CN113704863B - Method for designing key parameters for controlling filling of room-and-column type goaf - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing key parameters for controlling filling of a room-and-column type goaf, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sampling coal rock mass of a left coal pillar in a room-and-column type goaf, and testing to obtain physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass, wherein the physical parameters comprise the coefficient of crushing and expansion of coal and the angle of repose of a stacking body; step 2, determining the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillars according to the measured physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass; step 3, determining the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar according to the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar; and 4, determining whether the room and pillar type goaf needs to be filled and managed according to the safety coefficient of the left-over coal pillars, and determining a filling management mode and a control filling key parameter of the filling management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mining subsidence prevention and control, relates to goaf control filling parameters, and particularly relates to a method for designing key parameters of room-and-column type goaf control filling.
Background
The coal mine room and pillar type goaf mainly refers to a goaf formed by mining in room and pillar type, room type, roadway type and other mining modes. After the coal mine is mined, a left coal pillar is reserved to support the overlying strata so as to control the movement of the overlying strata and the earth surface. However, under the action of factors such as overburden stress and weathering, the remaining coal pillars have the problems of continuously reduced effective size and continuously reduced stability, so that the remaining coal pillars are unstable and the ground building structure is damaged, thereby generating great potential safety hazards. With the continuous development of national economic construction and mining cities, a large number of railways and highways have to pass through coal mine goafs, and some buildings and structures cannot be built on the old goafs of the room-and-pillar coal mines, so that goaf disasters become prominent problems influencing the long-term survival of the people and the long-term development of the society.
The existing common method for goaf treatment is a full-filling grouting method, but because the residual cavities of the room-and-pillar type goaf are large, the grouting amount required by full filling is large, the treatment cost is high, and the bearing capacity of the residual coal pillars is not considered in full-filling grouting, so that the method has a large optimization space. How to give full play to the bearing capacity of leaving over the coal column, reduce and fill the design volume, reduce collecting space area treatment cost, harmonize the synergism of leaving over coal column and obturator, ensure that the long-term stability of leaving over the coal column is the important problem that room column formula collecting space area fills the design and needs to solve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for designing key parameters for controlling and filling a room-and-column type goaf, and solve the technical problems that the bearing performance of a left coal column is not considered in room-and-column type goaf filling in the prior art and the filling grouting amount is too large.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for designing key parameters for controlling filling of a room-and-column type goaf is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sampling coal rock mass of a left coal pillar in a room-and-column type goaf, and testing to obtain physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass, wherein the physical parameters comprise the coefficient of crushing and expansion of coal and the angle of repose of a stacking body;
step 2, determining the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillars according to the measured physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass;
step 3, determining the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar according to the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar;
step 4, determining whether the room-and-column goaf needs to be filled and managed according to the left-over coal pillar safety coefficient, and determining a filling and managing mode and a filling and managing control filling parameter, wherein the filling and managing control filling parameter specifically comprises the following steps:
if the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar is less than 1, selecting a filling treatment mode to carry out filling treatment on the goaf; the filling treatment mode comprises non-top contact filling and pier column filling, wherein the non-top contact filling is controlled
The filling key parameters comprise filling height and uniaxial compressive strength of a non-top-contact filling body; the key parameters of the control filling of the pier column filling comprise the elasticity modulus of the pier column filling body and the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the maximum stripping depth of the remaining coal pillar in step 2 is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,d p the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m;hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;kis the coefficient of crushing and swelling of the coal;φ r is the angle of repose of the stack in degrees;athe width of the left coal pillar is m;lthe length of the left coal pillar is m.
Further, the remaining coal pillar safety factor in step 3 is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Fs p the safety factor of the left coal pillar is high;Hthe unit is m for the mining depth;bthe unit is m, which is the distance between the left coal pillars;σ s is the uniaxial compressive strength of coal, in Pa;γis the volume weight of overlying strata in the unit of N/m3。
Furthermore, for roof-and-pillar goaf non-roof filling:
the filling height is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-roof-connected filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,h c the filling height is the non-roof contact filling height, and the unit is m;σ c1 the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-roof-contacted filling body is expressed in Pa;φ s the internal friction angle of the remaining coal pillar is expressed in degrees.
Furthermore, for the pier column filling of the room and pillar type goaf:
the modulus of elasticity of the pier column filling body is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier stud filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,σ c2 the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body is Pa;χcorrecting the coefficient for the bearing capacity of the pier of the filling body;E c the modulus of elasticity of the pier column filling body is Pa;E s the elastic modulus of the left coal pillar is Pa;A p in order to leave the area of the top surface of the coal pillar,A p =(a+b)(l+b) Unit is m2；A e The area of the elastic core after the remaining coal pillar is stripped,A e =(a-2d)(l- 2d) Unit is m2；A c Is the area of the top surface of the pier column filling body, and the unit is m2。
Furthermore, the pier column filling of the room and pillar type goaf comprises the step of filling pier columns, the quantity of which is twice that of the left-over coal columns, on the two opposite sides of the left-over coal columns; filling pier columns with the number twice that of the left coal columns at the four sides of the left coal columns; filling pier columns with the quantity equal to that of the left-over coal columns at two opposite sides of the left-over coal columns; and (4) filling piers with the quantity equal to that of the left coal pillars on the opposite four sides of the left coal pillars.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the method fully utilizes the bearing performance of the remaining coal pillars in the room and pillar type goaf, so that the remaining coal pillars and the filling body can play a synergistic effect, and parameters such as the size, the elastic modulus, the filling strength and the like of the filling body can be accurately determined before room and pillar type goaf filling operation is carried out, so that the design amount of goaf filling is reduced, the long-term stability of the remaining coal pillars is ensured, the filling effect of the room and pillar type goaf is improved, and the filling cost of the room and pillar type goaf is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular pillar coal stripping model;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a roof-and-pillar goaf roof-contact-free filling model, wherein (a) is a roof-contact-free filling mechanical model, (B) is a partial simplification of a mechanical model A, and (c) is a partial simplification of a mechanical model B;
fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the filling of the room and pillar type goaf pier stud in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein,
(a) filling pier columns with the quantity twice that of the left-over coal columns at two opposite sides of the left-over coal columns;
(b) filling pier columns with the number twice that of the left coal columns at the four sides of the left coal columns;
(c) filling pier columns with the quantity equal to that of the left-over coal columns at two opposite sides of the left-over coal columns;
(d) filling pier columns with the quantity equal to that of the left coal columns on the four opposite sides of the left coal columns;
fig. 4 is a mechanical model of pier column filling with twice as many left-behind pillars filled on opposite sides of the left-behind pillars, wherein (a) is a plan view, (b) is a cross-sectional view, and (c) is a longitudinal-sectional view;
fig. 5 is a mechanical model of pier column filling in which the number of four sides of a left coal column is twice that of the left coal column, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a longitudinal section;
fig. 6 is a mechanical model of pier column filling in which the number of the left-over pillars is equal to that of the left-over pillars, in which (a) is a plan view, (b) is a cross-sectional view, and (c) is a longitudinal view;
fig. 7 is a mechanical model of pier column filling in which the number of left-behind pillars is equal to the number of left-behind pillars, on opposite four sides of the left-behind pillars, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following is an explanation of technical terms to which the present invention relates:
room and column type goaf: and a goaf is formed by adopting a room-and-pillar type, room-and-pillar type and other coal mining methods.
Filling rate: and when the goaf is treated, the ratio of the volume of the filling slurry to the residual void volume of the goaf in the treatment range is determined.
Filling without roof contact: and grouting is carried out in the coal house, the injected slurry is not completely filled in the coal house, the slurry is not contacted with the top plate of the goaf, and the filling rate of non-roof-contacting filling can be determined by the proportional relation between the filling height and the height of the coal pillar.
The relevant parameters in the scheme are explained as follows:
| (symbol) | means of | Unit of |
| a | Width of left coal pillar | m |
| a' | Maximum width of bottom edge of stripped left coal pillar | m |
| a" | Minimum width of left coal pillar after stripping | m |
| Ap | Area of top surface of left coal pillar | m2 |
| Ac | Roof area of filling body of room and pillar type goaf | m2 |
| Ae | The area of the elastic core after the left coal pillar is stripped is the area of the left coal pillar, the stripping area and the plastic area are reduced | m2 |
| b | Left coal pillar spacing | m |
| dp | Maximum stripping depth of left coal pillar | m |
| Ec | Modulus of elasticity of pier column filling body | Pa |
| Es | Modulus of elasticity of remaining coal pillar | Pa |
| Fsp | Safety coefficient of left coal pillar | |
| h | Height of left coal pillar | m |
| hc | Filling height without roof-contacting filling | m |
| H | Depth of exploitation | m |
| k | Coefficient of crushing and expansion of coal | |
| l | Length of left coal pillar | m |
| l' | Maximum length of bottom edge of stripped left coal pillar | m |
| l'' | Minimum length of left-over coal pillar after stripping | m |
| φr | The repose angle of the accumulation body is generally 30-45 degrees, and the stronger the edge angle of the fragments is, the lower the heterogeneity is, the larger the repose angle is, and the repose angle can be obtained through tests | ° |
| φs | Internal friction angle of left coal pillar | ° |
| σs | Uniaxial compressive strength of coal | Pa |
| σc1 | Uniaxial compressive strength of non-roof-contact filling body | Pa |
| σc2 | Uniaxial compressive strength of pier column filling body | Pa |
| χ | Correction coefficient of bearing capacity of pier of filling body | |
| γ | And the volume weight of the overlying rock, gamma = rho g, wherein rho is the average density of the overlying rock, and g is the gravity acceleration. | N/m3 |
As shown in fig. 1, for a single rectangular coal pillar left in a room-and-column type goaf, if the coal fragments falling off after stripping are discrete media, according to the theory of the discrete media, the falling coal blocks form a triangle on two sides of the coal pillar and are stacked, the coal fragments are stacked according to the repose angle of the stacked body, if the stacked body reaches the repose angle of the stacked body and the top end of the stacked body reaches the top end of the coal pillar, the whole coal pillar is surrounded by the stable stacked body, the stacked body can isolate the coal wall of the coal pillar from the external environment and provide lateral restraint for the coal wall of the coal pillar, and at the moment, the coal pillar stripping process is considered to be stopped and the stacked body reaches a stable state.
For a goaf, the crushing expansion coefficient range of coal is usually between 1.05 and 1.20, and the harder the lithology is, the larger the crushing expansion coefficient of coal is; the hardness of the coal is generally 1-4; the repose angle of the stacked body is generally 30-45 degrees, and the stronger the angularity of the coal fragments is, the lower the heterogeneity is, and the larger the repose angle of the stacked body is.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the goaf to be filled and managed is a certain room column type goaf in northern Shaanxi, and the specific parameters of the goaf include: depth of exploitationH200m, overburden bulk densityγIs 24kN/m3Width of left coal pillaraIs 8m, and the length of the left coal pillarl8m, height of the remaining coal pillarhIs 3m, left coal pillar spacingb8m, uniaxial compressive strength of coalσ s 15MPa, internal friction angle of coalφ s At 30 degrees, the crushing expansion coefficient of coalk1.2 angle of repose of the stackφ r Is 40 degrees, and the modulus of elasticity of the coalE s Is 1.5 GPa.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a method for designing key parameters for controlling filling of a room-and-pillar type goaf, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, sampling coal rock mass of a left coal pillar in a room-and-column type goaf, and testing to obtain physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass, wherein the physical parameters comprise the coefficient of crushing and expansion of coal and the angle of repose of a stacking body;
step 2, determining the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillars according to the measured physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,d p the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m;hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;kis the coefficient of crushing and swelling of the coal;φ r is the angle of repose of the stack in degrees;athe width of the left coal pillar is m;lthe length of the left coal pillar is m.
Calculating to obtain the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar in the goafd p Is 1.66 m.
Step 3, determining the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar according to the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar;
in this embodiment, the remaining coal pillar safety factor is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Fs p the safety factor of the left coal pillar is high;Hthe unit is m for the mining depth;bthe unit is m, which is the distance between the left coal pillars;σ s is the uniaxial compressive strength of coal, in Pa;γis the volume weight of overlying strata in the unit of N/m3。
And calculating to obtain the safety coefficient of the remaining coal pillars in the goaf to be 0.26 and less than 1, which indicates that the room-and-column type goaf can not keep long-term stability and needs filling treatment.
(1) If non-roof-contact filling is adopted, the key filling control parameters needing to be determined comprise filling height and uniaxial compressive strength of a non-roof-contact filling body;
specifically, the filling height is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-roof-connected filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,h c the filling height is the non-roof contact filling height, and the unit is m;σ c1 the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-roof-contacted filling body is expressed in Pa;φ s the internal friction angle of the remaining coal pillar is expressed in degrees.
The filling height is calculated by the formulah c Not less than 2.3m, no roof contact, uniaxial compressive strength of filling bodyσ c1 The pressure is more than or equal to 5.29MPa, so that the long-term stability of the treated goaf can be ensured.
At the lowest filling level, filling rateh c /h=77%The filling amount can be reduced by 23% relative to full filling (filling rate 100%).
(2) If the pier column filling is adopted, the key parameters of the control filling required to be determined comprise the elastic modulus of the pier column filling body and the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body;
specifically, the modulus of elasticity of the pier packing body is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier stud filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,σ c2 the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body is Pa;χcorrecting the coefficient for the bearing capacity of the pier of the filling body;E c the modulus of elasticity of the pier column filling body is Pa;E s the elastic modulus of the left coal pillar is Pa;A p in order to leave the area of the top surface of the coal pillar,A p =(a+b)(l+b) Unit is m2；A e The area of the elastic core after the remaining coal pillar is stripped,A e =(a-2d)(l- 2d) Unit is m2；A c Is the area of the top surface of the pier column filling body, and the unit is m2。
In this embodiment, the filling of the pillars in the room and pillar type goaf includes filling pillars twice as many as the left-over pillars on the opposite sides of the left-over pillars, and filling the top surface areaA c =bl+2ld p +b 2 (ii) a The four sides of the left coal pillar are filled with pier pillars with the quantity twice that of the left coal pillar, and the top surface area of the filling bodyA c =(b+2d p )(a+l)-4d p 2 (ii) a The pier columns with the quantity of the left coal pillars are filled on the two opposite sides of the left coal pillars, and the area of the top surface of the filling bodyA c =l(b+2d p ) (ii) a The pier columns with the quantity of the left coal pillars are filled on the four opposite sides of the left coal pillars, and the area of the top surface of the filling bodyA c =b 2 。
Designing a filling body by adopting a 45-degree circular truncated cone-shaped pier column, and then determining the ultimate bearing capacity coefficient of a circular truncated cone structure through an indoor testχ1.65, the area of the elastic core after the left coal pillar is strippedA e Is 21.9m2。
In this embodiment, four pier column filling modes are set, and the specific calculation results are as follows:
A. the opposite two sides of the left coal pillar are filled with pier pillars with the quantity twice that of the left coal pillar, the filling rate is 67 percent, and the area of the top surface of the filling bodyA c Is 154.6m2Modulus of elasticity of the filled pier studE c Not less than 1.4GPa, uniaxial compressive strength of pier column filling bodyσ c2 ≥3.32MPa。
B. The four sides of the left coal pillar are filled with pier pillars with the quantity twice that of the left coal pillar, the filling rate is 67 percent, and the top surface area of the filling bodyA c Is 170.1 m2Modulus of elasticity of the filled pier studE c Not less than 1.27GPa, uniaxial compressive strength of pier column filling bodyσ c2 ≥3.02MPa。
C. If the quantity of the pier studs is 33 percent and the filling rate is 33 percent, the top surface area of the filling body is larger than the quantity of the left coal pillarsA c Is 90.6 m2Modulus of elasticity of the filled pier studE c Not less than 2.39GPa, uniaxial compressive strength of pier column filling bodyσ c2 ≥5.67MPa。
D. If the quantity of the pier pillars is the quantity of the left coal pillars and the filling rate is 33 percent, the area of the top surface of the filling body is larger than the area of the left coal pillarsA c Is 64.0 m2Modulus of elasticity of the filled pier studE c Not less than 3.39GPa, uniaxial compressive strength of pier column filling bodyσ c2 ≥8.0MPa。
After the method is used, the designed filling rate of the goaf treatment is 33% -67%, and compared with full filling (the filling rate is 100%), the filling amount can be reduced by 33% -67%, which shows that the filling amount can be obviously reduced by using the method, and the goaf treatment cost is greatly reduced.
Experiments prove that the room-and-column goaf designed by the method can effectively exert the bearing performance of the remaining coal pillar, reduce the filling design amount by 20-60% and greatly reduce the goaf treatment cost by controlling the filling parameters.
Claims (6)
1. A method for designing key parameters for controlling filling of a room-and-column type goaf is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, sampling coal rock mass of a left coal pillar in a room-and-column type goaf, and testing to obtain physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass, wherein the physical parameters comprise the coefficient of crushing and expansion of coal and the angle of repose of a stacking body;
step 2, determining the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillars according to the measured physical mechanical parameters of the coal rock mass;
step 3, determining the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar according to the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar;
step 4, determining whether the room-and-column goaf needs to be filled and managed according to the left-over coal pillar safety coefficient, and determining a filling and managing mode and a filling and managing control filling parameter, wherein the filling and managing control filling parameter specifically comprises the following steps:
if the safety coefficient of the left coal pillar is less than 1, selecting a filling treatment mode to carry out filling treatment on the goaf;
the filling treatment mode comprises non-top contact filling and pier column filling, wherein the key filling control parameters of the non-top contact filling comprise filling height and uniaxial compressive strength of a non-top contact filling body; the key parameters of the control filling of the pier column filling comprise the elasticity modulus of the pier column filling body and the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum stripping depth of the remaining pillars in step 2 is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,d p the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m;hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;kis the coefficient of crushing and swelling of the coal;
is the angle of repose of the stack in degrees;athe width of the left coal pillar is m;lthe length of the left coal pillar is m.
3. The method for designing key parameters for the controlled filling of the room and pillar type goaf according to claim 1, wherein the safety factor of the left-over pillars in step 3 is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Fs p the safety factor of the left coal pillar is high;Hthe unit is m for the mining depth;bthe unit is m, which is the distance between the left coal pillars;σ s is the uniaxial compressive strength of coal, in Pa;γis the volume weight of overlying strata in the unit of N/m3，d p The maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m;hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;athe width of the left coal pillar is m.
4. The method for designing key parameters for controlled filling of a room and pillar gob of claim 1, wherein for non-roof filling of a room and pillar gob:
the filling height is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the non-roof-connected filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,h c the filling height is the non-roof contact filling height, and the unit is m;σ c1 charging without abutting against the topUniaxial compressive strength of the filling body, wherein the unit is Pa;
the internal friction angle of the left coal pillar is expressed by degree,γis the volume weight of overlying strata in the unit of N/m3；HThe unit is m for the mining depth;bthe distance between the left coal pillars is m,hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;athe width of the left coal pillar is m,σ s is the uniaxial compressive strength of coal, in Pa;d p the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m.
5. The method for designing key parameters for controlled filling of a room and pillar type gob according to claim 1, wherein for the filling of the pillars of the room and pillar type gob:
the modulus of elasticity of the pier column filling body is determined by the following formula:
the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier stud filling body is determined by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,σ c2 the uniaxial compressive strength of the pier column filling body is Pa;χcorrecting the coefficient for the bearing capacity of the pier of the filling body;E c the modulus of elasticity of the pier column filling body is Pa;E s the elastic modulus of the left coal pillar is Pa;A p in order to leave the area of the top surface of the coal pillar,A p =(a+b)(l+b) Unit is m2；A e The area of the elastic core after the remaining coal pillar is stripped,A e =(a-2d)(l-2d) In the unit ofm2；A c Is the area of the top surface of the pier column filling body, and the unit is m2，γIs the volume weight of overlying strata in the unit of N/m3；HThe unit is m for the mining depth;bthe distance between the left coal pillars is m,hthe height of the left coal pillar is m;athe width of the left coal pillar is m,σ s is the uniaxial compressive strength of coal, in Pa;d p the maximum stripping depth of the left coal pillar is m.
6. The method for designing key parameters for controlled filling of a room and pillar type goaf according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling of the pillars of the room and pillar type goaf comprises filling pillars twice as many as the remaining pillars on opposite sides of the remaining pillars; filling pier columns with the number twice that of the left coal columns at the four sides of the left coal columns; filling pier columns with the quantity equal to that of the left-over coal columns at two opposite sides of the left-over coal columns; and (4) filling piers with the quantity equal to that of the left coal pillars on the opposite four sides of the left coal pillars.
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