CN113713289A - Fire-fighting system and method suitable for lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire-fighting system and method suitable for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, and belongs to the technical field of public fire fighting. The system is including being located the inside under-deck fire extinguishing systems in energy storage battery cabin, and be located the outside cooling water system in energy storage battery cabin, under-deck fire extinguishing systems includes closed water mist fire extinguishing systems and fire control drainage system, wherein closed water mist fire extinguishing systems includes fire-extinguishing medium storage container and power supply, the setting is at the inside closed water mist sprinkler head of battery module, and set up the peripheral fire prevention baffle at battery module, closed water mist sprinkler head is connected with fire-extinguishing medium storage container and power supply through water mist pipeline, effectively solve the fire control problem in energy storage battery cabin.

Description

Fire-fighting system and method suitable for lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fire-fighting system suitable for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, and belongs to the technical field of public fire fighting.

Background

The energy storage battery compartment is generally built by using a standard container, hundreds of lithium iron phosphate battery modules are arranged in the compartment, and each battery module consists of dozens of single batteries. Under the background of carbon peak, carbon neutralization, the lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage prefabricated cabin, referred to as an energy storage battery cabin for short, is adopted, and the explosion type growth is met for the lithium battery energy storage market of main energy storage equipment.

Because the lithium iron phosphate battery in the energy storage battery compartment has a thermal runaway risk under the conditions of overcharge, overload and the like, accidents of the energy storage battery compartment, such as fire and burnout, are easy to occur, and the risk of fire is high. The fire hazard characteristics and the danger of the lithium iron phosphate battery are mainly shown as follows: if the battery is not cooled continuously after the open fire is extinguished, the temperature of the battery rises again and reburning is carried out because the electrochemical reaction in the battery is still continued; ② the temperature of thermal runaway is lower, about 140 ℃; the combustion temperature of the battery is high and is higher than 700 ℃, and the module dissipates heat slowly after open fire is extinguished; fourthly, a large amount of combustible gas is generated in the thermal runaway process, and the explosion risk is caused in the closed space; the larger the module capacity (electric quantity) is, the larger the fire risk is, the airtight space of the energy storage battery compartment of the energy storage power station is, the high energy stacking density is, and the fire risk is particularly high. And the energy storage battery compartment has higher manufacturing cost and plays an important role in a power grid system, and the economic loss and the social influence caused by the fire are large.

The fire protection design of the lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power station generally follows electrochemical energy storage power station design specifications (GB 51048-2014), the fire hazard risk of the lithium iron phosphate battery is determined to be E, the cognition on the safety of the lithium iron phosphate battery is limited when the lithium iron phosphate battery is compiled based on the specifications, no special requirements are required for fire extinguishing facilities of the energy storage battery compartment, and the specified safety standard is low, so that the safety standard of the energy storage battery compartment lags behind, and the large-scale application of the energy storage battery compartment also has the problem of non-negligible fire protection safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a fire-fighting system suitable for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, and solves the fire-fighting problem of the energy storage battery cabin.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a fire-fighting system suitable for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, which comprises an under-cabin fire-fighting system and a cooling water system, wherein the under-cabin fire-fighting system is positioned inside the energy storage battery cabin;

the fire extinguishing system in the cabin comprises a closed type water mist fire extinguishing system and a fire fighting drainage system, wherein the closed type water mist fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing medium storage container and a power source, closed type water mist nozzles arranged in the battery module and fire partitions arranged on the periphery of the battery module, and the closed type water mist nozzles are connected with the fire extinguishing medium storage container and the power source through water mist pipelines;

the fire-fighting drainage system comprises a drainage port at the bottom of the battery module and a drainage vertical pipe arranged outside the battery module, and the drainage port is connected with the drainage vertical pipe.

With reference to the first aspect, further, the fire extinguishing system in the cabin is further provided with safety equipment, and the safety equipment comprises a fire axe, a fire extinguisher, a positive pressure respirator, a fire hose and a fire branch.

Furthermore, the closed water mist spray head is of a flat fan-shaped structure, and a temperature sensing glass bulb and a nozzle are arranged on a fan-shaped curved surface of the flat fan-shaped structure along the arc direction.

Further, at least 2 nozzles are arranged side by side, and sprayed water mist is sprayed into the battery module in a horizontal band shape. The nozzle sets up 2 at least, spouts the water smoke and is jetted into in the battery module for the envelope line of spouting.

Further, in the battery module, the distance between battery top and the upper cover is not less than 50mm, the distance between battery and the lateral wall is not less than 30mm, the closed water mist sprayer is installed between battery top and the module upper cover and/or the short side of module.

Furthermore, a fire hydrant is arranged outside the energy storage battery cabin, and the cooling water system utilizes the fire hydrant to perform movable cooling.

Further, fire barrier includes the horizontal fire barrier of battery module and the vertical fire barrier of battery module, prevents that initial stage conflagration diffusion from influencing adjacent battery module.

Furthermore, the side face of the battery module is provided with a plurality of holes, so that the pressure release of gas and water mist generated by fire is facilitated, and the bottom of the energy storage battery cabin is provided with a plurality of floor drains.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a fire fighting method according to the above system, comprising the steps of:

when a fire disaster occurs, the temperature sensing glass bubbles in the closed type water mist spray nozzle are broken, the closed type water mist fire extinguishing system is started, the closed type water mist spray nozzle in the firing battery module sprays water mist, and the fire extinguishing system in the cabin is started;

and the fire extinguishing system in the cabin outputs a fire alarm signal, and after receiving the alarm signal, personnel start the cooling water system outside the cabin to cool the battery prefabricated cabin where the thermal battery module is located and the outside of the adjacent battery prefabricated cabin.

Furthermore, the closed water mist fire extinguishing system in the battery module which is not on fire is not started.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the fire-fighting system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, the system can be automatically started according to a fire source, and the fire-fighting system in the cabin and the cooling water system positioned outside the energy storage battery cabin act together to extinguish fire at fixed points, so that fire in the energy storage battery cabin is effectively extinguished, the development of thermal runaway is inhibited, and water consumption is reduced;

the temperature sensing glass bubbles are arranged in the energy storage battery compartment for independent protection, so that the reliability is high; the cost is low. The cooling water system outside the cabin can inhibit the fire expansion of the fire cabin and prevent the fire from spreading to other adjacent cabins. The safety equipment is configured to make up for the defects of the existing fire extinguishing measures.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery module of an energy storage battery compartment in the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a closed water mist fire extinguishing system in an energy storage battery compartment according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a closed water mist head according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of a showerhead in a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of fire-fighting water drainage of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 1.1-a battery module; 1.2-prefabricating a cabin; 2.1-nitrogen pressure steel cylinder; 2.2-water storage steel cylinder; 2.3-water mist pipeline; 2.4-closed water mist spray head; 2.6-horizontal fire barrier of battery module; 2.7-vertical fire barrier of battery module; 3.1-temperature sensing glass bulb; 3.2-the nozzle body; 3.3-nozzle; 4.2-spray envelope; 4.3-cell; 4.4-battery module case; 5.2 a water outlet; 5.3 a drainage stand pipe.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power station used in the embodiment of the invention is provided with 10 energy storage battery cabins, every two adjacent energy storage battery cabins form a group, the distance between the adjacent energy storage battery cabins in the group is 3m, and a fireproof wall is arranged between the groups. The energy storage battery compartment is built by using a standard container, and the specification is as follows: l × B × H =12.2m × 2.4m × 2.8 m. A plurality of battery modules 1.1 are arranged in each prefabricated cabin 1.2, the battery module is provided with 210 lithium iron phosphate battery modules, and the total battery capacity in a single energy storage battery cabin is 2.2 MWh.

The research results show that: the most important characteristic of the fire extinguishing agent suitable for putting out lithium iron phosphate fire is that the fire extinguishing agent has strong continuous cooling capacity while putting out a fire rapidly, but the energy storage battery compartment is a closed body modified by a standard container, hundreds of battery modules are arranged in the closed body, dozens of single batteries are arranged in the modules, and the modules are tightly stacked. The arrangement characteristics of the energy storage battery compartment equipment limit the charged water column of the fire-fighting lance or the water spray of the energy storage battery compartment to directly act on the single batteries in the module to extinguish the open fire and continuously cool.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module of an energy storage battery compartment in the prior art, in the open type water mist fire extinguishing system in the prior art, 1 energy storage battery compartment is used as a protection area, 1 set of pump set controls a plurality of battery compartments, an open type water mist spray head is adopted to protect one battery module, and an open type water mist spray head is installed in each battery module in a battery prefabricated compartment. After any battery module in the battery prefabricated cabin is on fire, the water mist fire extinguishing system is started, and the open water mist nozzles in all the battery modules in the whole battery prefabricated cabin spray water mist.

The prior art scheme has the following problems: when a certain battery module is in fire, all the spray heads in the battery cabin are sprayed simultaneously, the fighting surface is enlarged, on one hand, the fire-fighting water consumption is large, and on the other hand, the secondary disaster risk (loss) is easily increased; in addition, because water is sprayed after the power supply is cut off through the battery management system, the risk of mistaking is high; the fire extinguishing system is complicated to link with a fire alarm and battery management system, and risks of mistaken spraying and untimely starting exist; the fire extinguishing system has a plurality of components, including a stainless steel water storage tank, a pump set, a fire alarm linkage system and the like, has higher manufacturing cost, and does not consider remedial fire extinguishing measures outside the battery cabin.

As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of a closed water mist fire extinguishing system in an energy storage battery compartment according to an embodiment of the present invention, compared with the prior art in fig. 1, the closed water mist fire extinguishing system in a bottle group type of 1 set is arranged in the energy storage battery prefabricated compartment, and the system is composed of a nitrogen gas pressure steel cylinder 2.1, a water storage steel cylinder 2.2, a water mist pipeline 2.3, a closed water mist nozzle 2.4, and the like, and all devices and components are arranged in the energy storage battery prefabricated compartment.

The periphery of the battery module is provided with a 2.6-battery module horizontal fireproof partition plate 2.6 and a battery module vertical fireproof partition plate 2.7, so that the early-stage fire spread is prevented, and the influence on adjacent battery modules is avoided.

As shown in fig. 3, is an elevation view of a closed water mist sprayer, and as shown in fig. 4, is a schematic view of the arrangement of the inner sprayer of the battery module, which is different from the structure of the traditional round water mist sprayer, the novel closed water mist sprayer 2.4 is of a flat fan-shaped structure, which comprises a temperature sensing glass bulb 3.1, a sprayer body 3.2 and a nozzle 3.3, wherein the fan-shaped curved surface is provided with 1 temperature sensing glass bulb 3.1 and one row of nozzles 3.3 along the arc direction, so that the water mist can be sprayed into the single battery 4.3 in the battery module shell 4.4 in the form of a spraying envelope 4.2.

Can carry out, 1 battery module of shower nozzle protection is adopted in the design, all install a closed water mist nozzle 2.4 in each battery module in the prefabricated cabin of battery, 210 totally, after arbitrary battery module in the prefabricated cabin of battery catches fire, temperature sensing glass bubble 3.1 that sets up in the closed water mist nozzle of this module breaks (see figure 3), fire extinguishing system opens, the closed water mist nozzle in the battery module that catches fire spouts water mist, the closed water mist nozzle in the battery module that does not catch fire does not open.

In order to enable the fine water mist to better cover the single batteries in the battery module, a novel closed fine water mist spray head 2.4 is adopted in the design, and the design pressure and the spray intensity of the spray head are determined based on the fire test result of the module-level lithium iron phosphate battery. The design pressure of the spray head is preferably 6MPa, the action temperature of the spray head is 68 ℃, and the water consumption of a single spray head is about 3L/min. The top of the battery in the battery module is about 50mm from the clear space of the upper cover, and the spray head is arranged in the clear space and the middle of the short side of the module, so that water mist can be horizontally injected into the module in a belt shape.

In order to ensure that the closed water mist spray head 2.4 has enough installation space and is fully cooled and drained conveniently, the top and the upper cover clear space of a battery in the battery module are required to be not less than 50mm, and the side wall and the upper cover clear space of the battery in the battery module are required to be not less than 30 mm. In addition, holes are formed in the side face of the battery module shell, so that gas and water mist generated by battery fire are relieved, and the aperture area is not less than 20%.

The fire-fighting water is stored in the water storage steel cylinder 2.2, and the fire-fighting water used by the system is desalted water and has good insulation property.

The power source of the system is pressure nitrogen which is stored in a nitrogen pressure steel cylinder 2.1, and the pressure value of the nitrogen is 15 MPa.

As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of fire-fighting drainage of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the side surface of the battery module is provided with 1 drainage port 5.2 with a caliber of DN32, and the drainage port is connected with a vertical drainage pipe 5.3 (pipe diameter DN 40) outside the module.

The battery module is provided with a plurality of holes on the side surface, and the holes account for about 20 percent of the area of the side surface of the module, thereby being beneficial to discharging gas and water mist generated in fire disaster for pressure relief.

The battery prefabricated cabin bottom sets up a plurality of floor drains, and the battery prefabricated cabin bottom of this embodiment sets up 2 floor drains.

The ignition energy storage battery compartment is provided with 1 adjacent compartment (not containing the adjacent compartment outside the firewall), so a cooling water system is arranged opposite to the fire compartment and the 1 adjacent compartment, namely an outdoor fire hydrant is arranged outside the battery prefabricated compartment, and a fire-fighting lance is used for moving and cooling. The design standard of the cooling water refers to a horizontal storage tank for combustible liquid A, and the water consumption is shown in Table 1 according to article 3.4.2 of technical Specifications of fire-fighting water supply and fire hydrant systems.

TABLE 1 energy-storage battery cabin cooling water consumption meter

The calculated flow of the cooling water system of the ignition cabin is 11.2L/s and less than 15L/s, 15L/s is taken according to the specification, and 3 water guns are considered to be used simultaneously. The water consumption for fire fighting of the adjacent cabin is 5.6L/s, 2 water guns are considered to be used simultaneously, and the water consumption is designed to be 10L/s.

The fire extinguishing system in the cabin is also provided with at least 2 ABC dry powder fire extinguishers with 5kg grade, and at least 4 fire axes, 10 positive pressure respirators, 12 fire hoses and 8 fire water guns are arranged in the public fire room of the energy storage station.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A fire extinguishing system suitable for a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin is characterized by comprising an in-cabin fire extinguishing system and a cooling water system, wherein the in-cabin fire extinguishing system is positioned inside the energy storage battery cabin, the cooling water system is positioned outside the energy storage battery cabin, and a plurality of battery modules are arranged in the energy storage battery cabin;

the fire extinguishing system in the cabin comprises a closed type water mist fire extinguishing system and a fire fighting drainage system, wherein the closed type water mist fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing medium storage container and a power source, closed type water mist nozzles arranged in the battery module and fire partitions arranged on the periphery of the battery module, and the closed type water mist nozzles are connected with the fire extinguishing medium storage container and the power source through water mist pipelines;

the fire-fighting drainage system comprises a drainage port at the bottom of the battery module and a drainage vertical pipe arranged outside the battery module, and the drainage port is connected with the drainage vertical pipe.

2. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin, according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing system is further provided with safety equipment, and the safety equipment comprises a fire axe, a fire extinguisher, a positive pressure respirator, a fire hose and a fire water gun.

3. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery compartment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the closed water mist spray head is of a flat fan-shaped structure, and a temperature sensing glass bulb and a nozzle are arranged on a fan-shaped curved surface of the flat fan-shaped structure along an arc direction.

4. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery compartment as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of the nozzles is at least 2, and the sprayed water mist is sprayed into the battery module in an envelope curve.

5. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery compartment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the battery module, the distance between the top of the battery and the upper cover is not less than 50mm, the distance between the battery and the side wall is not less than 30mm, and the closed water mist spray head is installed between the top of the battery and the upper cover of the module and/or on the short side of the module.

6. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery cabin according to claim 1, wherein a fire hydrant is arranged outside the energy storage battery cabin, and the cooling water system is movably cooled by the fire hydrant.

7. The fire extinguishing system suitable for the lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery compartment of claim 1, wherein the fire barrier comprises a battery module horizontal fire barrier and a battery module vertical fire barrier.

8. A fire extinguishing system suitable for an energy storage battery compartment as defined in claim 1, wherein the battery module is provided with holes on the side and the energy storage battery compartment is provided with floor drains on the bottom.

9. A fire extinguishing method using the fire extinguishing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

when a fire disaster occurs, the temperature sensing glass bubbles in the closed type water mist spray nozzle are broken, the closed type water mist fire extinguishing system is started, the closed type water mist spray nozzle in the firing battery module sprays water mist, and the fire extinguishing system in the cabin is started;

and the fire extinguishing system in the cabin outputs a fire alarm signal, and after receiving the alarm signal, personnel start the cooling water system outside the cabin to cool the battery prefabricated cabin where the thermal battery module is located and the outside of the adjacent battery prefabricated cabin.

10. A fire fighting method as defined in claim 9, wherein the closed water mist fire extinguishing system in the battery module that is not on fire is not opened.

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