CN113699611B - Intelligent urine-proof fibrous sensor and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent urine-proof fibrous sensor and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113699611B CN113699611B CN202110996828.7A CN202110996828A CN113699611B CN 113699611 B CN113699611 B CN 113699611B CN 202110996828 A CN202110996828 A CN 202110996828A CN 113699611 B CN113699611 B CN 113699611B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
Abstract
The invention relates to a fibrous sensor for intelligent diaper and preparation and application thereof, the method comprises the steps of firstly uniformly mixing homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and carbon material subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water, and then carrying out freeze drying to obtain a compound; and preparing the prepared composite into spinning solution for dry-wet spinning to obtain composite fiber, namely the fibrous sensor. The fiber sensor is connected into a circuit, and is immersed into urine for testing, and the test result is as follows: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0The current through the fiber sensor after immersion is I, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% is 1 x 10 or more within 1 second3% of the total weight of the composition. When the fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the fibrous sensor is placed in the outer non-woven fabric layer. The fiber sensor is very suitable for being arranged in a diaper due to the special flexibility of the fiber, and can be repeatedly used.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of diapers, and relates to a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers and preparation and application thereof.
Background
With the aging of population, the problem of old age becomes very serious, and in the face of the serious aging problem, the nation has started a birth control policy to relieve the problem of old age, and the diaper is widely applied in the market as a necessary daily article for infants or aged people with incontinence and urine (CN 109124885A). Diapers, also known as diapers, paper diapers and diapers, are worn on or under the body of a person to prevent the person from urinating or defecating. The diapers in the market all use water-absorbing materials with strong water absorption capacity which can be up to 50 times of the self weight (such as CN110575317A and CN 205814543U). However, the diaper often has only a water absorbing function, and not only can cause discomfort when being wetted by urine and contacting human skin for a long time, but also can cause skin diseases such as eczema (for example, CN112190399A, CN107802409A, CN107049611A and descriptions in Battery-less smart dispenser base on nfc technology, Diagnosis and management of dispenser chemistry in with lotion on microbiota in the dispenser area, etc.). Therefore, it is necessary to detect the wetting of the diaper in a timely manner.
At present, the wetting condition of the diaper is mainly judged through external color change, but the shielding of clothes is not beneficial to observation of a guardian, and methods such as judgment, timing viewing and the like are carried out according to experience, but the phenomenon that the diaper is still usable due to the fact that the diaper is forgotten to be replaced or no urine is found after replacement is easily caused is very inconvenient for the guardian.
In recent years, intelligent diapers capable of detecting the wetting condition of the diapers have also appeared, and the intelligent diapers mainly consist of a diaper material and a detection device (such as CN112426275A, CN211023530U and CN 110575317A). The diaper material mainly comprises a hydrophilic layer, an inner non-woven fabric layer, an absorption layer, an outer non-woven fabric layer and a waterproof layer, the detector mainly comprises a plurality of commercialized liquid sensors, signal transmitters and the like, the liquid sensors, the signal transmitters and the like are wrapped in the diaper to detect urine, the signal transmitters transmit information received by the sensing elements to an external smart phone APP and the like, and therefore detection of a guardian on the wet state of the diaper is achieved.
The ideal intelligent diaper internal testing device can be popularized and used only by the following characteristics: (1) the existence of the detection device does not influence the user experience and has no foreign body sensation; (2) the sensing performance is not influenced by the deformation caused by the turning of the body; (3) the price is reasonable; (4) the use is sanitary and convenient. However, the current intelligent urine-retention use has more problems, such as: the sensing element is often made of a semiconductor material, the device has no flexibility and stretchability, is embedded in the diaper, often brings uncomfortable user experience, aggravates foreign body sensation, has a slipping phenomenon, and is relatively high in cost (such as CN110507481A and CN 109124885A). And the internal sensing device is often disposable, thus causing a large amount of electronic waste and environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of increased cost and foreign body sensation of the intelligent diaper caused by the existence of metal materials and inorganic semiconductor materials which are often adopted by the existing intelligent diaper sensor, the invention provides a fibrous sensor for the intelligent diaper and preparation and application thereof. Fiber sensors endowed with special functions are extensively used in the research of wearable devices due to the unique flexibility of fibers. The fiber sensor is used, so that on one hand, the use of metal materials and inorganic materials is avoided, and the condition of slipping of the device is prevented; on the other hand, the fiber sensor is flexible and easy to deform, is perfectly combined with the diaper, and has no foreign body sensation. Therefore, the sensing device which is flexible, can quickly detect the wetting condition and is convenient to use has very important significance when being used for intelligent diapers.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of an intelligent urine-proof fibrous sensor, which is prepared by composite spinning of bacterial cellulose nanofibers and carbon materials (including carbon nanotubes and graphene);
the invention also aims to provide a fiber sensor for intelligent urine retention, which can be straight fibers or ultra-drawn spiral fibers;
the invention also aims to embed the fiber-shaped sensor for the intelligent diaper into the diaper, and the fiber-shaped sensor is connected with a reminding alarm device on the outer side of the diaper to obtain the intelligent diaper.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a method of making a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and the carbon material subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water (the concentration of the mixture is 1-10 mg/mL), and freeze-drying to obtain a compound;
the carbon material is carbon nano tube or graphene;
in the composite, the mass of the carbon material is 1-50 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
the ultrasonic dispersion is to ensure that the bacterial cellulose nano-fiber and the carbon material are not mixed uniformly and agglomerated; the carbon material is easy to agglomerate, and is dispersed by adopting an ultrasonic dispersion method, and the bacterial cellulose nanofibers can be well dispersed by homogenization without ultrasonically dispersing the fibers;
the freeze drying is carried out at-60 ℃ for 12-48 hours, so that the obtained compound is fluffy and porous, and the dissolving process is facilitated;
(2) preparing the composite prepared in the step (1) into spinning solution (the carbon material is easy to agglomerate and directly dissolves to cause that the carbon material cannot be uniformly dispersed in the spinning solution, the spinning continuity is influenced, and the mechanical property of the spun fiber is reduced due to uneven dispersion of the carbon material) to carry out dry-wet spinning to obtain composite fiber, namely a fibrous sensor;
the composite fiber is of a linear or spiral structure along the axial direction of the fiber, and the diameter of the composite fiber is 50-300 mu m.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the preparation method of the intelligent diaper fibrous sensor, the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber has the length of 2-30 mu m and the diameter of 20-80 nm.
According to the preparation method of the intelligent diaper fibrous sensor, the length of the carbon nano tube is 10-30 mu m, and the diameter of the carbon nano tube is 10-20 nm; the graphene is prepared by a physical method, the particle size is 5-15 mu m, and the specific surface area is 10-30 m2/g。
According to the preparation method of the fiber-shaped sensor for intelligent baby diapers, the preparation process of the spinning solution comprises the following steps: and (2) dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 2-6 wt%.
According to the preparation method of the intelligent diaper fibrous sensor, the process parameters of the dry-wet spinning method are as follows: the extrusion speed is 1-10 mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 0.3-1 mm, the air section distance is 1-10 cm, and the coagulating bath is DMAc and H2Mixed solution of O or water.
According to the preparation method of the intelligent fibrous sensor for the baby diapers, the spiral shape is that one end of the fiber directly prepared by dry-wet spinning is fixed at one end of the cylindrical winding rod of the motor, the other end of the fiber is wound on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor, and after the fiber is completely wound uniformly, the winding rod wound with the fiber is taken down; after the winding rod is air-dried, the winding rod is removed under the condition of keeping the shape and the structure of the fiber unchanged, and the spiral composite fiber is obtained;
the direct preparation refers to that the fiber prepared by dry-wet spinning is directly wound on a winding rod after being pulled out from a coagulating bath and passing through an air section of 0-50 cm.
The rotating speed of the motor is 1-108 r/min; the air drying temperature is 20-25 ℃, the air quantity is 0.25-1 m/s, and the time is 12-48 h;
according to the preparation method of the intelligent diaper fibrous sensor, the diameter of the winding rod is 0.7-2.1 cm.
The invention also provides the fibrous sensor prepared by the preparation method for the intelligent diaper fibrous sensor, when the fibrous sensor is in a linear structure, the breaking stress is 200-500 MPa, the strain range is 0-40%, and the resistance of the composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 102～1×108Omega; when the fiber-shaped sensor is in a spiral structure, the breaking stress is 100-300 MPa, the strain range is 0-2500%, and the resistance of the spiral composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 102～1×109Omega; the value of 0 means that the strain is 0 when the helical fiber maintains the original length without any stretching. The strain range refers to the range within which the fiber sensor can be strained.
The breaking stress and strain range were tested using an electronic universal material tester to record the breaking stress and maximum elongation of the spiral fiber, with a sensor of 1000N and a tensile rate of 100 mm/min.
The fiber sensor is connected into the circuit and is immersed into urine for testing, and the test result is as follows: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0The current through the fiber-shaped sensor after immersion is I, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% is 1 x 10 or more within 1 second3%, indicating excellent sensing performance. The change in current was recorded using the Shanghai Chenghua CHI 660E electrochemical workstation.
The invention also provides an intelligent diaper applying the fibrous sensor, which comprises a diaper body and a detection device, wherein the diaper body is sequentially superposed with a hydrophilic layer, an inner non-woven fabric layer, a water absorption layer, an outer non-woven fabric layer and a waterproof layer from top to bottom; the liquid sensor is the fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in the outer non-woven fabric layer (the fibrous sensor is arranged in the outer non-woven fabric layer, under the condition that the urine amount is very small, the water-absorbent resin directly absorbs the urine and cannot reach the outer non-woven fabric layer, so that the waste of the diaper is not caused).
The microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wet information, converting the urine wet information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the intelligent diaper of the invention senses urine through the current change of the fiber, and the current without urine is I0The current in the presence of urine is I, (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% may be 1 x 10 or more in 1 second3%, indicating excellent sensing performance, mainly because: firstly, for the fiber, bacterial cellulose nanofiber and carbon material (carbon nanotube, graphene) are used as raw materials, the bacterial cellulose nanofiber is hydrophilic and can adsorb water molecules and ions in water to the surface of the fiber, the carbon material adsorbs the molecules to increase the concentration of carriers in water, and an external electric field provided at two ends of the sensor promotes the water molecules and ions in water to continuously flow along the surface of the fiber to increase the current. Furthermore, in dry-wet spinning, after the fibers are drawn out of the coagulation bath, they are replaced in water to remove unreacted substances, and then air-dried in a fume hood, and as the moisture is unevenly evaporated, the fiber surface forms a ravine structure to increase the specific surface area of the fiber, and one of the important characteristics of the sensing material is that it has a high surface area, which allows water molecules and ions to rapidly diffuse in the material channel.
The water washability of the fiber sensor determines its reusability.
Advantageous effects
(1) According to the intelligent diaper containing the fiber sensor, the diaper can be timely detected by the reminding alarm device to remind a caregiver to replace the diaper, and the external reminding alarm device can be repeatedly used, so that skin diseases such as eczema and bacterial breeding caused by the fact that skin is in a humidity environment for a long time are avoided;
(2) the fiber sensor is very suitable for being arranged in a diaper due to the special flexibility of the fiber, and meanwhile, the ultra-stretched spiral fiber sensor has light weight, small volume (the mass of the fiber with the length of 1cm is between 0.1mg and 2 g), good flexibility and large deformability, so that the fiber sensor can be turned and deformed with a human body after being placed in the diaper for internal measurement, and the passing current is increased under the stimulation of liquid; when no liquid exists, the current is reduced, so that the liquid signal is converted into a visible LED brightness signal with an alarm function and/or a buzzer sound signal and/or a mobile phone message prompt, and the diaper is convenient to replace in time;
(3) the intelligent diaper reminds the microprocessor in the alarm device to have the charging port, so that the convenient charging and reusability of the intelligent diaper are ensured, and the cost is saved;
(4) the intelligent diaper containing the fiber sensor does not need to customize the diaper with a special structure, can be used only by placing the fiber in the diaper by a guardian, and is simple and convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent diaper; the diaper comprises a fiber sensor 1, a microcontroller 2, a battery assembly 3, a reminding alarm device and a diaper body 4, wherein the fiber sensor is connected with the microcontroller;
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve of the fiber sensor made in example 2B;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the rate of change of current produced by a fiber sensor made in example 2B after 100 successive cycles of immersion in a liquid;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the current change during immersion and extraction of the fiber sensor prepared in example 2B;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the spiral composite fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The diaper body adopted by the invention is purchased from commercially available and super-sold diapers, and the diaper body is sequentially overlapped with a hydrophilic layer, an inner non-woven fabric layer, a water absorbing layer, an outer non-woven fabric layer and a waterproof layer from top to bottom.
The battery, the microcontroller and the reminding alarm device adopted by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber adopted by the invention is prepared by bacterial culture in the laboratory, and the preparation process refers to the following steps: the diameter of the obtained circular Bacterial Cellulose membrane is 10-15 cm, the thickness is 1-5 cm, the water content is more than 90%, and the length of the Bacterial Cellulose nanofiber is 2-30 mu m, and the diameter is 20-80 nm;
the carbon nano tube adopted by the invention is purchased from Chengdu organic chemistry Limited company of Chinese academy of sciences, has the length of 10-30 mu m, the diameter of 10-20 nm and the model of TNEM 3;
the graphene adopted by the invention is purchased from Shandonglite nano Limited company, and is prepared by a physical method, the product number is LN-PG-1, the particle size is 5-15 mu m, and the specific surface area is 10-30 m2/g；
The structure of the spiral composite fiber prepared by the invention is schematically shown in figure 5.
Example 1A
A method of making a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and the carbon nano tube (TNEM3) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water (the concentration of the mixture is 1mg/mL), and freeze-drying to obtain a compound, wherein the mass of the carbon nano tube (TNEM3) in the compound is 1 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
(2) the preparation process of the spinning solution comprises the following steps: dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 2 wt%;
(3) carrying out dry-wet spinning on the spinning solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain composite fibers, namely fibrous sensors; wherein, the technological parameters of the dry-wet spinning are as follows: the extrusion speed is 1mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 0.3mm, the air section distance is 1cm, and the coagulating bath is DMAc and H with the volume ratio of 4:12And (3) mixed solution of O.
The composite fiber is entirely linear along the fiber axis, the diameter of the composite fiber is 50 μm, the breaking stress is 500MPa, the breaking strain (breaking strain means the maximum strain) is 10%, and the electrical resistance of the composite fiber 1cm long is 1X 108Ω。
The fibrous sensor (1cm long composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and tested by immersing it in urine, with the test results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-8A, the current passing through the fibrous sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 within 1 second9％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the structure of the intelligent diaper is shown in figure 1, and the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body 4 and a detection device, wherein the detection device consists of a liquid sensor, a reminding alarm device 3, a microcontroller and a battery assembly 2 (a small battery is attached to the rear of the microcontroller); the liquid sensor adopts the prepared fibrous sensor 1, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 2A
A method for preparing a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and the carbon nano tube (TNEM3) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water (the concentration of the mixture is 10mg/mL), and freeze-drying to obtain a compound, wherein the mass of the carbon nano tube (TNEM3) in the compound is 5 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
(2) the preparation process of the spinning solution comprises the following steps: dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 6 wt%;
(3) carrying out dry-wet spinning on the spinning solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain composite fibers, namely fibrous sensors; wherein, the technological parameters of the dry-wet spinning are as follows: the extrusion speed is 10mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 0.5mm, the air section distance is 5cm, and the coagulating bath is DMAc and H with the volume ratio of 1:22And (3) mixed solution of O.
The composite fiber is entirely linear along the axial direction of the fiber, the diameter of the composite fiber is 200 mu m, the breaking stress is 300MPa, the breaking strain is 30 percent, and the resistance of the composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 107Ω。
A fibrous sensor (1cm long composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and tested by dipping the fibrous sensor in urine, with the test results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-5A, the current passing through the fibrous sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second6％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor is a prepared fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 3A
A method of making a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and graphene (LN-PG-1) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water (the concentration of the mixture is 8mg/mL), and performing freeze drying to obtain a compound, wherein the mass of the graphene (LN-PG-1) in the compound is 25 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
(2) the preparation process of the spinning solution comprises the following steps: dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 4 wt%;
(3) carrying out dry-wet spinning on the spinning solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain composite fibers, namely fibrous sensors; wherein, the technological parameters of the dry-wet spinning are as follows: the extrusion speed is 6mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 0.5mm, the air section distance is 5cm, and the coagulating bath is water;
the composite fiber is in a straight line along the axial direction of the fiber, the diameter of the composite fiber is 150 mu m, the breaking stress is 300MPa, the breaking strain is 30 percent, and the resistance of the composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 106Ω。
The fibrous sensor (1cm long composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and tested by immersing it in urine, with the test results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-4A, current through the fiber sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second5％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor adopts the prepared fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in the outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 4A
A method of making a fibrous sensor for intelligent diapers, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and graphene (LN-PG-1) subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water (the concentration of the mixture is 6mg/mL), and freeze-drying to obtain a compound, wherein the mass of the graphene (LN-PG-1) in the compound is 50 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
(2) the preparation process of the spinning solution comprises the following steps: dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 5 wt%;
(3) carrying out dry-wet spinning on the spinning solution prepared in the step (2) to obtain composite fibers, namely fibrous sensors; wherein, the technological parameters of the dry-wet spinning are as follows: the extrusion speed is 8mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 1mm, the air section distance is 10cm, and the coagulating bath is DMAc and H with the volume ratio of 1:22And (3) mixed solution of O.
The composite fiber is linear along the axial direction of the fiber, the diameter of the composite fiber is 300 mu m, the breaking stress is 280MPa, the breaking strain is 20 percent, and the resistance of the composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 103Ω。
The fibrous sensor (1cm long composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and tested by immersing it in urine, with the test results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-3A, the current passing through the fibrous sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second4％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor is a prepared fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 1B
A method for preparing a fiber sensor for intelligent diaper winding is to wind the composite fiber directly prepared in the step (3) in the embodiment 1A, and the winding is specifically described as follows: firstly, fixing one end of composite fiber at one end of a cylindrical winding rod (the diameter is 0.7mm) of a motor, winding the other end of the composite fiber on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor (the rotating speed of the motor is 108r/min), and taking down the winding rod wound with the composite fiber after the composite fiber is completely and uniformly wound; after the winding rod of the composite fiber is air-dried (the air-drying temperature is 20 ℃, the air quantity is 0.25m/s, and the time is 12 hours), the winding rod is removed under the condition that the morphological structure of the composite fiber is not changed, and the spiral composite fiber, namely the fibrous sensor, is obtained; wherein the direct production means that the fiber produced by the dry-wet spinning is directly wound on a winding rod without staying after being drawn out from a coagulation bath.
The breaking stress of the spiral composite fiber is 300MPa, and the breaking strain is 500 percent; and the resistance of the 1cm long spiral composite fiber was 1X 109Ω。
A fibrous sensor (a spiral composite fiber 1cm long) was connected to the circuit and tested by immersing the fibrous sensor in urine, and the test results were: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-9A, current through the fiber sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second10％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor adopts a prepared spiral fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is in actual use, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wet information and converting the urine wet information into alarm information to be sent to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, wherein the charging port is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 2B
A method for preparing a fiber sensor for intelligent diaper winding is to wind the composite fiber directly prepared in the step (3) in the embodiment 2A, and the winding is specifically described as follows: firstly, fixing one end of composite fiber at one end of a cylindrical winding rod (the diameter is 1.2mm) of a motor, winding the other end of the composite fiber on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor (the rotating speed of the motor is 80r/min), and taking down the winding rod wound with the composite fiber after the composite fiber is completely wound uniformly; after the winding rod of the composite fiber is air-dried (the air-drying temperature is 22 ℃, the air quantity is 0.5m/s, and the time is 30 hours), the winding rod is removed under the condition that the morphological structure of the composite fiber is not changed, and the spiral composite fiber, namely the fibrous sensor, is obtained; wherein, the direct preparation means that the fiber prepared by the dry-wet spinning is directly wound on a winding rod after being pulled out from a coagulating bath and passing through an air section of 5 cm.
The breaking stress of the helical composite fiber is 160MPa, and the breaking strain is 1280% (as shown in FIG. 2); and the resistance of the 1cm long spiral composite fiber was 1X 108Ω。
The fiber sensor (spiral composite fiber with length of 1 cm) is connected into the circuit, and the fiber sensor is tested by being immersed in urine, as shown in fig. 4, the current change curve corresponding to the process of immersing and leaching liquid is shown, and the test result is as follows: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝5×10-5A, the current through the fiber sensor after immersion is I＝5×10-3A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 3.7 x 10 in 1 second4％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor adopts a prepared spiral fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
After the diaper is wetted by urine, the fibrous sensor can be directly taken out of the outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper and put into a new diaper for continuous use. The fiber sensor is placed in the diaper for ten times, the sensing performance is still excellent, if the fiber sensor is directly and repeatedly immersed in urine continuously, the fiber sensor can be immersed in the urine continuously and circularly for 100 times, the sensing performance is still good, and a test chart is shown in fig. 3.
Example 3B
A method for preparing a fiber sensor for intelligent diaper winding the composite fiber directly prepared in the step (3) in the embodiment 3A, wherein the winding is specifically described as follows: firstly, fixing one end of composite fiber at one end of a cylindrical winding rod (the diameter is 1.6mm) of a motor, winding the other end of the composite fiber on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor (the rotating speed of the motor is 50r/min), and taking down the winding rod wound with the composite fiber after the composite fiber is completely and uniformly wound; after the winding rod of the composite fiber is air-dried (the air-drying temperature is 23 ℃, the air quantity is 0.8m/s, and the time is 48 hours), the winding rod is removed under the condition that the morphological structure of the composite fiber is not changed, and the spiral composite fiber, namely the fibrous sensor, is obtained; wherein, the directly preparing means that the fiber prepared by dry-wet spinning is directly wound on a winding rod after being pulled out from a coagulating bath and passing through an air section of 30 cm.
The breaking stress of the spiral composite fiber is 150MPa, and the breaking strain is 1300%; and the electrical resistance of the 1cm long spiral composite fiber was 1X 107Ω。
The fiber sensor (1cm long spiral composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and immersed in urine for testing, with the following results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-5A, the current passing through the fibrous sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second6％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor adopts a prepared spiral fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Example 4B
A method for preparing a fiber sensor for intelligent diaper winding is to wind the composite fiber directly prepared in the step (3) in the embodiment 4A, and the winding is specifically described as follows: firstly, fixing one end of composite fiber at one end of a cylindrical winding rod (the diameter is 2.1mm) of a motor, winding the other end of the composite fiber on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor (the rotating speed of the motor is 1r/min), and taking down the winding rod wound with the composite fiber after the composite fiber is completely and uniformly wound; after the winding rod of the composite fiber is air-dried (the air-drying temperature is 25 ℃, the air quantity is 1m/s, and the time is 36h), the winding rod is removed under the condition that the morphological structure of the composite fiber is not changed, and the spiral composite fiber, namely the fibrous sensor, is obtained; wherein, the direct preparation means that the fiber prepared by the dry-wet spinning is directly wound on a winding rod after passing through an air section of 50cm after being pulled out from a coagulating bath.
The breaking stress of the spiral composite fiber is 100MPa, and the breaking strain is 2500%; and the resistance of the 1cm long spiral composite fiber was 1X 104Ω。
The fiber sensor (1cm long spiral composite fiber) was connected to the circuit and immersed in urine for testing, with the following results: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0＝1×10-3A, the current passing through the fibrous sensor after immersion is I1 × 10-1A, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% reaches 1 x 10 in 1 second4％。
The prepared fibrous sensor is applied to the intelligent diaper, the intelligent diaper comprises a diaper body and a detection device, and the detection device consists of a battery, a microcontroller, a liquid sensor and a reminding alarm device; the liquid sensor adopts a prepared spiral fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is arranged in an outer non-woven fabric layer of the diaper body. When the urine sensor is actually used, the microcontroller is used for receiving urine detected by the liquid sensor, converting the urine into urine wetting information, converting the urine wetting information into alarm information and sending the alarm information to a nursing person, and the microcontroller comprises a micro battery and a charging port, and is used for being connected with an external power supply to charge the battery, so that the microcontroller can be repeatedly used.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a fiber-shaped sensor for intelligent diaper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofiber and the carbon material subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in water, and freeze-drying to obtain a compound;
the carbon material is carbon nano tube or graphene;
in the composite, the mass of the carbon material is 1-50 wt% of that of the bacterial cellulose nanofiber;
(2) preparing the compound prepared in the step (1) into spinning solution for dry-wet spinning to obtain composite fibers, namely fibrous sensors;
the composite fiber is of a linear structure or a spiral structure along the axial direction of the fiber, and the diameter of the composite fiber is 50-300 mu m.
2. The method for preparing a fibrous sensor for intelligent baby diapers according to claim 1, wherein the homogenized bacterial cellulose nanofibers have a length of 2-30 μm and a diameter of 20-80 nm.
3. The method for preparing a fibrous sensor for intelligent baby diapers according to claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes have a length of 10 to 30 μm and a diameter of 10 to 20 nm; the graphene is prepared by a physical method, the particle size is 5-15 mu m, and the specific surface area is 10-30 m2/g。
4. The preparation method of the fiber sensor for intelligent baby diapers according to claim 1, wherein the spinning solution is prepared by the following steps: and (2) dissolving the compound prepared in the step (1) in a DMAc/LiCl solvent to obtain a uniform spinning solution, wherein the concentration of the spinning solution is 2-6 wt%.
5. The method for preparing the intelligent urinary incontinence fibrous sensor according to claim 1, wherein the process parameters of the dry-wet spinning method are as follows: the extrusion speed is 1-10 mL/min, the inner diameter of the syringe needle is 0.3-1 mm, the air section distance is 1-10 cm, and the coagulating bath is DMAc and H2Mixed solution of O or water.
6. The preparation method of the fibrous sensor for the intelligent baby diaper according to claim 1, wherein the spiral shape is that the fiber obtained by dry-wet spinning is pulled out from a coagulation bath, passes through an air section of 0-50 cm, one end of the fiber is fixed at one end of a cylindrical winding rod of a motor, the other end of the fiber is wound on the winding rod along with the rotation of the motor, and after the fiber is completely wound uniformly, the winding rod wound with the fiber is removed; after the winding rod is air-dried, the winding rod is removed while the shape and structure of the fiber are maintained, and the spiral composite fiber is obtained.
7. The method for preparing a fiber sensor for intelligent baby diapers according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the winding rod is 0.7-2.1 cm.
8. The fiber sensor manufactured by the method for manufacturing the fiber sensor for intelligent baby diapers according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the fiber-shaped sensor is in the linear structure, the fracture stress is 200-500 MPa, the strain range is 0-40%, and the resistance of the composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 102～1×108Omega; when the fiber-shaped sensor is in the spiral structure, the breaking stress is 100-300 MPa, the strain range is 0-2500%, and the resistance of the spiral composite fiber with the length of 1cm is 1 multiplied by 102～1×109Ω；
The fiber sensor is connected into the circuit and is immersed into urine for testing, and the test result is as follows: the current through the fiber sensor before immersion is I0The current through the fiber-shaped sensor after immersion is I, and (I-I)0)/I0The value of x 100% is 1 x 10 or more within 1 second3％。
9. The intelligent diaper applying the fibrous sensor according to claim 8, comprising a diaper body and a detection device, wherein the diaper body is sequentially laminated with a hydrophilic layer, an inner non-woven fabric layer, a water absorption layer, an outer non-woven fabric layer and a waterproof layer from top to bottom, and the detection device consists of a liquid sensor, a battery, a microcontroller and a reminding alarm device; the method is characterized in that: the liquid sensor is the fibrous sensor, and the fibrous sensor is placed in the urine-proof outer non-woven fabric layer.
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