CN113693058A - Method for manufacturing femoral head necrosis replacement plasticized specimen - Google Patents
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- CN113693058A CN113693058A CN202111020138.4A CN202111020138A CN113693058A CN 113693058 A CN113693058 A CN 113693058A CN 202111020138 A CN202111020138 A CN 202111020138A CN 113693058 A CN113693058 A CN 113693058A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement, which comprises the steps of performing antiseptic treatment on a human body specimen, then taking materials and dissecting, completely retaining femoral head, then performing bleaching, dehydration, degreasing and other treatments on the dissected specimen, then removing the femoral head on the left side of the specimen, installing a prosthesis femoral head, and opening the sagittal shape of the upper end of the femoral head, so that the position of the prosthesis femoral head in a medullary cavity can be conveniently and clearly displayed; the powerful magnet is arranged on the inner surface of the opened muscle tissue, and finally the plasticized specimen of the femoral head necrosis replacement is obtained through curing and trimming, so that the femoral head necrosis replacement is convenient to teach and learn, is non-toxic and odorless, and is convenient to store for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of plasticized specimens, in particular to a method for preparing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement.
Background
Femoral head necrosis is a common hip joint disease, in which the blood supply of the femoral head is interrupted or damaged, so that osteocytes and bone marrow components die and are subsequently repaired, and then the femoral head structure is changed, the femoral head is collapsed, and joint dysfunction is caused. The disease is more harmful, if the best treatment opportunity is missed, the affected limb can become limp, and even the affected limb paralysis can occur in serious patients, which brings serious influence to the life and work of the patients. The symptoms of patients with early stage femoral head necrosis can be relieved by means of medication, and the further worsening of the symptoms can be prevented, so that the patients can enter benign reversal recovery. If the disease condition of the patient has progressed to a severe stage or is accompanied by severe femoral head deformation, collapse and other conditions, the patient needs to consider adopting operation treatment to maximally reverse the disease condition development result. Total hip replacement may be considered if the diseased femoral head has already collapsed severely or other treatment is minimally effective. At present, the types of hip joint prostheses are more, and the types of the prostheses are selected according to individual conditions of patients.
No matter what kind of medical treatment all need be through continuous experiment, investigation and study, except from the study on the books, more importantly practices the operation, and the biological plastify technique can make the surface of sample keep original state, and is dry, tasteless, durable, can preserve for a long time, easily more audio-visual teaching and study. The manufacturing technology of the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement is not mature, the specific position for mounting the femoral head prosthesis cannot be clearly displayed, and observation and study are not convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement, which aims to provide a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen and enable the plasticized specimen to clearly show the specific position for mounting a femoral head prosthesis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement comprises the following steps:
s1: human body specimen treatment: performing antiseptic treatment, and then filling silica gel into femoral artery and femoral vein by intubation;
s2: material taking: the abdominal wall is cut in the sagittal direction of the navel horizontal direction, ligation and cutting are carried out at the sigmoid colon, the internal organs are pulled upwards, horizontal cutting is carried out at the twelfth lumbar intervertebral disc, and the two lower limbs of the complete pelvic cavity are reserved;
s3: and (3) dissection:
a) removing the skin and superficial fascia on the right side of the specimen obtained in the step S2, cleaning out pelvic adipose tissues, and keeping the organ in situ;
b) removing genital skin, and keeping external genitalia, spermatic cord, and testis;
c) cutting and lifting the starting ends of the sartorius muscle and the rectus femoris in front of the thigh, and keeping the muscle stop;
d) cutting and lifting the initial ends of the gluteus maximus, the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus at the back side of the thigh to open and lift the gluteus maximus, the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus tensor fascia latae and the iliotibial band;
e) cutting and lifting the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius muscles at the starting ends of the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius muscles;
f) cutting and lifting gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior teres, inferior teres and tendon in obturator foramen at greater trochanter of femur, reserving sciatic nerve, superior gluteal arterial venous nerve and inferior gluteal arterial venous nerve, displaying hip joint capsule, and cutting the hip joint capsule sagittal;
g) a part of skin and superficial fascia are reserved on the outer side of the thigh on the left side of the specimen, and the skin and the superficial fascia are removed at other positions;
h) making a vertical incision on the back and outer side of the thigh according to the posterolateral approach of a femoral head replacement common operation incision, incising the skin, the superficial fascia, the iliotibial band and the vastus lateralis to show the femur and the greater trochanter of the femur, and incising the joint capsule in a T shape to expose the femoral head;
s4: bleaching, dehydrating and degreasing, vacuum impregnation, characterization and repair are carried out on the specimen processed by the S3;
s5: installing the prosthetic femoral head: the femoral head was removed from the left side of the S4-treated specimen, the prosthetic femoral head was installed, and the upper end of the femur was opened sagittally.
S6: trimming: all open muscle tissues on the right side were fixed with strong magnets on the inner surface of the muscle, and then cured and trimmed.
More preferably, in S1, the specimen is perfused with 15-20% by volume of formalin, the formalin is infiltrated into each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally the treated specimen is soaked in 8-12% by volume of formalin for 3-4 months.
Further preferably, the treatment a) in S2 is performed to show the psoas major, the ilium muscle, the common iliac artery and vein, and the external iliac artery and vein; the abdomen shows the extraabdominal oblique muscles, the inguinal ligament.
Further preferably, the treatment of c) in S2 is performed to show femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, great saphenous vein and its branches, anterior cutaneous branch, saphenous nerve, rectus femoris, sartorius muscle, interfemoral muscle; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, tensor fasciae latae, iliotibial band, lateral femoral muscle are shown on the lateral thigh; the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, superior, middle, inferior cutaneous nerve, medial femoral muscle, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus are shown on the posterior thigh; the medial thigh display gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and crus; the foot portion may exhibit a shallow structure.
Further preferably, the treatment of c) in S2 is required to reveal deep structures, deep femoral artery, lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, deep branch of femoral vein.
Further preferably, the treatment of d) in S2 requires exposure of the vastus lateralis, gluteus medius, sciatic nerve, and arterioles.
Further preferably, the treatment of e) in S2 is required to reveal the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior minor, inferior minor, intra-obturator tendon, quadratus femoris, femur, greater trochanter of femur, superior gluteal venous nerve and inferior gluteal venous nerve.
Further preferably, the treatment of f) in S2 is performed to reveal the articular cavity, the femoral head and the femoral head ligament.
Further preferably, the treatment of g) in S2 is required to reveal superficial muscles, blood vessels and nerves.
Further preferably, the S6 is cured by using organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound steam, and the curing temperature is set to be 30-50 ℃.
Has the advantages that: the method prepares the plasticized specimen through the steps of specimen treatment, material taking, dissection, prosthesis installation, dehydration and degreasing, solidification and the like, can clearly display the position of the femoral head of the prosthesis in the marrow cavity, takes real organisms as the specimen, and is nontoxic and tasteless through plasticization, thereby being convenient for long-term storage; the real shape and structure can be integrated without change, the reality sense is strong, the observation of the specimen at the later stage is facilitated, the teaching of teachers and the study of students are facilitated, and more intuitive conditions are created for the study and the research of the femoral head necrosis replacement.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement comprises the following steps:
s1: human body specimen treatment: s1, filling the specimen with 15-20% by volume of formalin, infiltrating the formalin to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally soaking the treated specimen in 8-12% by volume of formalin for 3-4 months. Then, silica gel is infused in the femoral artery and the femoral vein through intubation so that the blood vessel can be displayed more clearly;
s2: material taking: the abdominal wall is cut in the sagittal direction of the navel horizontal direction, ligature and cut at the sigmoid colon, the internal organs are pulled upwards, and the horizontal cut is carried out at the twelfth thoracic vertebra intervertebral disc, and the complete pelvic cavity double lower limbs are reserved;
s3: and (3) dissection:
a) removing the skin and superficial fascia on the right side of the specimen obtained in the step S2, cleaning out pelvic adipose tissues, and reserving the in-situ position of the organ to display the psoas major, the ilium muscle, the common iliac artery and vein and the external iliac artery and vein; abdominal external oblique muscles, inguinal ligaments;
b) removing genital skin, and keeping external genitalia, spermatic cord, and testis;
c) so that the femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, great saphenous vein and its branches, anterior cutaneous branch, saphenous nerve, rectus femoris, sartorius muscle, and interfemoral muscle are shown in front of the thigh; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, tensor fasciae latae, iliotibial band, lateral femoral muscle are shown on the lateral thigh; the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, superior, middle, inferior cutaneous nerve, medial femoral muscle, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus are shown on the posterior thigh; the inner side of the thigh displays gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, crus and feet display shallow structures; cutting and lifting the starter of sartorius muscle and rectus femoris muscle in front of thigh, and displaying deep structure, deep femoral artery, lateral femoral artery, medial femoral artery and deep branch of femoral vein;
d) incising and lifting the initial ends of the gluteus maximus, the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus at the back side of the thigh to expose the vastus lateralis, the gluteus medius, the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus tensor fasciae and the iliotibial band, and exposing the vastus femoris, the gluteus medius, the sciatic nerve and the trans-artery;
e) incising and lifting the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius at the starting ends of the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius to show gluteus minimus, piriformis, inferior and superior minor muscles, tendon in obturator foramen, quadratus femoris, femur, greater trochanter of femur, superior and inferior gluteal arterial venous nerves;
f) cutting gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior teres, inferior teres and tendon in obturator foramen at greater trochanter of femur, reserving sciatic nerve, superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, displaying hip joint capsule, and cutting the hip joint capsule sagittal;
g) a part of skin and superficial fascia are remained on the outer side of the thigh on the left side of the specimen, and the skin and the superficial fascia are removed at other positions, so that superficial muscles, blood vessels and nerves are shown;
h) according to the posterior-lateral approach of femoral head replacement common operation incision, a vertical incision is made on the posterior lateral side of thigh, skin, superficial fascia, iliotibial band and external femoral muscles are incised, femur and femoral greater trochanter are shown, a joint capsule is incised in a T shape, femoral head is exposed, and the femoral head is convenient to remove and install prosthesis in later period;
s4: trimming the specimen processed by the S3 to be clean and tidy, and bleaching the specimen in hydrogen peroxide solution with the volume fraction of 8% for 2 days; then soaking the substrate in acetone for 50 days at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, wherein the initial volume fraction of the acetone solution is 70%, gradually increasing the volume fraction of the acetone solution to 96%, then continuing to soak the substrate in the acetone solution with the volume fraction of 96% for 2 weeks, and replacing the acetone solution every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process;
then placing the specimen subjected to dehydration and degreasing into silica gel in a vacuum pressure cabin for vacuum impregnation for 40 days, wherein the pressure is started from 0.08kPa, and the pressure is slowly regulated according to the amount of bubbles in the cabin until the pressure reaches 0.9 kPa; and finally, taking out the specimen, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar.
S5: installing the prosthetic femoral head: the femoral head is removed from the left side of the specimen processed in the S4, the prosthetic femoral head is installed, the upper end of the femur is opened in the sagittal direction, and the position of the prosthetic femoral head in the medullary cavity of the femur can be clearly shown.
S6: trimming: for all opened muscle tissues on the right side, a powerful magnet is arranged on the inner surface of the muscle, so that the observation structure and the position relation structure are conveniently disassembled; then, in a curing box at 30 ℃, organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound are utilized for steam curing; and finally, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the manufacture of the specimen.
Example 2: a method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement comprises the following steps:
s1: human body specimen treatment: s1, filling the specimen with 15-20% by volume of formalin, infiltrating the formalin to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally soaking the treated specimen in 8-12% by volume of formalin for 3-4 months; then, silica gel is infused in the femoral artery and the femoral vein through intubation so that the blood vessel can be displayed more clearly;
s2: material taking: the abdominal wall is cut in the sagittal direction of the navel horizontal direction, ligature and cut at the sigmoid colon, the internal organs are pulled upwards, and the horizontal cut is carried out at the twelfth thoracic vertebra intervertebral disc, and the complete pelvic cavity double lower limbs are reserved;
s3: and (3) dissection:
a) removing the skin and superficial fascia on the right side of the specimen obtained in the step S2, cleaning out pelvic adipose tissues, and reserving the in-situ position of the organ to display the psoas major, the ilium muscle, the common iliac artery and vein and the external iliac artery and vein; abdominal external oblique muscles, inguinal ligaments;
b) removing genital skin, and keeping external genitalia, spermatic cord, and testis;
c) so that the femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, great saphenous vein and its branches, anterior cutaneous branch, saphenous nerve, rectus femoris, sartorius muscle, and interfemoral muscle are shown in front of the thigh; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, tensor fasciae latae, iliotibial band, lateral femoral muscle are shown on the lateral thigh; the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, superior, middle, inferior cutaneous nerve, medial femoral muscle, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus are shown on the posterior thigh; the medial thigh display gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and crus; the foot part is only required to display a shallow structure; cutting and lifting the starter of sartorius muscle and rectus femoris muscle in front of thigh, and displaying deep structure, deep femoral artery, lateral femoral artery, medial femoral artery and deep branch of femoral vein;
d) at the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus inception ends on the back side of the thigh, incising and lifting: gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus tensor fascia latae, iliotibial band, exposing vastus lateralis, gluteus medius, sciatic nerve and arteriole;
e) incising and lifting the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius at the starting ends of the vastus lateralis and gluteus medius to show gluteus minimus, piriformis, inferior and superior minor muscles, tendon in obturator foramen, quadratus femoris, femur, greater trochanter of femur, superior and inferior gluteal arterial venous nerves;
f) cutting gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior teres, inferior teres and tendon in obturator foramen at greater trochanter of femur, reserving sciatic nerve, superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, displaying hip joint capsule, and cutting the hip joint capsule sagittal;
g) a part of skin and superficial fascia are remained on the outer side of the thigh on the left side of the specimen, and the skin and the superficial fascia are removed at other positions, so that superficial muscles, blood vessels and nerves are shown;
h) according to the posterior-lateral approach of femoral head replacement common operation incision, a vertical incision is made on the posterior lateral side of thigh, skin, superficial fascia, iliotibial band and external femoral muscles are incised, femur and femoral greater trochanter are shown, a joint capsule is incised in a T shape, femoral head is exposed, and the femoral head is convenient to remove and install prosthesis in later period;
s4: trimming the specimen processed by the S3 to be clean and tidy, and bleaching the specimen in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the volume fraction of 12% for 3 days; then soaking the mixture in acetone at-25 ℃ for 70 days, wherein the initial volume fraction of the acetone solution is 75%, gradually increasing the volume fraction of the acetone solution to 98%, then continuously soaking the mixture in the acetone solution with the volume fraction of 98% for 3 weeks, and replacing the acetone solution every two weeks in the dehydration and degreasing process;
then placing the specimen subjected to dehydration and degreasing into silica gel in a vacuum pressure cabin for vacuum impregnation for 50 days, wherein the pressure is started from 0.1kPa, and the pressure is slowly regulated according to the amount of bubbles in the cabin until the pressure reaches 1.1 kPa; and finally, taking out the specimen, and fixing the shape by using a steel bar.
S5: installing the prosthetic femoral head: the femoral head is removed from the left side of the specimen processed in the S4, the prosthetic femoral head is installed, the upper end of the femur is opened in the sagittal direction, and the position of the prosthetic femoral head in the medullary cavity of the femur can be clearly shown.
S6: trimming: for all opened muscle tissues on the right side, a powerful magnet is arranged on the inner surface of the muscle, so that the observation structure and the position relation structure are conveniently disassembled; then, in a curing box at 50 ℃, organic peroxide and aliphatic nitrogen compound are utilized for steam curing; and finally, repairing the excess silica gel on the specimen to be clean and tidy, and finishing the manufacture of the specimen.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for manufacturing a plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: human body specimen treatment: performing antiseptic treatment, and then filling silica gel into femoral artery and femoral vein by intubation;
s2: material taking: the abdominal wall is cut in the sagittal direction of the navel horizontal direction, ligature and cut at the sigmoid colon, the internal organs are pulled upwards, and the horizontal cut is carried out at the twelfth thoracic vertebra intervertebral disc, and the complete pelvic cavity double lower limbs are reserved;
s3: and (3) dissection:
a) removing the skin and superficial fascia on the right side of the specimen obtained in the step S2, cleaning out pelvic adipose tissues, and keeping the organ in situ;
b) removing genital skin, and keeping external genitalia, spermatic cord, and testis;
c) cutting and lifting the starting ends of the sartorius muscle and the rectus femoris in front of the thigh, and keeping the muscle stop;
d) at the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus inception ends on the back side of the thigh, incising and lifting: gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus tensor fascia latae, iliotibial band;
e) incising the lateral femoris and gluteus medius at their starting ends;
f) cutting gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior teres, inferior teres and tendon in obturator foramen at greater trochanter of femur, reserving sciatic nerve, superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, displaying hip joint capsule, and cutting the hip joint capsule sagittal;
g) a part of skin and superficial fascia are reserved on the outer side of the thigh on the left side of the specimen, and the skin and the superficial fascia are removed at other positions;
h) making a vertical incision on the back and outer side of the thigh according to the posterolateral approach of a femoral head replacement common operation incision, incising the skin, the superficial fascia, the iliotibial band and the vastus lateralis to show the femur and the greater trochanter of the femur, and incising the joint capsule in a T shape to expose the femoral head;
s4: bleaching, dehydrating and degreasing, vacuum impregnation, characterization and repair are carried out on the specimen processed by the S3;
s5: installing the prosthetic femoral head: the femoral head was removed from the left side of the S4-treated specimen, the prosthetic femoral head was installed, and the upper end of the femur was opened sagittally.
S6: trimming: all open muscle tissues on the right side were fixed with strong magnets on the inner surface of the muscle, and then cured and trimmed.
2. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: s1, filling the specimen with 15-20% by volume of formalin, infiltrating the formalin to each part of the specimen through a large blood vessel, and finally soaking the treated specimen in 8-12% by volume of formalin for 3-4 months.
3. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment a) in S2 needs to show the psoas major, the ilium general artery and vein and the external iliac artery and vein; the abdomen shows the extraabdominal oblique muscles, the inguinal ligament.
4. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment of c) in S2 requires visualization of femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral nerve, great saphenous vein and its branches, anterior cutaneous branch, saphenous nerve, rectus femoris, sartorius muscle, interfemoral muscle; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, tensor fasciae latae, iliotibial band, lateral femoral muscle are shown on the lateral thigh; the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, superior, middle, inferior cutaneous nerve, medial femoral muscle, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus are shown on the posterior thigh; the inner thigh is characterized by showing the thin thigh muscle, the long adductor muscle, the short adductor muscle, the large adductor muscle, the shank and the foot as superficial structures.
5. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment of c) in S2 is required to reveal deep structures, deep femoral artery, lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, deep branch of femoral vein.
6. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment of d) in S2 requires exposure of the vastus lateralis, gluteus medius, sciatic nerve, and arterioles.
7. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment of e) in S2 is required to reveal the gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior deciduous, inferior deciduous, tendon in obturator foramen, quadratus femoris, femur, greater trochanter femoris, superior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and inferior gluteal artery, vein nerve.
8. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: the treatment of f) in S2 is required to reveal the articular cavity, the femoral head and the femoral head ligament.
9. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: g) in S2 is required to reveal superficial muscles, blood vessels and nerves.
10. The method for preparing the plasticized specimen for femoral head necrosis replacement of claim 1, wherein: and (S6) curing by using organic peroxide or aliphatic nitrogen compound steam, wherein the curing temperature is set to be 30-50 ℃.
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