CN113702613B - Method for determining critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of material - Google Patents
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000742 Microalloyed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, comprising: 1) Carrying out a single compression experiment on the experimental material to obtain a stress-strain curve in the deformation process; 2) Taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data, and then redrawing a stress-strain curve in a sigma-lg epsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system or in a lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system; 3) Calibrating the linear section part interval, and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with regression coefficients R more than or equal to 0.99; 4) Drawing xi in rectangular coordinate system 2 -epsilon curve; 5) The critical strain value at which dynamic recrystallization of the material occurs is determined. The invention can rapidly and accurately determine the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of the material during compression deformation, and provides a basis for grasping the technological parameters of the steel material during the hot working process and optimizing the hot working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material hot working, in particular to a method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material.
Background
When the metal material is plastically deformed at high temperature, on one hand, the metal material can be subjected to work hardening along with the increase of the deformation amount, so that a large number of dislocation is generated in the material; on the other hand, a softening process with both dynamic reversion and dynamic recrystallization is generated to counteract this work hardening. Dynamic recrystallization has a great influence on the subsequent phase transformation behavior and the mechanical properties of the final product, and one of the current works on mathematical models to study the dynamic recrystallization of metals and alloys during thermal deformation is to determine the critical conditions under which dynamic recrystallization occurs.
Initially, some scholars have considered the strain corresponding to the peak stress in the true stress-strain curve of the material as the dynamic recrystallization critical strain, after which studies have found that the metal has recrystallized before reaching the peak stress. Therefore, it is not preferable to use the strain corresponding to the stress peak as the critical strain at which dynamic recrystallization occurs. Another straightforward method is to determine the dynamic recrystallization critical strain by observing metallographic microstructures at different strain amounts, which is difficult to operate and has a certain deviation from the actual critical strain.
The Chinese patent of patent No. ZL201811110795.6 discloses a method for predicting the critical rolling reduction of dynamic recrystallization during hot rolling of microalloyed steel, which is based on metallographic structure observation, and is characterized in that a high-temperature compression experiment is carried out on a cylindrical sample at a deformation temperature of 850-1250 ℃, peak strains at different temperatures are read on a rheological stress curve obtained through the experiment, the range of the critical strain of dynamic recrystallization at different temperatures is calculated, the critical strain of dynamic recrystallization is determined by combining the peak strains and the range of the critical strain, and then the relation between the strain corresponding to the peak stress and the critical strain is obtained through linear fitting. The critical strain range selected in the method is a wider data interval, the interval cannot cover rheological behavior characteristics of all materials, the observation operation difficulty of a metallographic structure is high, and certain deviation exists in linear fitting, so that the method is difficult to give accurate critical strain.
Ryan, mcQueen and Kocks et al define the stress on the θ - σ curve where θ and σ begin to deviate from the linear relationship as critical stress based on the difference in dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization, strain hardening behavior, and thereby determine the critical strain. However, when the true stress is smaller than the critical stress, the linear relationship between θ and σ is not necessarily the case, which makes it difficult to determine the position of the inflection point, i.e., the critical stress. And the theta-sigma curve is obtained, and the operations of fitting, differentiating, curve conversion and the like are needed to be carried out on experimental data.
In summary, in order to quickly and accurately determine the critical conditions under which dynamic recrystallization occurs, a new determination method is also required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of a material, which can rapidly and accurately determine the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization of the material during compression deformation, and provides a basis for grasping the technological parameters of a steel material during hot working and optimizing the hot working process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method of determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, comprising the steps of:
1) Carrying out a single compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress strain curve in the deformation process of the experimental material; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve to remove the influence of noise on the experimental curve;
2) Taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, taking positive values of the stress sigma and the strain epsilon; then redrawing a stress-strain curve in a sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system or in a lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) Calibrating the linear section part interval according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with a regression coefficient R more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is expressed by the following formula:
σ 1 ＝A+Blgε (1)
lgσ 2 ＝A 1 +B 1 lgε (2)
in sigma 1 Is the stress value; lg sigma 2 Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A 1 、B 1 Is a regression coefficient;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (1), and if the subinterval is selected under the lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (2);
4) Calculating the stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3) 1 Or the logarithm of stress value lgσ 2 Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lgsigma of step 2) to obtain the following formula:
ξ 1 ＝σ 1 -σ (3)
ξ 2 ＝lgσ 2 -lgσ (4)
in xi 1 In order to obtain characteristic stress difference in sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, xi 2 Is the increment due to the difference of characteristic stress under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (3) to calculate xi 1 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 1 -epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (4) to calculate xi 2 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 2 -epsilon curve;
5) For ζ obtained in step 4) 1 -epsilon curve or xi 2 -analysing the epsilon curve to determine that the curve has zero values in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain subinterval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value as the strain increases to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on the processes of work hardening, recovery softening, dynamic recrystallization softening and the like of the material in the deformation process, the reduction effect of dynamic recrystallization on the stress value is highlighted through a logarithmic coordinate system, and the difference between a characteristic calculated value and an actual value related to the stress is found through curve fitting, so that the critical condition of dynamic recrystallization is rapidly and accurately determined, and a foundation is laid for researching the dynamic recrystallization process of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a stress strain curve of the experimental steel in the rectangular coordinate system of example 1 during deformation at 1000 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a plot of stress strain during deformation at 1000℃for the experimental steel in the sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic scale of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison between the calculated values of deformation stress strain curves of the experimental steel at 1000℃in example 1 and the experimental values.
In fig. 3, 1 is a stress-strain curve calculated value, and 2 is a stress-strain curve experimental value.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the determination of the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization of the experimental steel at 1000℃in example 1.
In fig. 4, 1 is a critical point, 2 is a stress increment, and 3 is a straight line with a stress increment of zero.
Fig. 5 is a stress strain curve of the experimental steel in the rectangular coordinate system of example 2 during deformation at 950 ℃.
FIG. 6 is a stress strain curve of experimental steel in the deformation at 950℃in the lgσ -lgε double logarithmic coordinate system of example 2.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison between the calculated values of deformation stress strain curves at 950℃and the experimental values of the experimental steel in example 2.
In fig. 7, 1 is a stress-strain curve calculated value, and 2 is a stress-strain curve experimental value.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the determination of the critical strain for dynamic recrystallization of the experimental steel at 950℃in example 2.
In fig. 8, 1 is a critical point, 2 is a stress increment, and 3 is a straight line with a stress increment of zero.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) Carrying out a single compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress strain curve in the deformation process of the experimental material; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve to remove the influence of noise on the experimental curve;
2) Taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, taking positive values of the stress sigma and the strain epsilon; then redrawing a stress-strain curve in a sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system or in a lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) Calibrating the linear section part interval according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with a regression coefficient R more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is expressed by the following formula:
σ 1 ＝A+Blgε (1)
loσ 2 ＝A 1 +B 1 lgε (2)
in sigma 1 Is the stress value; lo sigma 2 Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A 1 、B 1 Is a regression coefficient;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (1), and if the subinterval is selected under the lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (2);
4) Calculating the stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3) 1 Or the logarithm of stress value lgσ 2 Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lgsigma of step 2) to obtain the following formula:
ξ 1 ＝σ 1 -σ (3)
ξ 2 ＝lgσ 2 -lgσ (4)
in xi 1 In order to obtain characteristic stress difference in sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, xi 2 Is the increment due to the difference of characteristic stress under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (3) to calculate xi 1 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 1 -epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (4) to calculate xi 2 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 2 -epsilon curve;
5) For ζ obtained in step 4) 1 -epsilon curve or xi 2 -analysing the epsilon curve to determine that the curve has zero values in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain subinterval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value as the strain increases to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
In the present invention, with respect to ζ obtained in step 4) 1 -epsilon curve or xi 2 Analysis of the epsilon curve reveals that the curve has zero values in selected strain subintervalsSince the calculated value obtained by the formula (3) or the formula (4) has high consistency with the experimental value in this interval, the difference between the two is zero. When the strain exceeds the selected strain subinterval, the calculated value will be greater than the experimental value as the strain increases to a certain value. This is because the material undergoes the processes of work hardening and recovery softening and dynamic recrystallization softening during the deformation process, and the work hardening and recovery softening process occurs in the initial stage, the stress increases rapidly with the increase of strain, but the increase gradually decreases, and when dynamic recrystallization occurs, the stress changes with the change rule of strain, which breaks the original change rule, and a mutation occurs, which corresponds to the strain value when the calculated value deviates from the experimental value, so that the critical strain at which dynamic recrystallization occurs can be determined.
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the following examples are given by way of illustration of detailed embodiments and specific procedures based on the technical scheme of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ example 1 ]
In this example, the process for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of materials is as follows:
1. the sample material is an alloy steel containing nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy elements, and the size of the sample is as followsThe test sample is subjected to a single compression test by a thermal simulation tester, heated to 1200 ℃, kept at that temperature for 3 minutes, then cooled to a deformation temperature of 1000 ℃, and at that temperature the strain rate is 0.1s -1 Performing compression deformation to obtain a stress-strain curve in the sample deformation process, and performing smoothing treatment on the curve to remove the influence of noise on the curve in the experiment, as shown in fig. 1;
2. taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress strain curve in the step 1, namely changing corresponding numerical values into positive values, and then redrawing the stress strain curve in a sigma-lg epsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, as shown in fig. 2;
3. in fig. 2, a linear segment partial interval is identified, and a subinterval (0.056,0.180) is selected for linear regression, and the regression coefficient r= 0.9996 is obtained, where the regression equation is as follows:
σ 1 ＝147.228+52.544lgε (5)
4. calculating the stress value sigma by using the strain described in the step 2 as an independent variable and adopting a formula (5) 1 Comparing the calculated stress value with an experimental value, and drawing a curve corresponding to the experimental value and the calculated value in the same coordinate system, as shown in fig. 3;
5. taking the difference between the ordinate stress values of the curves in FIG. 3, we obtain ζ 1 -epsilon curve, which is known to have zero value in selected strain subintervals, and xi in the coordinate system 1 =0, then within the selected strain subinterval, line ζ 1 =0 and curve ζ 1 Epsilon coincides with the further increase of the strain, the two curves start to deviate, the starting deviation point is defined as the critical point of dynamic recrystallization of the sample, and the strain at this time is defined as the critical strain of dynamic recrystallization of the sample, as shown in fig. 4.
[ example 2 ]
In this example, the process for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of materials is as follows:
1. the sample material is selected from low-carbon microalloy steel, and the sample size isThe test sample is subjected to a single compression test by a thermal simulation tester, heated to 1200 ℃, kept at that temperature for 3 minutes, then cooled to a deformation temperature of 950 ℃, and at that temperature the strain rate of 0.1s -1 Performing compression deformation to obtain a stress-strain curve in the sample deformation process, and performing smoothing treatment on the curve to remove the influence of noise on the curve in the experiment, as shown in fig. 5;
2. taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress strain curve in the step 1, namely changing corresponding numerical values into positive values, and then redrawing the stress strain curve in an lgsigma-lgepsilon double logarithmic coordinate system, as shown in fig. 6;
3. in fig. 6, the linear segment partial interval is calibrated, the subinterval (0.030,0.110) is selected for linear regression, and the regression coefficient r=0.9993 is obtained, and the regression equation is:
lgσ 2 ＝2.12244+0.1252lgε (6)
4. calculating the stress value sigma by using the strain described in the step 2 as an independent variable and adopting a formula (6) 2 Comparing the calculated stress value with an experimental value, and drawing a curve corresponding to the experimental value and the calculated value in the same coordinate system, as shown in fig. 7;
5. the difference between the ordinate stress values of the curves in FIG. 7 is taken to obtain ζ 2 -epsilon curve, which is known to have zero value in selected strain subintervals, and xi in the coordinate system 2 =0, then within the selected strain subinterval, line ζ 2 =0 and curve ζ 2 Epsilon coincides with the further increase of the strain, the two curves start to deviate, the starting deviation point is defined as the critical point at which dynamic recrystallization occurs, and the strain at this time is defined as the critical strain at which dynamic recrystallization occurs, as shown in fig. 8.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining critical conditions for dynamic recrystallization of a material, comprising the steps of:
1) Carrying out a single compression experiment on the experimental material through a thermal simulation experiment to obtain a stress strain curve in the deformation process of the experimental material; smoothing the obtained stress-strain curve to remove the influence of noise on the experimental curve;
2) Taking absolute values of stress sigma and strain epsilon data corresponding to the stress-strain curve in the step 1), namely, taking positive values of the stress sigma and the strain epsilon; then redrawing a stress-strain curve in a sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system or in a lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system;
3) Calibrating the linear section part interval according to the shape characteristics of the stress-strain curve redrawn in the step 2), and selecting different subintervals to perform multiple linear regression; selecting a linear regression equation obtained from subintervals with a regression coefficient R more than or equal to 0.99, wherein the regression equation is expressed by the following formula:
σ 1 ＝A+Blgε (1)
lgσ 2 ＝A 1 +B 1 lgε (2)
in sigma 1 Is the stress value; lg sigma 2 Is the logarithm of the stress value; A. b, A 1 、B 1 Is a regression coefficient;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lg epsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (1), and if the subinterval is selected under the lg sigma-lg epsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (2);
4) Calculating the stress value sigma by using the strain epsilon in the step 2) as an independent variable and adopting the formula (1) or the formula (2) in the step 3) 1 Or the logarithm of stress value lgσ 2 Comparing the calculated stress value or logarithm of the stress value with the stress sigma or lgsigma of step 2) to obtain the following formula:
ξ 1 ＝σ 1 -σ (3)
ξ 2 ＝lgσ 2 -lgσ (4)
in xi 1 In order to obtain characteristic stress difference in sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, xi 2 Is the increment due to the difference of characteristic stress under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double logarithmic coordinate system;
if the subinterval is selected under the sigma-lgepsilon semi-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (3) to calculate xi 1 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 1 -epsilon curve; if the subinterval is selected under the lgsigma-lgepsilon double-logarithmic coordinate system, selecting the formula (4) to calculate xi 2 And draw xi under rectangular coordinate system 2 -epsilon curve;
5) For ζ obtained in step 4) 1 -epsilon curve or xi 2 Analysis of the epsilon curve reveals thatThe curve has a value of zero in the selected strain subinterval; when the strain exceeds the selected strain subinterval, the calculated value is larger than the experimental value as the strain increases to a certain value, and the value is the critical strain value of the material for dynamic recrystallization.
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| CN102519801A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for establishing aluminium alloy dynamic recrystallization model by using true stress-true strain curve |
| WO2014150342A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Cast component having corner radius to reduce recrystallization |
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| CN110702727A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for measuring static recrystallization volume fraction of material |
| CN110849801A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for determining critical stress of metal low-speed deformation recrystallization |
| CN111933221A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-13 | 东北大学 | Method for predicting dynamic recrystallization fraction of Nb microalloyed steel |
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Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102519801A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2012-06-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for establishing aluminium alloy dynamic recrystallization model by using true stress-true strain curve |
| WO2014150342A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Cast component having corner radius to reduce recrystallization |
| CN109255175A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-22 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of recrystallization control method based on critical recrystallization residual stress |
| CN109444039A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-08 | 首钢集团有限公司 | The method for predicting that dynamic recrystallization critical reduction occurs when controlled hot rolling of micro-alloyed steel |
| CN110702727A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-17 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for measuring static recrystallization volume fraction of material |
| CN110849801A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-28 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for determining critical stress of metal low-speed deformation recrystallization |
| CN111933221A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-11-13 | 东北大学 | Method for predicting dynamic recrystallization fraction of Nb microalloyed steel |
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