CN113690598B - Biomedical telemetering implanted high-gain antenna based on near-zero refractive index metamaterial - Google Patents
Biomedical telemetering implanted high-gain antenna based on near-zero refractive index metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomedical telemetering and implanting type high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial, and belongs to the technical field of biomedical telemetering and implanting type antennas. The antenna comprises an antenna radiation unit, a lower-layer dielectric substrate, a metal floor, a metamaterial structure, a coaxial connector, two short-circuit pins and an upper-layer dielectric substrate. The antenna of the invention solves the disadvantage of lower gain of a common implanted antenna, and can keep other indexes of the biomedical telemetering implanted antenna technology basically unchanged. The antenna works in a 2.45GHz (ISM) frequency band, has the advantages of miniaturization, low profile, high gain, biocompatibility and the like, and aims to solve the problem of low gain of the conventional implanted antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical telemetering and implanting antennas, and particularly relates to a biomedical telemetering and implanting high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial.
Background
Nowadays, china has stepped into an aging society, the demand for high-quality medical care business is increasing day by day, and wireless biological medical treatment becomes the main trend of current and future medical development due to the convenience. The wireless biomedical equipment plays an important role in health monitoring, medical diagnosis, disease treatment and repair and the like, replaces uncomfortable feeling caused by wired connection with a human implant, and can obtain beneficial information for diagnosis and subsequent treatment. The implantable antenna is critical to establishing a wireless link between the implanted device and an external device, and intra-body communication has a number of advantages, including telemetry, access to appropriate medical records, and tracking of the patient using the implanted device. In biomedical telemetry, data transmission allows a certain distance between an implanted device and a receiver, and the implanted antenna is subjected to high-strength coupling of a lossy medium due to a complex working environment, which poses challenges on the performances of miniaturization, biocompatibility, safety, high gain and the like of the implanted antenna.
The metamaterial is an artificial synthetic structure with extraordinary physical properties which natural media do not have, and when electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the artificial electromagnetic material, the transmission path of the electromagnetic waves is changed, so that the electromagnetic waves can be regulated and controlled by utilizing the characteristics. The electromagnetic property of the material is mainly reflected in dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, and for isotropic materials, the calculation of refractive index is expressed as
It is apparent that the refractive index of the material is near zero when at least one of the relative permittivity and the relative permeability approaches zero. According to the generalized fresnel formula, the exit angle is zero degree no matter how large the incident angle is, i.e. the electromagnetic wave propagation direction is perpendicular to the exit surface when the electromagnetic wave transmits out of the artificial material. The novel characteristic of the zero-refractive-index metamaterial has great advantages in antenna electric wave regulation and control, and has wide application prospects.
The prior art adopts the form of introducing an external structure, and adopts the combination of a printed grid surface and a hemispherical glass lens, so that the gain of the antenna is increased. The inclusion of these external structures, however, limits the implantation of the entire antenna system within the patient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the biomedical telemetering implanted high-gain antenna based on the near-zero refractive index metamaterial, so that the gain of the biomedical telemetering implanted high-gain antenna is improved and the design difficulty of the biomedical telemetering implanted antenna is reduced under the condition of keeping the technical indexes of the biomedical telemetering implanted antenna basically unchanged.
The technical problem proposed by the invention is solved as follows:
a biomedical telemetering and implanting high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial comprises an antenna radiation unit 1, a lower-layer dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor 3, a metamaterial structure 4, a coaxial connector 5, two short circuit pins 6 and an upper-layer dielectric substrate 7;
the metamaterial structure 4 is positioned on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 7; the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are tightly attached; the antenna radiation unit 1 is positioned on the connecting surface of the upper layer medium substrate 7 and the lower layer medium substrate 2; the metal floor 3 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate 2;
the metamaterial structure 4 is formed by metamaterial units which are arranged in a 2 x 2 mode and is in a central rotation symmetrical structure; the metamaterial unit comprises a metal square ring, a cross structure and four short branch knots; gaps are reserved between adjacent metal square rings, the metal square rings are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 7, and gaps are reserved at the peripheral edges of the metal square rings; the four short branch knots are vertical to the edge of the metal square ring, one end of each short branch knot is connected with the center of one edge of the metal square ring, the other end of each short branch knot extends to the center of the metal square ring, and the length of each short branch knot is less than half of the side length of the metal square ring; the cross structure is superposed with the center of the metal square ring and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the metal square ring;
two short circuit pins 6 penetrate through the lower layer dielectric substrate 2 to be connected with the antenna radiation unit 1 and the metal floor 3;
the inner core of the coaxial connector 5 is connected with the antenna radiation unit 1, and the outer layer metal is connected with the metal floor 3.
Further, the antenna radiation unit 1 is a square metal patch etched with two cross-shaped grooves and a circular groove; the center of the square metal patch, the centers of the two cross-shaped grooves and the center of the circular groove are superposed and positioned at the center of the upper surface of the lower medium substrate; two branches of the first cross-shaped groove are parallel to the edge of the lower-layer medium substrate 2, and the length of each branch is smaller than the diameter of the circular groove; two branches of the second cross-shaped groove form an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge of the lower medium substrate 2, and the length of each branch is larger than the diameter of the circular groove.
Further, the short circuit pin 6 is connected to the opposite side of the square metal patch in the antenna radiation unit 1, and the connection position is the position where the distance between the circular groove and the square metal patch is the minimum.
Furthermore, the inner core of the coaxial connector 5 and one side of the tail end of a branch in a second cross-shaped groove in the antenna radiation unit 1, and the connecting position of a short circuit pin 6 and the antenna radiation unit 1 are located on the same side of the square metal patch.
Further, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 is 0.635mm.
Furthermore, the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of biocompatible materials.
Further, the metal floor fully covers the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2.
Further, the effective refractive index of the metamaterial structure 4 is less than 1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the biomedical telemetering implanted high-gain antenna based on the near-zero refractive index metamaterial solves the disadvantage of lower gain of a common implanted antenna, and can keep other indexes of the biomedical telemetering implanted antenna technology basically unchanged. The antenna works in a 2.45GHz (ISM) frequency band, has the advantages of miniaturization, low profile, high gain, biocompatibility and the like, and provides a solution for solving the problem of lower gain faced by the conventional implanted antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an implantable biomedical telemetry high gain antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna radiation unit in the antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial structure in an antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram comparing gain patterns on a single-layer skin tissue model at a center frequency for antennas loaded and unloaded with metamaterial structures.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The embodiment provides a biomedical telemetering implantable high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial, and a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna is shown in fig. 1, and the antenna comprises an antenna radiation unit 1, a lower dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor 3, a metamaterial structure 4, a coaxial connector 5, two short circuit pins 6 and an upper dielectric substrate 7.
The metamaterial structure 4 is positioned on the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate 7; the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are tightly attached; the antenna radiation unit 1 is positioned on the connecting surface of the upper layer medium substrate 7 and the lower layer medium substrate 2; the metal floor 3 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium substrate 2; the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 are made of biocompatible materials; the metal floor fully covers the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate 2.
The structural schematic diagram of the metamaterial structure 4 is shown in fig. 3, and the metamaterial structure is composed of metamaterial units arranged by 2 × 2 and has a central rotational symmetric structure; the metamaterial unit comprises a metal square ring, a cross structure and four short branch knots; gaps are reserved between adjacent metal square rings, the metal square rings are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate 7, and gaps are reserved at the peripheral edges of the metal square rings; the four short branch knots are vertical to the edge of the metal square ring, one end of each short branch knot is connected with the center of one edge of the metal square ring, the other end of each short branch knot extends towards the center of the metal square ring, and the length of each short branch knot is less than half of the edge length of the metal square ring; the cross structure is superposed with the center of the metal square ring and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the metal square ring.
Two shorting pins 6 connect the antenna radiating element 1 and the metal ground plate 3 through the lower dielectric substrate 2.
The inner core of the coaxial connector 5 is connected with the antenna radiation unit 1, and the outer layer metal is connected with the metal floor 3.
The schematic structural diagram of the antenna radiation unit 1 is shown in fig. 2, and is a square metal patch etched with two cross-shaped grooves and two circular grooves; the center of the square metal patch, the centers of the two cross-shaped grooves and the center of the circular groove are superposed and positioned at the center of the upper surface of the lower medium substrate; two branches of the first cross-shaped groove are parallel to the edge of the lower-layer medium substrate 2, and the length of each branch is smaller than the diameter of the circular groove; two branches of the second cross-shaped groove form an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge of the lower medium substrate 2, and the length of each branch is larger than the diameter of the circular groove.
The short circuit pin 6 is connected with the opposite side of the square metal patch in the antenna radiation unit 1, and the connection position is the position with the minimum distance between the circular groove and the square metal patch. The inner core of the coaxial connector 5 and one side of the tail end of one branch in the second cross-shaped groove in the antenna radiation unit 1, and one side of a square metal patch at the same position of the connection position of a short circuit pin 6 and the antenna radiation unit 1.
The thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 7 and the lower dielectric substrate 2 is 0.635mm.
The refractive index of the metamaterial structure 4 is close to zero, and the effective refractive index is smaller than 1 and close to zero. In the embodiment, the equivalent refractive index value n of the near-zero refractive index metamaterial 4 at the antenna working center frequency of 2.45GHz is 0.08, and | n | < 1 in the frequency band from 2.41GHz to 2.51 GHz.
The structural parameters of the antenna described in this embodiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 structural parameters (unit: mm) of the antenna described in the example
Fig. 4 compares the gain pattern before and after loading the near-zero refractive index metamaterial 4 of the implantable high-gain antenna for biomedical telemetry provided by the embodiment, and obviously, the gain of the implantable antenna after loading has an effect of significantly increasing, so that an effective solution is provided for solving the problem of low gain faced by the conventional implantable antenna.
Claims (7)
1. A biomedical telemetering implantable high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial is characterized by comprising an antenna radiation unit (1), a lower-layer dielectric substrate (2), a metal floor (3), a metamaterial structure (4), a coaxial connector (5), two short circuit pins (6) and an upper-layer dielectric substrate (7);
the metamaterial structure (4) is positioned on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (7); the upper layer dielectric substrate (7) is tightly attached to the lower layer dielectric substrate (2); the antenna radiation unit (1) is positioned on the connecting surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (7) and the lower-layer dielectric substrate (2); the metal floor (3) is positioned on the lower surface of the lower-layer medium substrate (2);
the metamaterial structure (4) is formed by metamaterial units which are arranged in a 2 multiplied by 2 mode and is of a central rotational symmetrical structure; the metamaterial unit comprises a metal square ring, a cross structure and four short branches; gaps are reserved between adjacent metal square rings, the metal square rings are arranged on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (7), and gaps are reserved at the peripheral edges of the metal square rings; the four short branch knots are vertical to the edge of the metal square ring, one end of each short branch knot is connected with the center of one edge of the metal square ring, the other end of each short branch knot extends to the center of the metal square ring, and the length of each short branch knot is less than half of the side length of the metal square ring; the cross structure is superposed with the center of the metal square ring, and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the metal square ring;
the antenna radiation unit (1) is a square metal patch etched with two cross-shaped grooves and a circular groove; the center of the square metal patch, the centers of the two cross-shaped grooves and the center of the circular groove are superposed and positioned at the center of the upper surface of the lower medium substrate; two branches of the first cross-shaped groove are parallel to the edge of the lower-layer medium substrate (2), and the length of each branch is smaller than the diameter of the circular groove; two branches of the second cross-shaped groove form an included angle of 45 degrees with the edge of the lower medium substrate (2), and the length of each branch is larger than the diameter of the circular groove;
two short circuit pins (6) penetrate through the lower-layer dielectric substrate (2) to be connected with the antenna radiation unit (1) and the metal floor (3);
the inner core of the coaxial connector (5) is connected with the antenna radiation unit (1), and the outer layer metal is connected with the metal floor (3).
2. The biomedical telemetric implantable high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit pin (6) is connected to the opposite side of the square metal patch in the antenna radiation unit (1) at the position where the distance between the circular groove and the square metal patch is the smallest.
3. The biomedical telemetering implantable high-gain antenna based on the near-zero refractive index metamaterial according to claim 2, wherein the inner core of the coaxial connector (5) is connected with one side of one branch end in the second cross-shaped groove in the antenna radiation unit (1), and the short-circuit pin (6) is connected with one side of the square metal patch at the same position with the antenna radiation unit (1).
4. The biomedical telemetric implantable high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate (7) and the lower dielectric substrate (2) is 0.635mm.
5. The biomedical telemetering implantable high-gain antenna based on the near-zero refractive index metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the upper dielectric substrate (7) and the lower dielectric substrate (2) are made of biocompatible materials.
6. The biomedical telemetric implantable high-gain antenna based on a near-zero refractive index metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the metal floor fully covers the lower surface of the underlying dielectric substrate (2).
7. The near-zero refractive index metamaterial-based biomedical telemetrically implantable high-gain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the effective refractive index of the metamaterial structure (4) is less than 1.
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| CN105914459A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 清华大学 | Double-cross slot cavity antenna with bidirectional co-spin circular polarization characteristics |
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| CN102723604A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn antenna |
| CN102723603A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-10 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn-shaped antenna |
| CN105914459A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-08-31 | 清华大学 | Double-cross slot cavity antenna with bidirectional co-spin circular polarization characteristics |
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