CN113713605A - Air purification biological filtration material particle and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Air purification biological filtration material particle and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biological filter material for air purification, and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to a biological filter material, wherein the filter material particles are prepared from inorganic porous materials, have equivalent particle diameters of 4-40mm and apparent densities of 200 and 800kg/m3The specific surface area is 50-150m3A core/g and impregnated with a pH buffer and a bioredox catalyst component and an active coating deposited on the outer surface of the core. The invention has the advantages thatIn the following steps: 1) the catalyst can act on the metabolism process of the microorganism for a long time to assist the microorganism to convert H2S, VOC and the like are oxidized and reduced into specific stable harmless products, and the components such as HCl, ammonia and the like in the waste gas have extremely high tolerance and removal effect; 2) during the use process, the microorganism can directly obtain the nutrition and the trace elements from the filter material; 3) the specific surface area is large, and the adsorption capacity is strong; 4) the retention time of the biological filtration is short; 5) stable operation, difficult aging and hardening and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological filter material for purifying waste gas and improving indoor air quality, in particular to deodorization of waste gas and VOC emission control.
Background
Biofiltration devices are a commonly used device in exhaust gas treatment systems. The core part of the biological filter device is a biological filter bed, a biological filter material is filled in the biological filter bed, and microorganisms are fixed and grow on the surface of the biological filter material to form a biological membrane; when the waste gas passes through the filtering device, the pollutant components (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, dithiol, thioether, ethanol, acetone, VOCs and the like) in the waste gas are transferred to the biological phases on the surface of the filtering material, and are utilized by microorganisms and decomposed into harmless components under the condition of proper temperature and humidity. The treatment effect of the biological filter device is related to factors such as air flow rate, empty tower retention time, irrigation water quantity and frequency, filter material types, water content of a filter bed, air humidity and the like, wherein the type and the characteristics of the filter material are one of the most critical factors. The type and the characteristics of the filter material are directly related to the water content of the filter bed, the growth speed of microorganisms, the type and the degradation performance of the microorganisms and the service life of the filter bed, so that the treatment effect of the whole biological filter device is influenced. The empty tower residence time of a filter bed of a biofilter adopting a traditional biological filter material is usually longer, and too short residence time can cause overlarge wind speed, difficult maintenance of the moisture content of a filter tank, short microbial action time and poor treatment effect; if the retention time is too long, the volume of the device is too large, the amount of the filter material and the volume of the filter bed are increased, and the manufacturing cost is increased. The traditional biological filter materials such as bark, straw, compost and other natural organic filter materials have sufficient sources, can provide good filter bed humidity, are low in price, contain more microorganisms, and provide sufficient nutrition for the microorganisms (which is important for quick start of the device), but the natural degradation speed of the natural organic fillers is high, and the filter materials are rotten, deteriorated and consumed after being used for a period of time, so that the natural organic filter materials need to be replaced frequently; or inorganic granular filter materials such as volcanic rock, ceramsite and the like have the characteristics of good hygroscopicity, stable shape, long service life and the like, but have poor surface adsorption capacity, are difficult to adhere and grow, and cannot provide nutrients required by growth for microorganisms; and inorganic filter materials such as bamboo charcoal, granular activated carbon and the like have good surface adsorption capacity, but cannot provide required nutrient components for microorganisms and cannot create a proper environment for the attachment and growth of the microorganisms.
The components contained in the exhaust gas are often relatively complex, i.e. they contain H2S, ammonia, and other acidic and basic inorganic components, as well as dithiol, thioether, ethanol, acetone, VOCs, and other organic components, and the concentration of these components is usually several mg/m3To dozens or even hundreds of mg/m3. The nature of these components often impacts the physicochemical conditions of the biofilm on the surface of the biofilter material, and this affects the removal, for example if hydrogen sulfide is not converted as quickly as possible to neutral S, it remains in the hydrogen sulfide or oxidized H2SO3 2-Or H2SO4 2-The pH of the biofilm will gradually become acidified and thus become detrimental to the growth of the microorganisms. For example, the entry of many VOC components into the biofilm can cause the pH of the biofilm to change, such as organic acids, ketones, phenols into the biofilter can acidify the filter bed, while amines and alcohols and ethers can make the filter bed alkaline. The existing biological filter material has no clear and effective pH buffer component, and once the surface of the biological filter material is acidified or alkalized, the operation of the biological filter tank can be seriously influenced, so that the purification effect is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides high-efficiency and stable biological filter material particles, which contain an adsorption material for enhancing the adsorption capacity of the filter material, and factors and catalyst components for promoting the microorganism to fixedly grow and degrading and utilizing VOC components, can ensure that the filter material can stably work for a long time under different working conditions, and has better treatment effect.
The air purifying biological filtering material particle includes inorganic porous material and has equivalent particle size of 4-40mm and apparent density of 200-800kg/m3The specific surface area is 50-150m3A core impregnated with a pH buffer and a bioredox catalyst component and an active coating deposited on the outer surface of the core; the weight ratio of the total weight of the pH buffer and the catalyst to the core particles is 1: 10-1: 20; the active coating comprises an adsorbent, a microbial nutrient and a base material in a weight ratio of 45-55:5-8: 35-45.
Furthermore, the inorganic porous material is prepared from natural or artificial synthetic materials such as clay, rock powder, slag, fly ash and/or other industrial wastes or waste residues through a sintering process, and the core material has good hygroscopicity. These materials contain SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3And the like.
Further, the inner core is granular, the shape of the granules is any shape, and the granules can be spheres, cylinders, irregular shapes or a mixture of the spheres, the cylinders and the irregular shapes;
furthermore, the equivalent particle size of 8-30mm is the optimal particle size, and different particle sizes can be selected according to different applications in practical application.
Further, the pH buffer is one or a mixture of more than one of weak base components such as calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (having a pH buffering effect).
Further, the catalyst adopts an iron-based catalyst, and comprises iron oxide, ferric oxide, ferroferric oxide and/or zero-valent iron and the like.
Further, the adsorbent is activated carbon or zeolite.
Furthermore, the microbial nutrient contains nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and trace elements such as zinc, iron, molybdenum, boron, copper and the like.
Further, the base material is alumina.
Furthermore, a small amount of FeO and SiO can be mixed into the base material, and the weight of the FeO and the SiO accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the base material.
Furthermore, the coating contains binding materials which are organic or inorganic binding agents such as resin, cellulose, starch or sodium silicate (commonly called water glass), calcium silicate, aluminosilicate and the like, the using amount of the binding agents is different according to different binding agents, and the weight of the binding agents accounts for 5-10% of the weight of the coating, so that a stable coating which has certain strength and can not fall off is formed.
Further, the weight ratio of the effective material contained in the active coating to the inner core of the filter material is preferably such that the formed coating can completely cover the surface of the inner core, generally 1: 5-1: 2; mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 1: 5-1: and 4 is most preferable.
The use of air-purifying biological filtering material granules is characterized by that the nonuniform coefficient d60/d10 of volume size of the described filtering material granules is controlled to be less than or equal to 1.5, after the filtering material is formed, the filtering material is fed into a solidifying device,and performing (a) onThe mixture is dried and then is dried,then thePlacing for more than 2 days, and filling the mixture into a biological filtering device for waste gas purification; the common waste gas such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, dithiol, thioether, VOCs, organic acids, ketones, phenols and the like is purified. The particle shape and the particle size of the filter material are kept to have good uniformity, so thatCan be used forSo as to keep larger gaps among the particles, ensure that the air resistance is smaller when the filter material is used, and is not easy to be blocked by a biological membrane. The shape of the filter material after filling in the filter device has little influence on the treatment effect of the biological filter, and the shape of the filter material is mainly determined by the shape of the selected inner core.
A preparation method of a biological filtering material for air purification comprises the following steps:
1) the apparent density is 200-800kg/m3The equivalent grain diameter is 4-40mm, the specific surface area is 50-150m3(ii) an inorganic porous material per gram as an inner core;
2) dipping or spraying the selected core material into a pH buffer and a solution containing a biological oxidation-reduction catalyst component;
the method for impregnating the pH buffer and the catalyst components is: preparing the dipping components into a solution for spraying or directly pouring the solution into a container with a core, turning and stirring, wherein the dipping time is 0.5-10 h, and particularly 1-2h is the best time; the impregnation is carried out at a temperature in the range of 25-50 ℃, preferably at a temperature in the range of 40-50 ℃, and the impregnation at a higher temperature range can make the impregnated components enter the voids of the core material more easily; the pH buffer and the catalyst can be added sequentially and respectively or can be added after being mixed.
3) After the step 2), carrying out proper drying treatment to remove free water on the surfaces of the particles;
4) and fixing an active coating on the outer surface of the inner core by a deposition method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional biological filter material, the filter material provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1) the hydrophilic inner core is impregnated with a pH buffer component and a catalyst component, so that the pH adjusting capacity is excellent, and the catalyst can act on the metabolic process of the microorganism for a long time to assist the microorganism to remove H2S, VOC and the like are oxidized and reduced into specific stable harmless products. Such a feature allows the biofiltration device to treat H more efficiently than existing biofiltration materials2S, VOC and other waste gas components, and has extremely high tolerance and removal effect on HCl, ammonia and other components in the waste gas; 2) nutrients and mineral components required by microorganisms are mixed in the filter material, and the microorganisms can directly obtain nutrients and trace elements from the filter material in the using process without adding other microorganism nutrients; 3) the specific surface area and the adsorption iodine value are more than 20 times of those of common inorganic filter materials; 4) the retention time of the required biological filtration is short, and the biological filtration can be filled in various filter structures; 5) the operation is stable; 6) the product is not easy to age and harden; 7) and the service life is long.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a filter media particle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The core material is SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3The shape of the inner core is spherical particles, the equivalent grain diameter is 20mm, the shape non-uniformity coefficient d60/d10 of the inner core is 1.5, a certain amount of ceramic particles are taken and put into a container, and a pH buffering agent CaO and a catalyst Fe are slowly added into the ceramic particles while stirring2O3The aqueous solution of (4) is impregnated, and the concentrations of the pH buffer and the catalyst in the impregnation solution are 25% and 10%, respectively. Adding the impregnation liquid, standing for more than 1 hour, removing excessive water, and performing drying treatment, wherein the drying can be performed by ventilation forced drying until no free moisture exists on the surface of the core filter material; adding a pH buffering agent and a core material in a weight ratio of 1: 20, the weight ratio of the biological oxidation catalyst to the core material is 1: 40.
adding sodium silicate as binder into the impregnated dried filter material, adding the binder after preparing the binder into liquid with water, uniformly coating the liquid on the surface of the core impregnated with pH buffer and catalyst, and slowly and uniformly scattering filler (Al) in sequence2O3) The core material comprises a core material, an adsorbent (activated carbon) and a nutrient (the nutrient is a mixture of zinc salt, iron salt, molybdenum salt, boron salt and copper salt, specifically a mixture of zinc chloride, iron chloride, molybdenum chloride, boron chloride and copper chloride in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1), and the components are uniformly deposited on the surface of the core material. The weight ratio of the filling agent to the adsorbent to the nutrient is 1: 2: 0.05. the addition amount of these materials and the weight ratio of the core material are 1: 4, so that the added material covers the entire surface of the core material.
And (3) conveying the particle carrier into a curing device for curing, drying for 1.5 hours at 50 ℃, and standing for more than 2 days to obtain a biological filtration carrier sample.
The structure of the biofiltration carrier sample is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
The core material is SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3The core is spherical particles with an equivalent diameter of 30mm, and the shape non-uniformity coefficient d60/d10 of the core is 1.5. Taking a certain amount of core material, placing into a container, slowly adding pH buffer (K) under stirring2HPO4+KH2PO4The molar ratio is 1: 1) and catalyst Fe2O3The aqueous solution of (2) is impregnated, and the concentrations of the pH buffer and the catalyst in the impregnation solution are 10% and 10%, respectively. Adding the impregnation liquid, standing for more than 1 hour, removing excessive water, performing drying treatment, wherein the drying adopts ventilation forced drying until no free moisture exists on the surface of the core filter material, and adding a pH buffer agent and the core material in a weight ratio of 1: 40, the weight ratio of the biological oxidation catalyst to the inner core material is 1: 40.
adding a binder methyl cellulose into the impregnated dried filter material, wherein the binder is added after being prepared into liquid by water, uniformly coating the liquid on a core material impregnated with a pH buffering agent and a catalyst, then slowly and uniformly scattering a filling agent (Al2O3), an adsorbent (activated carbon) and a nutrient (a nutrient is a mixture of zinc salt, iron salt, molybdenum salt, boron salt and copper salt, specifically a mixture of zinc chloride, ferric chloride, molybdenum chloride, boron chloride and copper chloride according to a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1), and uniformly depositing the components on the surface of the core material. The weight ratio of the filling agent to the adsorbent to the nutrient is 1: 2: 0.05. the addition amount of these materials and the weight ratio of the core material are 1: 3, so that the added material covers the entire surface of the core material.
And (3) feeding the granular filter material into a curing device for curing, drying for 1.5 hours at 50 ℃, and standing for more than 2 days to obtain a biological filter material sample.
The structure of the biofiltration filter material sample is shown in figure 1.
Example 3
The biological filter material sample prepared in example 1 was loaded into a biological filter device to obtain a biological filter device. In the biological filter device, the bulk density of the sample of the biological filter material is 600kg/m3。
Example 4
A sewage pump room, a grid well, a primary sedimentation tank, an aeration tank, a sludge dewatering room and other treatment structures of a certain urban sewage plant generate a large amount of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur-containing organic mattersAnd odorous substances such as VOCs, H2The S content reaches 10mg/m3The odor unit reaches 5000ODU, and the gases are collected and then sent to a biological filter device filled with a novel composite biological filter material. The operating parameters are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 example 4 table of operating parameters
After a period of operation, the removal of the main pollutants is shown in the following table:
TABLE 2 Effect obtained in example 4
| Unit of | Inlet concentration | Odor characteristics | Average removal Rate% | |
| Odor concentration (dimensionless) | ODU | 5000 | -- | ≥95 |
| H2S | mg/m3 | 10 | Stink egg | ≥99 |
| Methyl mercaptan | mg/m3 | 8 | Rotten heart taste of vegetables | ≥95 |
| Dimethyl sulfide | mg/m3 | 5 | Sea fishy smell | ≥95 |
| Dimethyl disulfide | mg/m3 | 2 | Odor of sulfide | ≥93 |
| Total hydrocarbons other than methyl | mg/m3 | 50 | - | ≥95 |
Claims (10)
1. The air purifying biological filtering material particle is characterized in that the filtering material particle comprises inorganic porous material with equivalent particle size of 4-40mm and surfaceThe apparent density is 200-3The specific surface area is 50-150m3A core impregnated with a pH buffer and a bioredox catalyst component and an active coating deposited on the outer surface of the core; the weight ratio of the total weight of the pH buffer and the catalyst to the core particles is 1: 10-1: 20; the active coating comprises an adsorbent, a microbial nutrient and a base material in a weight ratio of 45-55:5-8: 35-45.
2. The air purifying biofiltration filter material particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic porous material is made of clay, rock powder, slag, fly ash and/or industrial waste or sludge material by a sintering process.
3. The air purifying biofiltration filter material particle of claim 1, wherein said inner core is in the form of a particle.
4. The air purifying biofiltration filter media particle of claim 1, wherein said equivalent particle size is 8-30 mm.
5. The air purifying biofiltration filter material particle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH buffering agent is a mixture of more than one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The air purifying biofiltration filter material particle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst is an iron-based catalyst comprising iron oxide, iron sesquioxide, iron tetroxide and/or zero valent iron.
7. The air purifying biofiltration filter material granule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active coating further comprises FeO, SiO and/or a binder material, the weight of FeO and SiO is 5-10% of the total weight of the base material, and the weight of the binder material is 5-10% of the coating weight.
8. The use of the air purifying biofiltration filter material particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coefficient of non-uniformity d60/d10 for controlling the volume size of the filter material particles is less than or equal to 1.5, the filter material is fed into a curing device after being formed, dried, placed for more than 2 days, and filled into a biofiltration device for exhaust gas purification.
9. The method for preparing air purifying biological filter material particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) the apparent density is 200-800kg/m3The equivalent grain diameter is 4-40mm, the specific surface area is 50-150m3(ii) an inorganic porous material per gram as an inner core;
2) dipping or spraying the selected inner core into a pH buffer and a solution containing a biological redox catalyst component;
3) after the step 2), carrying out proper drying treatment to remove free water on the surfaces of the particles;
4) and fixing an active coating on the outer surface of the inner core by a deposition method.
10. The method of making air purifying biofiltration filter media particles according to claim 9, wherein the pH buffering agent and catalyst components are impregnated by: preparing the dipping components into a solution for spraying or directly pouring the solution into a container with a core, stirring and dipping for 0.5 to 10 hours at the temperature of between 25 and 50 ℃.
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| CN114669126A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-28 | 常州翡尔达环保科技有限公司 | Composite oxidized particle filter material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114669126B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2024-01-09 | 常州翡尔达环保科技有限公司 | Composite oxidized particle filter material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114682003A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-01 | 新北区三井锦园环保技术服务部 | Waste gas treatment filter material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114682003B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-14 | 新北区三井锦园环保技术服务部 | Waste gas treatment filter material and preparation method and application thereof |
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