilization, the nutrient solution I is most important injected before the bud sprouts in early spring, can quickly supplement nutrition and store for trees in the growing period, promotes the branches and the stems to be more flourishing and the root systems to be more developed, and can obviously increase the rough growth of the trees.
The nutrient solution II is most important for injection in spring and summer, can obviously increase the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in leaves, can effectively prevent and improve the dark color phenomenon of the leaves of the red poplar variety in summer, enhances the color fullness of the leaves, and keeps the leaves beautiful and well-growing.
In addition, the infusion fertilization starts at 10 o' clock after the air temperature rises in the morning, and the injection hole is sealed by soil after the injection is finished in 24 hours, so that the wound healing is facilitated.
Preferably, the method for injection fertilization comprises the following specific steps:
the trunk is injected with a diluent of nutrient solution I: and (4) drilling holes in the direction of the tree center by using a power drill in the east and west directions of about 40-50cm away from the ground of the trunk. The aperture is 0.5-0.8cm, the inclination angle is about 20-30 degrees, the inclination angle is properly increased when the diameter of the trunk is small, and the nutrient solution is ensured not to leak. The depth of the hole is 1/2-2/3(4-6cm) of the dry diameter, the hole opening is kept smooth, and the excessive damage of the bark is avoided. After the tree hole is drilled, the saw dust in the hole is cleaned, the hole is filled into a transparent plastic pipe of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, the transparent plastic pipe is inserted into the newly-born xylem part under the tree according to the standard, the nutrient solution is not leaked, and the edge of the hole opening is sealed by soil mixed glue and sawdust. The plastic tube is connected to a 500mL infusion bag filled with the diluent of the nutrient solution I, and the infusion bag is fixed 50-100cm above the hole. It can be understood that, in order to make the nutrition input in all directions of the trunk balanced as much as possible, the big tree with the diameter at breast height of more than 20 cm can also increase different drilling directions to increase the number of the drilled holes by 1-2.
And (3) injecting a diluent of nutrient solution II into the tree trunk: selecting 2-3 secondary trunk branches in different directions from the bottom to the top of the trunk, and drilling holes in the direction of the tree center by using a power drill at the position 30cm below the branches respectively. The aperture is 0.5-0.7cm, the inclination angle is about 20-30 degrees, the inclination angle is properly increased when the diameter of the trunk is small, and the nutrient solution is ensured not to leak. The depth of the hole is about 1/2-2/3(3-4cm) of the dry diameter, and the hole opening is kept smooth, so that the excessive damage of the bark is avoided. After the tree hole is drilled, the saw dust in the hole is cleaned, the hole is filled into a transparent plastic pipe of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, the insertion depth standard is that the newly-born xylem under the tree is reached, the nutrient solution is not leaked, and the edge of the hole opening is sealed by soil mixed glue and sawdust. The plastic tube is connected to a 500mL transfusion bag filled with a nutrient solution II diluent, and the transfusion bag is fixed 50-100cm above the hole.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the nutrient solution I contains higher nitrogen, potassium and phosphate fertilizer, so that the tree growth is obviously improved after infusion and fertilization, and the tree body is stronger;
(2) the tree trunk is used for transfusion fertilization, so that ammonium salt poisoning can occur due to the fact that ammonium nitrogen is directly input into a plant body, nitrogen in the nutrient solution I is nitrate nitrogen, after the nitrate nitrogen enters the plant body, a part of the nitrate nitrogen is reduced into the ammonium nitrogen and is metabolized in cytoplasm, the rest part of the nitrate nitrogen can be stored in vacuoles of cells, and the plant cannot be adversely affected even when higher concentration is achieved;
(3) when the nutrient solution I + II is applied by injection, the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in the red poplar leaves are improved compared with the nutrient solution I only injected, and the nutrient solution II has obvious effect of increasing the pigment content in the leaves. Compared with the nutrient solution I and II which are only injected with leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll content of red poplar, the nutrient solution I and II are respectively increased by 34.53% and 19.38%, the whole red poplar is respectively increased by 12.86% and 11.92%, and the leaves are full and beautiful in color and luster;
(4) when the nutrient solution I + II is injected, the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves is obviously improved, the photosynthesis of the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar Pn are respectively increased by 91.22 percent and 70.73 percent compared with the conventional soil fertilization, the effect is far higher than that of the nutrient solution I only injected, and the function and the quality of trees are obviously improved;
(5) the nutrient solution II is used for adjusting partial components and content of the nutrient solution I, manganese, sugar alcohol calcium and anthocyanin types are selectively added, the red hue a value and the brightness L value of the leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar which are injected and input into the nutrient solution II are obviously increased, and meanwhile, the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in the leaves are also obviously improved, so that the important effect of improving the leaf color stability and color quality of the red poplar variety is achieved. The effect of inputting the nutrient solution II by injection is better than that of spraying the nutrient solution II on the leaf surfaces.
(6) The nutrient solution II is applied by injection, so that the activity of anthocyanin synthetase ANS in the leaves of the red-leaf poplar variety is greatly improved, the increase is higher than 52.8% compared with that of the nutrient solution I only applied by injection and the spraying effect of the leaves is obviously higher, the nutrient solution II can activate some important pigment metabolic enzyme reactions, the synthesis and accumulation of the leaf pigments are promoted, and the effect of the nutrient solution I and II applied by injection is the best;
(7) the invention has the advantages of less dosage of fertilizer injection, environmental protection, full and rapid absorption and high-efficiency utilization of the fertilizer by the tree body, simultaneously avoids the pollution of the environment (soil, water source and air), and overcomes the defect that part of elements in the traditional soil fertilization and leaf spraying are difficult to be absorbed by root systems and leaves or are easy to be fixed by the soil and dry leaves to cause the fertility waste.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1 feeding of nutrient solutions I + II
(1) Preparing a nutrient solution:
the mother solution of the nutrient solution I comprises the following substances: purified water is used as a solvent, 90g of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate), 40g of potassium (potassium chloride), 30g of phosphorus (monopotassium phosphate), 5g of manganese (manganese sulfate), 3g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 2g of copper (copper sulfate), 40g of magnesium (magnesium sulfate), 1g of zinc (zinc sulfate) and 30g of boron (boric acid) are added into 1L of purified water, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved.
The nutrient solution II mother liquor comprises the following substances: purified water is used as a solvent, 10g of potassium (monopotassium phosphate), 2g of zinc (zinc sulfate), 40g of magnesium (magnesium nitrate), 6g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 3g of copper (copper sulfate), 5g of manganese (manganese sulfate), 6g of sugar alcohol calcium, 30g of boron (boric acid) and 6g of cane sugar are added into 1L of purified water, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved. Then 5g of citric acid was added and stirred rapidly. Adding anthocyanin-cyanidin 4g and anthocyanin-malvidin 2g, and stirring thoroughly to dissolve completely.
And (4) storing the mother solution of the nutrient solution I and the mother solution of the nutrient solution II in a refrigerator at 0-5 ℃ for later use. Diluting 20 times when using, and filling into 500mL transfusion bag (or transfusion bottle).
(2) Fertilization object: the diameter at breast height is more than 7cm for Chinese red poplar and whole red poplar.
(3) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
trunk injection nutrient solution I: and (4) drilling holes in the direction of the tree center by using a power drill in the east and west directions of about 40-50cm away from the ground of the trunk. The aperture is 0.6cm and is inclined downwards by about 20 degrees. The depth of the hole is 2/3 with dry diameter, and the hole opening is kept smooth, thus avoiding the excessive damage of the bark. After the tree hole is drilled, the saw dust in the hole is cleaned, the hole is filled into a transparent plastic pipe of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.6cm, the transparent plastic pipe is inserted into the newly born xylem with the standard of reaching the tree below, the nutrient solution is prevented from leaking, and the edge of the hole opening is sealed by soil mixed glue and sawdust. The plastic tube was connected to a 500mL infusion bag containing a diluent of nutrient solution i, which was fixed 80cm above the opening.
And (3) injecting a nutrient solution II into the tree trunk: the trunk selects 2 secondary trunk branches in different directions from bottom to top, and holes are drilled in the direction of the tree center by a power drill at the positions 30cm below the branches respectively. The aperture is 0.6cm and is inclined downwards by about 20 degrees. The depth of the hole is about 2/3 of the dry diameter, and the hole opening is kept smooth, so that the excessive damage to the bark is avoided. After the tree hole is drilled, the saw dust in the hole is cleaned, the hole is filled into a transparent plastic pipe of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.6cm, the insertion depth standard is that the newly-born xylem under the tree is reached, the nutrient solution is not leaked, and the edge of the hole opening is sealed by soil mixed glue and sawdust. The plastic tube is connected to a 500mL infusion bag filled with a nutrient solution II diluent, and the infusion bag is fixed 80cm above the hole.
(4) Fertilizing time: the tree trunk is injected with the nutrient solution I in early spring, the tree trunk is injected with the nutrient solution II in summer, the two times of infusion and fertilization are started at 10 o' clock after the temperature of the air rises at noon, and the injection hole is sealed by soil after the injection is completed in 24 hours, so that the wound healing is facilitated.
Comparative example 1 field conventional soil fertilisation
(1) Soil fertilizer preparation
Which comprises the following components: 200g of nitrogen (urea), 60g of phosphorus (monopotassium phosphate), 90g of potassium (potassium chloride), 25g of manganese (manganese sulfate), 17g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 2.5g of copper (copper sulfate), 42g of magnesium (magnesium sulfate), 3g of zinc (zinc sulfate), 32g of boron (boric acid) and 25g of humic acid.
(2) Fertilization object: 'middle red poplar' and 'full red poplar' with diameter at breast height of more than 7 cm.
(3) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer is applied according to a conventional soil fertilization method.
(4) Fertilizing time: this was done at the same time as the trunk injection nutrient solution i in example 1.
Comparative example 2 feeding of nutrient solution I only
(1) Preparing a nutrient solution: as in example 1.
(2) Fertilization object: the diameter at breast height is more than 7cm for Chinese red poplar and whole red poplar.
(3) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: as in example 1.
(4) Fertilizing time: the method is carried out at the same time as the tree trunk nutrient solution I in the embodiment 1, the infusion fertilization is started at 10 o' clock after the air temperature rises in the morning, and the injection hole is sealed by soil after the injection is completed for 24 hours, so that the wound healing is facilitated.
Comparative example 3 nutrient solution I + nutrient solution II for foliar spraying
(1) Preparing a nutrient solution:
the preparation method of the mother solutions of nutrient solution I and nutrient solution II is the same as that in example 1. And storing the mother solutions of the nutrient solution I and the nutrient solution II in a refrigerator at 0-5 ℃ for later use. When in use, the nutrient solution I is diluted by 20 times and is filled into a 500mL transfusion bag (or transfusion bottle); and (3) diluting the mother liquor of the nutrient solution II by 5 times.
(2) Fertilization object: the diameter at breast height is more than 7cm for Chinese red poplar and whole red poplar.
(3) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:
trunk injection nutrient solution I: the procedure was the same as in example 1.
And (3) spraying nutrient solution II on leaf surfaces: spraying the fertilizer on the leaves of the trees, wherein the spraying needs to be careful and uniform.
(4) Spraying time: the tree trunk injection nutrient solution I is performed at the same time as the tree trunk injection nutrient solution I in the embodiment 1, the infusion fertilization is started at 10 o' clock after the temperature of the air rises at noon, and the injection hole is sealed by soil after the injection is completed in 24 hours, so that the wound healing is facilitated. The foliage spraying of the nutrient solution II was performed at the same time as the trunk injection of the nutrient solution II in example 1, and the spraying was performed at 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning.
Comparative example 4: inputting nutrient solution I + III
(1) Preparing a nutrient solution:
nutrient solution I A mother liquor was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
The nutrient solution III mother liquor comprises the following substances: purified water is used as a solvent, 30g of potassium (monopotassium phosphate), 1g of zinc (zinc sulfate), 30g of magnesium (magnesium nitrate), 3g of iron (ferrous sulfate), 2g of copper (copper sulfate), 30g of boron (boric acid) and 6g of cane sugar are added into 1L of purified water, and the mixture is fully stirred until the mixture is completely dissolved. Then 4g of citric acid was added and stirred rapidly.
And storing the mother solution of the nutrient solution I and the mother solution of the nutrient solution III in a refrigerator at 0-5 ℃ for later use. Diluting 20 times when using, and filling into 500mL transfusion bag (or transfusion bottle).
(2) Fertilization object: 'middle red poplar' and 'full red poplar' with diameter at breast height of more than 7 cm.
(3) The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the method for injecting the nutrient solution I into the trunk is the same as that for injecting the nutrient solution I into the trunk in example 1, and the method for injecting the nutrient solution III into the trunk is the same as that for injecting the nutrient solution II into the trunk in example 1.
(4) Fertilizing time: the trunk injection nutrient solution i and the trunk injection nutrient solution III were performed at the same time as the trunk injection nutrient solution i and the trunk injection nutrient solution ii in example 1, respectively. The two times of transfusion and fertilization are started at 10 o' clock after the air temperature rises in the morning, and the injection hole is sealed by soil after the injection is finished in 24 hours, so that the wound healing is facilitated.
Effect comparison 1: effect of nutrient solution I on the Rough growth of trees
The injection application of the nutrient solution I of the invention (comparative example 2) was compared with the field application of conventional soil (comparative example 1, control) for 2 years of coarse growth under the condition of consistent cultivation conditions and management measures such as density, cultivation, irrigation and drainage, etc.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization methods on 2-year-old rough growth of trees
The results show that the amount of the rough growth of the nutrient solution I (comparative example 2) 'Chinese red poplar' and 'full red poplar' applied by injection is obviously increased compared with the trees under the conventional soil fertilization (comparative example 1 and a control group), and is respectively 26.5 percent and 27.6 percent higher than the conventional soil fertilization (comparative example 1 and the control group).
Effect comparison 2: effect of different fertilization methods on photosynthesis of tree leaves
Under the condition that the cultivation conditions and management measures such as density, cultivation, irrigation and drainage and the like are consistent, comparison of the difference of photosynthesis of the leaves after injection application of the nutrient solution I (comparative example 2), injection application of the nutrient solutions I + II (example 1) and field conventional soil fertilization (comparative example 1 and control group) is carried out. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (μmol. m) of 10:00 leaves was measured using LI-6400 Portable photosynthesis measurement System manufactured by LI-COR, USA -2 ·s -1 ) The results are as follows:
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilization methods on photosynthesis of leaves of trees
The results show that: the net photosynthetic rate Pn of leaves of trees injected with the nutrient solution I of the invention only (comparative example 2) and the nutrient solution I + II of the invention only (example 1) of the populus tremuloides are obviously increased compared with the trees applied with soil (comparative example 1 and a control group). The 'middle red poplar' and 'full red poplar' Pn, which were injected with the nutrient solution I of the present invention only (comparative example 2), increased 44.23% and 25.26% respectively, compared to the soil-fertilized (comparative example 1, control group) trees. The injection application of the nutrient solution I + II (example 1), the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar leaves Pn respectively increase 91.22% and 70.73% of the trees fertilized with soil (comparative example 1 and a control group). Therefore, the nutrient solution I + II can greatly improve the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, increase the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and well promote the carbon assimilation of the leaves.
Effect comparison 3: influence of nutrient solution II on leaf color parameters, pigment content and ornamental effect of leaves
The cultivation conditions are consistent with field management measures such as density, cultivation, irrigation and drainage and the like. Comparison of leaf color parameters, pigment content, and anthocyanin synthase activity was performed after inputting nutrient solution i + ii (example 1), inputting nutrient solution i + foliar spray ii (comparative example 3), and inputting nutrient solution i only (comparative example 2, control).
1) Leaf color parameter
Under the condition of completely simulating nature, the portable Japan original package imported Konika Meinenda color difference meter CR-400 is used for measuring the brightness L value, the hue a value and the b value of the leaf. a, reflecting the hues of the red and green attributes, changing from negative values to positive values to indicate that green is weakened and red is strengthened; b value reflects the hue of yellow and blue attributes, when the hue changes from negative value to positive value, the blue color gradually declines, and the yellow color is enhanced; l reflects the brightness of the color, which becomes increasingly stronger as the value of L goes from 0 to 100. The results were as follows:
TABLE 3 influence of different fertilization methods on leaf color parameters of trees
The results show that: the nutrient solution II can obviously increase the red hue a value and the brightness L value of leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar, the red color of the leaves becomes heavier, the brightness becomes higher, and the hue b value of the leaves is obviously reduced. Indicating that the yellow hue of the leaf is weakened and approaches the blue hue, and the leaf color tends to appear purplish red. Meanwhile, nutrient solution I + II is injected and input (embodiment 1), and the nutrient solution I enhances the function and quality of plants, which is beneficial to improving the absorption and utilization of the plants to the nutrient solution II and improving the color quality of leaves more effectively. In addition, the effect of inputting the nutrient solution II by injection is better than the effect of spraying the nutrient solution II on the leaf surfaces.
2) Pigment content
Chlorophyll (TCH) (mg. g) as leaf pigment -1 ) And Anthocyanin (TA) (mg. g) -1 ) Content, determined according to the method of Hazephyra et al (1995), published in south of the age (2000). The results were as follows:
TABLE 4 influence of different fertilization methods on pigment content of tree leaves
The results show that: when nutrient solution I + II is injected into the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar (example 1), the contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin in the leaves are obviously increased, and the effect is obviously higher than that of the nutrient solution I + the nutrient solution II sprayed on the leaf surfaces (comparative example 3). Previous studies show that the changes and the proportion of anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents of leaves of 'full red poplar' and 'medium red poplar' directly influence the expression of leaf color, wherein the difference of the anthocyanin contents is most obvious and is consistent with the change trend of leaf color parameters. In the invention, the nutrient solution I + II (example 1) is injected and input, so that the contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll in the leaves can be obviously increased, and the color and quality of the leaves of the red poplar variety can be greatly improved.
3) Anthocyanin synthetase ANS Activity
The expression level of the ANS gene is closely related to the color formation of plant tissues and organs, and the product is the first chromogenic compound in the synthetic pathway of anthocyanidin, and thus is crucial to the color formation of plants. Research shows that the overexpression of ANS generally increases the content of anthocyanin in transgenic plants, various environmental factors can activate a cell signal path so as to activate corresponding transcription factors to perform expression regulation on environment-adaptive genes, and environmental factors such as sucrose, metal ions, low temperature and the like are important factors for regulating the expression of ANS genes. The change in leaf anthocyanidin synthetase (ANS) (U/L) activity was measured using a Rayto RT-6100 enzyme-labeled analyzer and the results are as follows:
TABLE 5 Effect of different fertilization procedures on the anthocyanin synthetase Activity ANS in leaves of trees
The results show that: after the nutrient solution I and the nutrient solution II are injected and input into the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar simultaneously, the activity of anthocyanin synthetase ANS in the leaves is greatly improved and is respectively increased by 75.9 percent and 58.3 percent compared with the nutrient solution I (comparative example 2 and a control group) which is only input, and the effect is obviously higher than that of the nutrient solution I and the leaf surface spraying II (comparative example 3).
Effect comparison 4: influence of component II of nutrient solution on leaf color parameters, pigment content and ornamental effect
The cultivation conditions are consistent with field management measures such as density, cultivation, irrigation and drainage and the like. Comparison of leaf color parameters, pigment content, anthocyanin synthase activity after feeding nutrient solutions I + II (example 1) and I + III (comparative example 4, control) was performed.
1) Influence of leaf color parameters
TABLE 6 influence of different nutrient solutions on leaf color parameters of trees
The results show that: the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar are injected with the input nutrient solution I + II (example 1), the red hue a and the brightness L of the leaves are obviously higher than those of the input nutrient solution I + III (comparative example 4 and a control group), which indicates that the red attribute of the leaves is stronger and the brightness is higher; the leaf hue b value is obviously lower than that of the control group, which indicates that the yellow hue of the leaves is weakened and is close to the blue hue, the color is more likely to be purplish red, and the important effect is played on the nutrient solution II component. Compared with the nutrient solution I + III (comparative example 4 and a control group), the nutrient solution I + II injected into the populus tremuloides variety (example 1) has obvious advantages in leaf color quality and ornamental value.
2) Pigment content
TABLE 7 influence of different nutrient solutions on pigment content of leaves of trees
The results show that: the anthocyanin content in leaves of the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar injected and input nutrient solutions I and II (example 1) is respectively increased by 30.77 percent and 12.40 percent compared with the anthocyanin content in leaves of the nutrient solutions I and III (comparative example 4 and a control group), and the chlorophyll content in leaves is also slightly increased. Therefore, the components in the nutrient solution II can obviously improve the anthocyanin content in the red poplar leaves, and the increase of the anthocyanin content and the pigment proportion in the anthocyanin content have important significance for the color generation of the red poplar leaves.
3) Anthocyanin synthetase ANS Activity
TABLE 8 Effect of different nutrient solutions on ANS Activity of anthocyanin synthetase in leaves of trees
The results show that: the nutrient solution I + II is injected into the Chinese red poplar and the whole red poplar (example 1), the activity of leaf anthocyanidin synthetase ANS is respectively improved by 45.71 percent and 42.50 percent compared with the activity of the nutrient solution I + III (comparative example 4 and a control group), the effect is obvious, and the nutrient solution II component can effectively activate the activity of anthocyanidin synthetase ANS in leaves of red leaf poplar varieties, so that the synthesis and accumulation of pigments in the leaves are greatly promoted.
Claims (7)
1. A method for fertilizing and enhancing the efficiency of a trunk of a red-leaf poplar variety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of nutrient solution
Mother liquor of nutrient solution i: adding 88-92g of ammonium nitrate, 38-42g of potassium chloride, 28-32g of monopotassium phosphate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of ferrous sulfate, 1.8-2.2g of copper sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium sulfate, 0.9-1.1g of zinc sulfate and 28-32g of boric acid into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring until the ammonium nitrate, the potassium chloride, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the manganese sulfate are completely dissolved;
mother liquor of nutrient solution II: adding 8-12g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.8-2.2g of zinc sulfate, 38-42g of magnesium nitrate, 5.5-6.5g of ferrous sulfate, 2.8-3.2g of copper sulfate, 4.5-5.5g of manganese sulfate, 5.5-6.5g of sugar alcohol calcium, 28-32g of boric acid and 5.5-6.5g of cane sugar into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring until the mixture is completely dissolved; then adding 4.5-5.5g of citric acid, and rapidly stirring until the citric acid is completely dissolved; adding cyanidin 3.8-4.2g and malvidin 1.8-2.2g, and stirring to dissolve completely;
(2) diluting the mother liquor of the nutrient solution I and the mother liquor of the nutrient solution II by 20-30 times, and injecting the diluent of the nutrient solution I and the diluent of the nutrient solution II into the red-leaf poplar variety in early spring to autumn.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mother liquor of the nutrient solution I is prepared by the following steps: 90g of ammonium nitrate, 40g of potassium chloride, 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 5g of manganese sulfate, 3g of ferrous sulfate, 2g of copper sulfate, 40g of magnesium sulfate, 1g of zinc sulfate and 30g of boric acid are added into 1L of purified water and fully stirred until the ammonium nitrate, the potassium chloride, the monopotassium phosphate, the manganese sulfate, the ferrous sulfate and the boric acid are completely dissolved.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mother liquor of nutrient solution II is prepared by: adding 10g of monopotassium phosphate, 2g of zinc sulfate, 40g of magnesium nitrate, 6g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of copper sulfate, 5g of manganese sulfate, 6g of sugar alcohol calcium, 30g of boric acid and 6g of cane sugar into 1L of purified water, and fully stirring until the materials are completely dissolved; then adding 5g of citric acid, and quickly stirring until the citric acid is completely dissolved; and adding 4g of cyanidin and 2g of malvidin, and fully stirring until the cornflower pigment and the malvidin are completely dissolved.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertilization time is: the diluent of the nutrient solution I is injected to the trunk of the red-leaf poplar before the bud sprouts in the early spring, and the diluent of the nutrient solution II is injected to the trunk of the red-leaf poplar in spring or summer.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the trunk is injected with the nutrient solution I diluent by: drilling holes with the diameter of 0.5-0.8cm in east and west directions of 40-50cm above the ground of the trunk towards the tree center by using a power drill, wherein the hole diameter is 20-30 degrees downwards, the hole depth is 1/2-2/3 of the diameter of the trunk, and the hole openings are kept smooth; after drilling a tree hole, cleaning sawdust in the hole, filling the hole into a transparent plastic pipe of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, inserting the transparent plastic pipe into the newly-born xylem part with the standard of reaching the tree, and sealing the edge of the hole opening by using soil mixed glue and sawdust; the plastic tube is connected to an infusion bag filled with a nutrient solution I diluent, and the infusion bag is fixed 50-100cm above the hole.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the trunk is injected with a diluent of nutrient solution ii: selecting 2-3 secondary trunk branches in different directions from bottom to top from the trunk, and drilling holes in the direction of the tree center by using a power drill at positions 30cm below the branches respectively; the aperture is 0.5-0.7cm, and the angle is 20-30 degrees; the depth of the hole is 1/2-2/3 of the dry diameter, and the opening of the hole is kept smooth; after drilling a tree hole, cleaning up sawdust in the hole, filling the sawdust into a transparent plastic tube of an infusion device with the inner diameter of 0.5-0.6cm, inserting the transparent plastic tube into the newly-born xylem part under the tree to a depth standard of no leakage of nutrient solution, and sealing the edge of the hole opening by using soil mixed glue and sawdust; and connecting the plastic pipe to an infusion bag filled with a nutrient solution II diluent, wherein the infusion bag is fixed 50-100cm above the hole.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the fertigation is started at 10 o' clock after the rise in air temperature in the morning and the injection hole is sealed with soil after the injection is completed for 24 hours.
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