CN113702190B - Method for determining change of elasticity modulus and expansion rate of grouting material along with time - Google Patents
Method for determining change of elasticity modulus and expansion rate of grouting material along with time Download PDFInfo
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- CN113702190B CN113702190B CN202111263695.9A CN202111263695A CN113702190B CN 113702190 B CN113702190 B CN 113702190B CN 202111263695 A CN202111263695 A CN 202111263695A CN 113702190 B CN113702190 B CN 113702190B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/383—Concrete, cement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the change of the elasticity modulus and the expansion rate of grouting material along time.A steel pipe with the same diameter and two different thicknesses is annularly adhered with a strain gauge along the outer side of the steel pipe by measuring and calculating the annular strain of the steel pipe, and the steel pipe is placed on a bottom plate; connecting the strain gauges of the two steel pipes to a strain gauge; filling the steel pipe with the grouting material stirred by water; covering the tops of the two steel pipes with a top plate; starting strain continuous acquisition; and the expansion rate and the corresponding elastic modulus of the grouting material in the measurement time can be calculated through the strain values of the steel pipes with two thicknesses at the same time. The invention researches the expansion performance of the micro-expansion grouting material, can determine the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material in different ages by only measuring the circumferential strain of the steel pipe, has simple operation and accurate measurement, accurately masters the change of the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material along with time through calculation, solves the problem of prestressed tendon fracture caused by expansion, is economical and applicable, and is worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete structures in civil engineering, in particular to a method for determining changes of the elasticity modulus and the expansion rate of grouting materials along with time.
Background
The prestressed tendon with the bonded prestressed concrete structure is arranged in the corrugated pipe, and the prestressed tendon is filled with the micro-expansion grouting material after being tensioned, so that on one hand, no gap is ensured in the corrugated pipe, and the corrosion resistance of the prestressed tendon is ensured, and on the other hand, the grouting material has certain strength and elastic modulus, and the prestressed tendon and the peripheral concrete are bonded into a whole, so that the prestressed tendon has better stress performance.
The grout is required to have micro-expansion so that the grout is completely filled in the corrugated pipe without generating cracks and voids due to shrinkage. Therefore, the expansion rate of the grout needs to be measured during the process. The expansion rate of the grouting material is measured in a free state, for example, the grouting material is made into a small test piece to measure the expansion rate, in the actual engineering, the grouting material is poured into a corrugated pipe, the hydration and hardening processes of the grouting material are restrained by the corrugated pipe and surrounding concrete, the elastic modulus of the micro-expansion grouting material is increased along with time in the expansion process, the expansion rate is too high to cause the expansion crack of the concrete, the expansion rate is too low to finally form the contraction crack due to the contractibility of the cement in the grouting material, the actual expansion rate of the grouting material under the restraint condition is measured, the elastic modulus change in the expansion process is measured, and the method is a basis for researching the action of the grouting material on the surrounding concrete and the action of the prestressed tendons in the hardening process. For example, after a certain engineering prestressed tendon is tensioned, the un-grouted prestressed tendon is normal, and a certain proportion of prestressed tendons are broken after 2 days to 30 days after grouting, and according to engineering field analysis, one of the main reasons for the breakage is the expansion effect of the micro-expansion grouting material.
Therefore, how to accurately measure the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the micro-expansion grouting material in different ages is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention researches the expansion performance of the micro-expansion grouting material, aims to provide a method for determining the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material to change along with time through the circumferential strain of a steel pipe, is simple to operate, accurately measures the expansion rate and the elastic modulus of the micro-expansion grouting material in different ages, and solves the problem of prestressed tendon fracture.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized as follows:
the invention firstly provides a method for determining the change of the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of a grouting material along with time, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking two steel pipes with different specifications, wherein the thickness of the No. 1 pipe
Thickness of 2# tube
All radii are
；
Secondly, uniformly sticking a plurality of strain gauges on the outer walls of the two steel pipes;
thirdly, placing the steel pipe on a bottom plate, and sealing a gap between the steel pipe and the bottom plate;
fourthly, connecting the strain gauges of the two steel pipes to a strain gauge;
fifthly, simultaneously pouring the same grouting material into the two steel pipes and filling the two steel pipes with the grouting material;
sixthly, covering the tops of the two steel pipes by using a top plate, and sealing gaps between the steel pipes and the top plate;
seventhly, performing strain measurement, and measuring strain values of two steel pipes of different ages;
step eight, calculating the elastic modulus of the grouting material of each age t according to the following formula
And expansion ratio
：
In the formula:
、
respectively taking the annular strain of 1# and 2# pipe age t, and taking the average value of the corresponding measured strain values;
、
the thicknesses of the 1# and 2# tubes are respectively,
is the modulus of elasticity of the steel pipe,
is the radius of the steel tube.
Optionally, in the first step, the radius of the steel tube
Taking the material with the length of 50mm as 1-1.5 times of the diameter.
Optionally, in the second step, strain gauges are attached to half of the height of the steel pipe along the circumferential direction, and 2-4 strain gauges are attached to the steel pipe uniformly in one circle.
Optionally, in the seventh step, when performing strain measurement, at the same time, the strain of each steel pipe is an average value of the plurality of strain gauges.
Optionally, in the seventh step, the age is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 60 days.
Optionally, in the eighth step,
and
the method is derived as follows:
the thickness of the steel pipe can not be distinguished for the moment, and the two specifications are uniformly obtained
：
Constitutive relation:
，
（1）
balance relation:
（2）
deformation coordination relationship:
（3）
in the formula:
the elastic strain is the free expansion elastic strain of the grouting material and is used for representing the expansion rate of the grouting material;
、
the elastic strain and the constraint stress of the grouting material caused by the outer sleeve steel pipe are constrained;
、
strain and stress of the outer sleeve steel pipe caused by grouting material;
、
the elastic modulus of the steel pipe and the grouting material;
formula (1) is substituted for formula (2) to obtain:
（4）
is deformed to obtain
Is substituted by formula (3)
；
Taking into account the modulus of elasticity of the grouting material
Free expansion elastic strain
Steel pipe strain
And grouting material constraint elastic strain
Is a function of time, plus a function of time
Considering two specifications of steel pipes, we obtain:
the strain of the No. 1 steel pipe is:
（5）
strain of No. 2 steel pipe:
（6）
the joint type (5) and (6) are obtained:
the relation of the elastic modulus of the grouting material with time is as follows:
the relationship of the expansion rate of the grouting material along with time is as follows:
。
the invention also provides equipment used for the method, which comprises a steel pipe, a bottom plate, a top plate, a strain gauge, a lead and a strain gauge, wherein: the steel pipe is placed on the bottom plate, the top of the steel pipe covers the top plate, and gaps between the steel pipe and the bottom plate and between the steel pipe and the top plate are sealed; a plurality of strain gauges are uniformly stuck on the outer wall of the steel pipe and connected to a strain gauge through the lead; and (5) pouring grouting material into the steel pipe and filling the steel pipe with the grouting material.
Optionally, the number of the steel pipes is two, the two steel pipes have different specifications and are respectively provided with the thickness of
And
all radii are
The length is 1 to 1.5 times of the diameter.
Optionally, the gaps between the steel pipe and the bottom plate and between the steel pipe and the top plate are sealed by using adhesive tapes.
Optionally, the strain gauge is attached to a position of a half of the height of the steel pipe along the circumferential direction, and 2-4 strain gauges are uniformly attached to the steel pipe in a circle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention researches the expansion performance of the micro-expansion grouting material and provides a method for determining the change of the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material along with time. The method can also be used for experimental research of the expansion rate of the concrete material by the expanding agent.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, shall fall within the scope covered by the technical contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the structure of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consists of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method if desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, device, process, or method that comprises the element.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
It will be further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, refer to an orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device, component, or structure must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, or be operated in a particular manner, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to preferred embodiments.
In practical engineering, the grouting material is poured into the corrugated pipe, is restrained by the corrugated pipe and surrounding concrete in the hydration and hardening processes of the grouting material, and has elastic strain of free expansion
In fact the elastic strain of the grouting material caused by the jacket steel pipe
Strain of outer sleeve steel pipe caused by grouting material
And (3) sum, namely that a deformation coordination relationship exists:
based on the principle that the elastic modulus of the micro-expansion grouting material is increased along with the time in the expansion process, the invention designs a method for determining the change of the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material along with the time through the circumferential strain of the steel pipe.
As shown in figures 1-3, a short steel pipe 1 is taken, and the diameter 2 of the steel pipe 1
The length of the grouting material can be about 100mm and is 1-1.5 times of the diameter, so that the influence of the end part is eliminated, and the grouting material can deform freely in the vertical direction. The method is characterized in that a strain gage 4 is attached to the position, about half of the height of a steel pipe 1, of the steel pipe in the circumferential direction, the stress of the middle section of the steel pipe is relatively uniform so as to reduce measurement errors, 2-4 strain gages are uniformly attached to the middle section of the steel pipe in one circle, the number of the strain gages is preferably 4, the strain gage 4 is connected to a strain gauge 6 through a lead 5, and the average value of 4 strain values can be obtained when the strain is measured. There are bottom plate 2, roof 3 at 1 both ends of steel pipe, adopt the sticky tape sealed between bottom plate 2, roof 3 and the steel pipe 1, prevent mainly that grouting material from outflowing, prevent the moisture loss. At least 2 steel pipes with different specifications and thicknesses
And
. And (3) pouring the same stirred grouting material 7 into the two steel pipes and filling.
The calculation formula is derived below, the two specifications of the steel pipe thickness are not distinguished, and the steel pipe thickness is obtained first
：
Constitutive relation:
，
（1）
balance relation:
（2）
deformation coordination relationship:
（3）
in the formula:
the elastic strain is the free expansion elastic strain of the grouting material and is used for representing the expansion rate of the grouting material;
、
the elastic strain and the constraint stress of the grouting material caused by the outer sleeve steel pipe are constrained;
、
strain and stress of the outer sleeve steel pipe caused by grouting material;
、
the elastic modulus of the steel pipe and the grouting material.
When the formula (1) is substituted, the formula (2) is as follows:
is deformed to obtain
Is substituted by formula (3)
。
Taking into account the modulus of elasticity of the grouting material
Free-expanding elastic strain (expansion ratio)
Steel pipe strain
And grouting material constraint elastic strain
Is a function of time, plus a function of time
Considering two specifications of steel pipes, we obtain:
the steel pipe 2, strain:
（6）
the joint type (5) and (6) are obtained:
the relation of the elastic modulus of the grouting material with time is as follows:
（7）
the relationship of the expansion rate of the grouting material along with time is as follows:
（8）。
based on the above work, the test method of the present invention is as follows:
the test is carried out in a constant temperature and humidity environment, such as a temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and a relative humidity (50-70) +/-10%.
Firstly, taking two steel pipes with different specifications, wherein the thickness of the No. 1 pipe
Thickness of 2# tube
All radii are
；
Secondly, uniformly sticking a plurality of strain gauges on the outer walls of the two steel pipes;
thirdly, placing the steel pipe on a bottom plate, and sealing a gap between the steel pipe and the bottom plate;
fourthly, connecting the strain gauges of the two steel pipes to a dynamic strain gauge;
fifthly, simultaneously pouring the same grouting material into the two steel pipes and filling the two steel pipes with the grouting material;
sixthly, covering the tops of the two steel pipes by using a top plate, and sealing gaps between the steel pipes and the top plate;
seventhly, strain measurement is carried out, strain of each device is measured by taking an average value of 4 strain gauges at the same time, and strain values of two steel pipes in different ages can be measured, wherein the ages can be 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days and 60 days;
the eighth step, calculating the elastic modulus of the grouting material of each age according to the formulas (7) and (8)
And expansion ratio
；
And (6) completing the test.
Calculation example:
in a project, the modulus of elasticity of the grouting material is measured
And expansion ratio
(free expansion Strain) modulus of elasticity of Using Steel pipe
1# Steel pipe
，
2# Steel pipe
，
Measured at 3 days of age
，
。
The elastic modulus of the grouting material can be obtained according to two strains and the formula (7):
will be provided with
Substituting equation (8) yields:
therefore, the elastic modulus and the expansion rate (free expansion strain) of the grouting material can be directly calculated through test monitoring data, the method is feasible and applicable, and no effective method for simultaneously measuring the elastic modulus and the expansion rate of the grouting material exists in the prior art. The method can also be used for experimental research of the expansion rate of the concrete material by the expanding agent.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described preferred embodiments may be freely combined, superimposed, without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining changes of an elastic modulus and an expansion rate of a grouting material along with time is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, taking two steel pipes (1) with different specifications, wherein the thickness of the No. 1 pipe
Thickness of 2# tube
All radii are
；
Secondly, uniformly sticking a plurality of strain gauges (4) on the outer walls of the two steel pipes (1);
thirdly, placing the steel pipe (1) on the bottom plate (2), and sealing a gap between the steel pipe (1) and the bottom plate (2);
fourthly, connecting the strain gauges (4) of the two steel pipes (1) to a strain gauge (6);
fifthly, simultaneously pouring the same grouting material (7) into the two steel pipes (1) and filling the two steel pipes with the grouting material;
sixthly, covering the tops of the two steel pipes (1) by using a top plate (3), and sealing the gap between the steel pipes (1) and the top plate (3);
seventhly, performing strain measurement, and measuring strain values of two steel pipes of different ages;
step eight, calculating the elastic modulus of the grouting material of each age t according to the following formula
And expansion ratio
：
In the formula:
、
respectively taking the annular strain of 1# and 2# pipe age t, and taking the average value of the corresponding measured strain values;
、
the thicknesses of the 1# and 2# tubes are respectively,
is the modulus of elasticity of the steel pipe,
is the radius of the steel tube.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the first step, the radius of the steel pipe (1)
Taking the material with the length of 50mm as 1-1.5 times of the diameter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the second step, the half position of steel pipe (1) height pastes foil gage (4) along circumference, and 2~4 are evenly pasted in a week.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and in the seventh step, when strain measurement is carried out, the average value of the strain of each steel pipe (1) is taken as the average value of a plurality of strain gauges (4).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the seventh step, the age is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 60 days.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
in the eighth step, the first step is carried out,
and
the method is derived as follows:
the thickness of the steel pipe can not be distinguished for the moment, and the two specifications are uniformly obtained
：
Constitutive relation:
，
（1）
balance relation:
（2）
deformation coordination relationship:
（3）
in the formula:
the elastic strain is the free expansion elastic strain of the grouting material and is used for representing the expansion rate of the grouting material;
、
the elastic strain and the constraint stress of the grouting material caused by the outer sleeve steel pipe are constrained;
、
strain and stress of the outer sleeve steel pipe caused by grouting material;
、
the elastic modulus of the steel pipe and the grouting material;
formula (1) is substituted for formula (2)
（4）
Is deformed to obtain
Is substituted by formula (3)
；
Taking into account the modulus of elasticity of the grouting material
Free expansion elastic strain
Steel pipe strain
And grouting material constraint elastic strain
Is a function of time, plus a function of time
Considering two specifications of steel pipes, we obtain:
the strain of the No. 1 steel pipe is:
（5）
strain of No. 2 steel pipe:
（6）
the joint type (5) and (6) are obtained:
the relation of the elastic modulus of the grouting material with time is as follows:
the relationship of the expansion rate of the grouting material along with time is as follows:
。
7. the method of claim 1, wherein:
the strain gauge (4) is connected to a strain gauge (6) through a lead (5).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
and gaps among the steel pipe (1), the bottom plate (2) and the top plate (3) are sealed by using adhesive tapes.
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