CN113709922A - Electrothermal film and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Electrothermal film and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113709922A CN113709922A CN202111033155.1A CN202111033155A CN113709922A CN 113709922 A CN113709922 A CN 113709922A CN 202111033155 A CN202111033155 A CN 202111033155A CN 113709922 A CN113709922 A CN 113709922A
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- electrothermal film
- heat
- heating
- film
- resistant polyester
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWDBMHZWXLUGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Mg] Chemical compound [C].[Mg] RWDBMHZWXLUGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005653 Brownian motion process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005537 brownian motion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrothermal film and a preparation process thereof. The electrothermal film comprises a surface layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein the surface layer and the bottom layer are both heat-resistant polyester films; the middle layer comprises a heating material and a conducting bar. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing the heat-resistant polyester film in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment, and then carrying out carbonization treatment; heating and melting the heating material, and crushing, mixing and rolling under high pressure to form slurry; then, the slurry and the conducting bars are formed together according to a mould; and coating the formed slurry and the conducting bars by taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer and a bottom layer. The electrothermal film has the effect of emitting energy, and the action principle of the electrothermal film is based on heating an object by radiation energy flow and transmitting energy by adopting infrared waves so as to heat the object indoors; the infrared heating is adopted, so that the temperature can be uniformly distributed in the whole room; the electric heating film can be cut into any shape according to the requirement so as to adapt to various decorative elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat conduction materials, and particularly relates to an electrothermal film and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The electrothermal film is a semitransparent polyester film which can generate heat after being electrified, and when the electrothermal film works, the electrothermal film is used as a heating body, heat is sent into a space in a radiation mode, so that a human body and an object are firstly warmed, and the comprehensive effect of the electrothermal film is superior to that of a traditional convection heating mode.
The electric heating film has huge development potential and accords with the low-carbon economic development trend. The electric heating film heating mode has the advantages of no water consumption, no land occupation, automatic switching, energy conservation and material conservation, conforms to the policy guidance of emission reduction and low carbon, and has wide development prospect.
However, the existing electrothermal film still has the defects that: such as poor heating effect, fixed size and difficult change. Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an electrothermal film and a preparation process thereof. The electrothermal film has the effect of emitting energy, and the action principle of the electrothermal film is based on heating an object by using radiant energy flow and transmitting energy by adopting infrared waves so as to heat the object indoors; the infrared heating is adopted, so that the temperature can be uniformly distributed in the whole room; meanwhile, the electric heating film can be cut into any shape according to the requirement so as to adapt to various decorative elements.
The invention provides an electrothermal film, which comprises a surface layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein:
the surface layer and the bottom layer are both heat-resistant polyester films;
the middle layer comprises a heating material and a conducting bar.
Preferably, the heat-generating material is laid flat; the conducting bars are arranged on two sides of the heating material; the conducting strip is made of copper.
Preferably, the heat generating material is a simple metal or a metal alloy.
Preferably, the metal simple substance is one of copper, nickel, lithium, titanium, rubidium, cesium, gold, beryllium, zirconium, tungsten, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, tin or magnesium. Specifically, the dosage of the metal simple substance is 4 g/m of copper2Ni 6 g/m2Lithium 5 g/m2Titanium 4 g/m2Rubidium 3 g/m2Cesium 2 g/m25 g/m of gold2Beryllium 4 g/m22 g/m of zirconium2Tungsten 3 g/m2Gallium 8 g/m2Indium 5 g/m2Thallium, 4 g/m2Germanium 3 g/m2Rhenium 4 g/m2Tin, tin4 g/m23 g/m of magnesium2。
Preferably, the metal alloy is one of a copper-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy or a magnesium-carbon alloy. Specifically, the copper-nickel alloy is 5 g/m25 g/m of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy2Magnesium-carbon alloy 5 g/m2。
Based on the same technical concept, the invention further provides a preparation method of the electrothermal film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the heat-resistant polyester film in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment, and then carrying out carbonization treatment;
(2) heating and melting the heating material, and crushing, mixing and rolling under high pressure to form slurry;
(3) then, the slurry and the conducting bars are formed together according to a specific mould;
(4) and coating the formed slurry and the conducting bars by taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer and a bottom layer to obtain the electrothermal film.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the thermal stabilization oxidation treatment is 200-300 ℃, and the time is 4 hours; the temperature of the carbonization treatment is 1000-1600 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature for heating and melting is 1500-1600 ℃; the high pressure is 19-20 MPa.
The electric heating film can be arranged on the wall, the ceiling and the ground in a concealed mode, and also can be arranged on the bottom surfaces of decorative materials such as wallpaper paint, plaster, a pressure display board, a parquet floor, ceramic tile flooring and the like. The heating principle of the electrothermal film is as follows: under the action of an electric field, carbon molecular groups in the electric heating film generate Brownian motion, violent friction and impact occur among carbon molecules, and generated heat energy is transmitted outwards in the form of far infrared radiation and convection. After the electric heating film is electrified (36 volt-ampere full voltage), the surface material of the electric heating film is an insulating material, no current is generated, even the decorative picture can be bound on the surface of the constructed material at will without worrying about any electric shock and burning problems, the service life of the material is long, and the service life of the material is equivalent to that of decoration or construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the electrothermal film has the effect of emitting energy, and the action principle of the electrothermal film is based on heating an object by using radiant energy flow and transmitting energy by adopting infrared waves so as to heat the object indoors; the infrared heating is adopted, so that the temperature can be uniformly distributed in the whole room; meanwhile, the electric heating film can be cut into any shape according to the requirement so as to adapt to various decorative elements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a longitudinal cutting structure of the electrothermal film of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the electrothermal film of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-a surface layer; 11-heat resistant polyester film; 2-middle layer; 21-a heat-generating material; 22-conducting bars; and 3-bottom layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides an electrothermal film, referring to fig. 1 and 2, including a surface layer 1, a middle layer 2 and a bottom layer 3, wherein:
the surface layer 1 and the bottom layer 3 are both heat-resistant polyester films 11;
the middle layer 2 includes a heat generating material 21 and a conductive bar 22.
As an alternative embodiment, the heat generating materials 21 are laid flat.
As an alternative embodiment, the conductive bars 22 are disposed on both sides of the heat-generating material.
As an alternative embodiment, the conducting bars 22 are copper conducting bars.
As an alternative embodiment, the heat generating material 21 is a simple metal or a metal alloy.
As an alternative embodiment, the elemental metal is one of copper, nickel, lithium, titanium, rubidium, cesium, gold, beryllium, zirconium, tungsten, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, tin, or magnesium.
As an alternative embodiment, the metal alloy is one of a copper-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, or a magnesium-carbon alloy.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrothermal film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the heat-resistant polyester film 11 in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, and then carrying out carbonization treatment at the temperature of 1000 ℃;
(2) heating and melting the heating material 21 at 1500 ℃, and crushing, mixing and rolling under 20MPa high pressure to form slurry;
(3) then, the slurry and the conducting bars 22 are formed together according to a specific mould to obtain a composite membrane;
(4) and taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer 1 and a bottom layer 3, and coating the composite film to obtain the electrothermal film.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrothermal film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the heat-resistant polyester film 11 in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 300 ℃, and then carrying out carbonization treatment at the temperature of 1000 ℃;
(2) heating and melting the heating material 21 at 1600 ℃, and crushing, mixing and rolling under 19MPa high pressure to form slurry;
(3) then, the slurry and the conducting bars 22 are formed together according to a specific mould to obtain a composite membrane;
(4) and taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer 1 and a bottom layer 3, and coating the composite film to obtain the electrothermal film.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of an electrothermal film, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the heat-resistant polyester film 11 in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment for 4 hours at the temperature of 250 ℃, and then carrying out carbonization treatment at the temperature of 1300 ℃;
(2) heating and melting the heating material 21 at 1550 ℃, and crushing, mixing and rolling under 19.81MPa to form slurry;
(3) then, the slurry and the conducting bars 22 are formed together according to a specific mould to obtain a composite membrane;
(4) and taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer 1 and a bottom layer 3, and coating the composite film to obtain the electrothermal film.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An electrothermal film, comprising a surface layer, a middle layer and a bottom layer, wherein:
the surface layer and the bottom layer are both heat-resistant polyester films;
the middle layer comprises a heating material and a conducting bar.
2. The electrothermal film of claim 1, wherein the heating material is disposed flat; the conducting bars are arranged on two sides of the heating material; the conducting strip is made of copper.
3. The electrothermal film according to claim 1, wherein the heating material is a simple metal or a metal alloy.
4. The electrothermal film of claim 3, wherein the elemental metal is one of copper, nickel, lithium, titanium, rubidium, cesium, gold, beryllium, zirconium, tungsten, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, tin, or magnesium.
5. The electrothermal film of claim 3, wherein the metal alloy is one of a copper-nickel alloy, an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, or a magnesium-carbon alloy.
6. A preparation method of the electrothermal film of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing the heat-resistant polyester film in an inert atmosphere, firstly carrying out heat-stable oxidation treatment, and then carrying out carbonization treatment;
(2) heating and melting the heating material, and crushing, mixing and rolling under high pressure to form slurry;
(3) then, the slurry and the conducting bars are formed together according to a specific mould;
(4) and coating the formed slurry and the conducting bars by taking the heat-resistant polyester film subjected to carbonization treatment as a surface layer and a bottom layer to obtain the electrothermal film.
7. The preparation method of the electrothermal film according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the thermal stabilization oxidation treatment is 200-300 ℃ and the time is 4 hours; the temperature of the carbonization treatment is 1000-1600 ℃.
8. The preparation method of the electrothermal film according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the heating and melting temperature is 1500-1600 ℃; the high pressure is 19-20 MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111033155.1A CN113709922A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Electrothermal film and preparation process thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111033155.1A CN113709922A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Electrothermal film and preparation process thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113709922A true CN113709922A (en) | 2021-11-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111033155.1A Pending CN113709922A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-09-03 | Electrothermal film and preparation process thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113709922A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2571103Y (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2003-09-03 | 王芳 | Low temp. radiation electric heated film |
| CN1649449A (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-03 | 珠海粤科清华电子陶瓷有限公司 | High temperature coburning heating element and its producing method |
| CN201039485Y (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-03-19 | 徐华平 | A low-temperature radiation electric heating film |
| CN202043305U (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2011-11-16 | 吉林大学 | High-temperature-resisting carbon fiber paper soft composite electric heating slice |
| KR20130109358A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-08 | 박세희 | Heating film using cotton mesh heating element |
-
2021
- 2021-09-03 CN CN202111033155.1A patent/CN113709922A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2571103Y (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2003-09-03 | 王芳 | Low temp. radiation electric heated film |
| CN1649449A (en) * | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-03 | 珠海粤科清华电子陶瓷有限公司 | High temperature coburning heating element and its producing method |
| CN201039485Y (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-03-19 | 徐华平 | A low-temperature radiation electric heating film |
| CN202043305U (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2011-11-16 | 吉林大学 | High-temperature-resisting carbon fiber paper soft composite electric heating slice |
| KR20130109358A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-08 | 박세희 | Heating film using cotton mesh heating element |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 周戟: "传输力量的能源", 上海科学技术文献出版社, pages: 225 - 226 * |
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