CN113708412B - 一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构及方法 - Google Patents
一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构及方法,包括上中下三层结构,上层电网层,电网层是以变压器为枢纽连接配电网与微电网,中层为信息协调控制层,信息协调控制层宝库解耦信息监控与数据处理平台,下层为微源层,微源层包括n个风光储微电网和风光可再生能源***;所述信息协调控制层将电网层与微源层与可再生能源***输出电压电流幅值、频率、储能***的SOC的信息通过通讯手段将数据传到数据处理平台上,完成信息处理后再通过通讯***反馈到电网层和微源层的风光储微电网和可再生***中,形成闭环***。本发明实现微电网群与配电网相互影响小、依赖关系低的一种弱连接状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电力***技术领域,特别涉及一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构及方法。
背景技术
随着国家能源技术的不断发展,可再生能源利用率在我国能源生产总量中不断扩大,微电网以其经济、环保、灵活、高效等独特的优势成为解决能源问题的主要研究手段。在传统的运行模式下,微电网群经过大功率变压器与配电网相连接。可再生能源渗透率越来越高,其有功功率的随机性、多变化性对微电网群以及配电网造成不小的影响。在能源管理***的支持下,配电网与微电网群在日内实时进行能量交互,这会使整个***结构以及算法更加复杂。配电网频繁的根据日内负荷变化向微电网输送能量,也会大大增加变压器、连接设备的老化损坏几率。
若配电网与微电网群实时能量交互,微电网群发生故障要与低压配电网断开连接转换为孤岛状态以及微电网故障恢复要与低压配电网重新并网连接时,此时微电网群内部瞬时三相电流冲击将非常大。这对于微电网***的安全稳定是一个很大的问题。改变传统两者连接模式,突出低压配电网在电网***中的辅助性功能。为构建安全、经济、灵活、高效微电网***,主要研究微电网群与低压配电网之间相互运作方式的策略是以后微电网运行控制的主要内容。
发明内容
为了克服以上技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构及方法,通过对储能***控制方式进行优化而提供的一种实现微电网群与低压配电网弱连接的方法,从而实现微电网群与配电网相互影响小、依赖关系低的一种弱连接状态。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构,包括上中下三层结构,上层电网层,电网层是以变压器为枢纽连接配电网与微电网,中层为信息协调控制层,信息协调控制层宝库解耦信息监控与数据处理平台,下层为微源层,微源层包括n个风光储微电网和风光可再生能源***;
所述信息协调控制层将电网层与微源层与可再生能源***输出电压电流幅值、频率、储能***的SOC(剩余电量值)的信息通过通讯手段将数据传到数据处理平台上,完成信息处理后再通过通讯***反馈到电网层和微源层的风光储微电网和可再生***中,形成闭环***。
所述风光储微电网包括风力机组、光伏发电以及储能***,储能***用于实现弱连接的控制方式为恒功率控制和恒压频比控制,三者经功率转换装置汇入公共连接点(Point ofCommon Coupling,PCC,)再通过变压器连接到低压配电网侧,所述弱连接点为变压器与PCC处。
所述转换装置为逆变器,用于将风力机组、光伏发电以及储能***输出的直流电转化为交流电。
所述储能***分为低、中、高三个阶段,当SOC值小于20%为低阶段;SOC值在20%到85%之间为中阶段;SOC值在85%以上为高阶段,中层信息监控与数据处理平台用于检测各个储能***的SOC值,当检测到储能***SOC值小于低阶段值时改变储能***工作模式,切换到充电模式,以最大功率充电至85%;当检测到储能***SOC值在20%到85%之间时保持微电网***处于弱连接状态;当检测储能***SOC高于85%时,储能停止充电,微电网切换为弱连接模式。
所述信息监控和数据处理平台用于获得储能***侧有功和无功功率Pbat、Qbat;配电网侧PG、QGt;风力机组侧有功和无功功率Pwind、Qwind;光伏发电侧有功和无功功率Ppv、Qpv;储能***SOC值。
所述风光可再生***包括风力机组和光伏发电,风机和光伏通过功率转换装置汇聚到同一个交流母线上。
所述信息存储与数据处理平台包括功率管理单元、并离网控制单元、电能质量分析与控制单元与通信管理单元。
所述微源层包括风力机组和光伏发电组成的风光可再生***和风光储组成的微电网***,数量为2-n个。
一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,包括以下步骤;
a、首先确定风光储微电网和可再生能源***数量,从而配备数量的储能***数量,n个储能***可保持m个风光储微电网和p可再生能源***保持弱连接状态(n=m+p);
b.确定好硬件装备数量之后,根据信息监控与数据处理平台反馈的负荷和可再生能源出力情况的大小进行功率分配;
C.根据信息监控和数据处理平台反馈回来的微电网和电网数据进行微源层设备的弱连接。
所述功率分配具体为:
当储能***侧有功功率为负,吸收风力机组和光伏发电剩余的能量,若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,立即改变储能***有功功率给定若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(1)所示,可使配电网侧输出的有功和无功功率为0,此时仍然连接配电网,配电网呈现一个辅助性作用,维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,即实现微电网弱连接,式(2)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接状态的功率守恒方程;
当可再生能源输出功率小于微电网中的负荷时,储能***侧发出有功功率,协助风力机组和光伏发电向负荷供电,若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(3)所示,即实现微电网弱连接;若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,储能***以最大功率充电至85%;若微电网发生故障需要断开,可以立即断开弱连接点,储能***工作在VF模式维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,式(4)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接状态的功率守恒方程。
本发明的有益效果。
本发明在传统中电网与微电网群实时能量交互,微电网群发生故障要与低压配电网断开连接转换为孤岛状态以及微电网故障恢复要与低压配电网重新并网连接时,此时微电网群内部瞬时三相电流冲击将非常大。这对于微电网***的安全稳定是一个很大的问题。由于电网与微电网***处于弱连接的状态,电网与微电网群的依赖关系低、相互影响小。所以当电网或者微电网发生故障需要两者需要独立运行时,两者均不会因为之前传统模式下的连接模式导致两者受到非常大的冲击。突出了电网对于微电网群的辅助性作用。
附图说明:
图1是本发明***整体层次图。
图2是本发明单体风光储微电网弱连接状态结构图。
图3是本发明风光储微电网与风光可再生***组成图。
图4是本发明微电网群与配电网弱连接结构关系图。
图5是本发明储能***模式切换流程图。
图6为本发明微电网群分层控制框图。
图7为功率转换装置示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-图7所示:为所提出的微电网群与配电网整体***图,由三层组成,上层是以变压器为枢纽连接配电网与微电网。中层为风光储微电网整体信息监控与数据处理平台。下层为n个风光储微电网和风光可再生能源***。
如图2所示为单体风光储微电网弱连接状态结构图。所提出的微电网***由风力机组、光伏发电以及储能***组成。储能***实现弱连接的控制方式为恒功率控制和恒压频比控制。三者经功率转换装置汇入公共连接点(Point ofCommon Coupling,PCC,)再通过变压器连接到低压配电网侧。所提出的弱连接点为变压器与PCC处。
如图3所示为风光储微电网与风光可再生能源***组成图,风光储微电网***包括风力机组、光伏发电与储能***。风光可再生***由风力机组和光伏发电组成。
如图4所示为微电网群与配电网弱连接示意图。以两个风光储微电网和一个风光可再生能源***为例组成。三者之间通过输电线路相互连接组成一个微电网群。微电网群中的单体微电网通过各自的PCCi(i=1,2,3)连接到一个总的PCC,然后在连接到配电网上。此***例子中有两个储能***,可保持两处PCCi(i=1,2,3)呈现弱连接状态。
如图5所示为微电网中储能***模式切换流程图。定义储能***荷电状态值(State ofCharge,SOC,)共分为低、中、高三个阶段。SOC值小于20%为低阶段;SOC值在20%到85%之间为中阶段;SOC值在85%以上为高阶段。中层信息监控与数据处理平台始终检测各个储能设备的SOC值。当检测到储能设备SOC值小于低阶段值时改变储能***工作模式,切换到充电模式,以最大功率充电至85%;当检测到储能设备SOC值在20%到85%之间时保持微电网***处于弱连接状态;当检测储能***SOC高于85%时,储能停止充电,微电网切换为弱连接模式。
由于可再生能源渗透率逐年上升,风力机组、光伏发电等分布式电源在输出功率方面有较大得随机性、不确定性。若微电网或配电网因为发生故障需要立即断开时,因为两者在传统方式上具有很强的耦合性,相互影响较大。在断开时微电网会有很大的电流冲击,这在很大程度上影响到了微电网与配电网的平衡。为解决这些问题,需要建立一种微电网与配电网弱连接状态,来保证在故障和故障恢复时微电网***安全稳定运行。
通过信息监控和数据处理平台,获得储能***侧有功和无功功率Pbat、Qbat;配电网侧PG、QGt;风力机组侧有功和无功功率Pwind、Qwind;光伏发电侧有功和无功功率Ppv、Qpv;储能***SOC值;
一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,包括以下步骤;
a、首先确定风光储微电网和可再生能源***数量,从而配备数量的储能***数量。n个储能***可保持m个风光储微电网和p可再生能源***保持弱连接状态(n=m+p)。
b.确定好硬件装备数量之后,根据信息监控与数据处理平台反馈的负荷和可再生能源出力情况的大小进行功率分配。
此结构中微电网和风光可再生***实现弱连接储能具体功率分配为,
1、可再生能源输出有功功率大于区域所需负荷时,储能的有功与无功功率给定功率按照式(1)分配.微电网功率守恒式为式(2)。
2、可再生能源输出有功功率小于区域所需负荷时,储能的有功与无功功率给定功率按照式(3)分配.微电网功率守恒式为式(4)。
C.根据信息监控和数据处理平台反馈回来的微电网和电网数据进行微源层设备的弱连接。此表和图5相同意思。
由于可再生能源输出功率和负荷之间的差值正负决定了储能***是否充放电状态,所以将分为两个情况考虑。
当储能***侧有功功率为负,吸收风力机组和光伏发电剩余的能量,若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,立即改变储能***有功功率给定若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(1)所示,可使配电网侧输出的有功和无功功率为0,此时仍然连接配电网,配电网呈现一个辅助性作用,维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,即实现微电网弱连接,式(2)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接状态的功率守恒方程;
当可再生能源输出功率小于微电网中的负荷时,储能***侧发出有功功率,协助风力机组和光伏发电向负荷供电,若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(3)所示,即实现微电网弱连接;若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,储能***以最大功率充电至85%;若微电网发生故障需要断开,可以立即断开弱连接点,储能***工作在VF模式维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,式(4)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接状态的功率守恒方程。
Claims (4)
1.一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
a、首先确定风光储微电网和可再生能源***数量,从而配备数量的储能***数量,n个储能***可保持m个风光储微电网和p可再生能源***保持弱连接模式;
b.确定好硬件装备数量之后,根据信息监控与数据处理平台反馈的负荷和可再生能源出力情况的大小进行功率分配;
c.根据信息监控和数据处理平台反馈回来的微电网和电网数据进行微源层设备的弱连接;
所述功率分配具体为:
当储能***侧有功功率为负,吸收风力机组和光伏发电剩余的能量,若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,立即改变储能***有功功率给定若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(1)所示,使配电网侧输出的有功和无功功率为0,此时仍然连接配电网,配电网呈现一个辅助性作用,维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,即实现微电网弱连接,式(2)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接模式的功率守恒方程;
当可再生能源输出功率小于微电网中的负荷时,储能***侧发出有功功率,协助风力机组和光伏发电向负荷供电,若储能***SOC值处在20%到85%之间时,储能***工作在恒功率控制策略下,其有功功率给定Pref和无功功率给定Qref如式(3)所示,即实现微电网弱连接;若储能***SOC值处在20%以下,储能***以最大功率充电至85%;若微电网发生故障需要断开,立即断开弱连接点,储能***工作在VF模式维持微电网***电压和频率恒定,式(4)为可再生能源输出功率大于微电网中的负荷时弱连接模式的功率守恒方程;
连接结构包括上中下三层结构,上层电网层,电网层是以变压器为枢纽连接配电网与微电网,中层为信息协调控制层,信息协调控制层解耦信息监控与数据处理平台,下层为微源层,微源层包括n个风光储微电网和风光可再生能源***;
所述信息协调控制层将电网层与微源层输出电压电流幅值、频率、储能***的SOC的信息通过通讯手段将数据传到信息监控与数据处理平台上,完成信息处理后再通过通讯***反馈到电网层和微源层的风光储微电网和风光可再生能源***中,形成闭环***;
所述风光储微电网包括风力机组、光伏发电以及储能***,储能***用于实现弱连接的控制方式为恒功率控制和恒压频比控制,三者经功率转换装置汇入公共连接点(Pointof Common Coupling,PCC,)再通过变压器连接到低压配电网侧,所述弱连接点为变压器与PCC处;
所述信息监控和数据处理平台用于获得储能***侧有功和无功功率Pbat、Qbat;配电网侧有功和无功功率PG、QG;风力机组侧有功和无功功率Pwind、Qwind;光伏发电侧有功和无功功率Ppv、Qpv;储能***SOC值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,其特征在于,所述功率转换装置为逆变器,用于将风力机组、光伏发电以及储能***输出的直流电转化为交流电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,其特征在于,所述储能***分为低、中、高三个阶段,当SOC值小于20%为低阶段;SOC值在20%到85%之间为中阶段;SOC值在85%以上为高阶段,中层信息监控与数据处理平台用于检测各个储能***的SOC值,当检测到储能***SOC值小于低阶段值时改变储能***工作模式,切换到充电模式,以最大功率充电至85%;当检测到储能***SOC值在20%到85%之间时保持微电网***处于弱连接模式;当检测储能***SOC高于85%时,储能停止充电,微电网切换为弱连接模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微电网群与低压配电网弱连接结构的运行方法,其特征在于,所述风光可再生能源***包括风力机组和光伏发电,风机和光伏通过功率转换装置汇聚到同一个交流母线上。
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