CN113690590B - Multiple-input multiple-output sparse antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-input multi-output sparse antenna, which comprises a plurality of multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, wherein the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays are arranged in a sparse mode, each multi-input multi-output antenna subarray comprises 4 non-sparse emission subarrays and 1 sparse receiving subarray, gaps are arranged between the emission subarrays and the receiving subarrays, and periodically distributed planar artificial magnetic conductor structures are arranged in the gaps; the antenna array provided by the invention has good expansibility; compared with the array surface of the receiving subarray, the transmitting subarray is smaller, the processing and the realization are easier, and the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray can be subjected to modularized design, so that the processing complexity of the antenna array can be obviously reduced, and the cost can be reduced; the array method can effectively inhibit the grating lobes of the directional diagram caused by sparse array, is particularly suitable for millimeter wave radar antennas, such as millimeter wave automobile radars, human body security detectors and the like, and has higher engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna arrays, in particular to a multiple-input multiple-output sparse antenna.
Background
In order to meet the development requirements of low cost, modularization and sparsification of the antenna array, a reasonable antenna array method is quite valuable. In particular to a millimeter wave radar antenna, the number of unit channels is large, the integration level is high, and the cost and the processing difficulty of the radar antenna are determined to a great extent by an array method. At present, it is reported that an antenna array is thinned by adopting an optimization algorithm such as a genetic algorithm according to a target pattern, the thinning method based on the optimization algorithm is poor in universality, one-time optimization calculation is required to be carried out on different target patterns, and even the same target pattern is different in results obtained by multiple times of optimization, and the modularized array requirement is difficult to meet.
In view of the above drawbacks, the present inventors have finally achieved the present invention through long-time studies and practices.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the multi-input multi-output sparse antenna comprises a plurality of multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, wherein the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays are arranged in a sparse mode, each multi-input multi-output antenna subarray comprises 4 non-sparse emission subarrays and 1 sparse receiving subarray, a gap is arranged between each emission subarray and each receiving subarray, and a periodically distributed planar artificial magnetic conductor structure is arranged in the gap.
Preferably, the whole multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray is set to be rectangular, 4 the transmitting subarrays are respectively arranged at four corners of the multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray, the transmitting antenna units in the transmitting subarray are distributed in rectangular grids, the array surface of the transmitting subarray is rectangular, the receiving subarray is arranged in the middle of the multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray, the receiving antenna units in the receiving subarray are distributed in rectangular grids, and the array surface of the receiving subarray is cross-shaped.
Preferably, the transmitting subarrays are arranged in a non-sparse mode, and the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing of the transmitting antenna units need to meet a constraint relation of the phased array corresponding to the scanning angle to the antenna unit spacing:
wherein d is the horizontal unit spacing of the emission subarray, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, and theta is the scanning angle of the emission subarray in the horizontal direction;
wherein d 'is the vertical unit spacing of the emission subarray, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, and theta' is the scanning angle of the emission subarray in the vertical direction.
Preferably, the number of units required by the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction satisfies the formula:
wherein N is 1 For the number of transmitting antenna units required by the transmitting subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 1 Required beam width for the transmitter array in the horizontal direction, d 1 The unit spacing of the emission subarrays in the horizontal direction is set;
wherein N is 2 For the number of receiving antenna units required by the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 2 Required beam width in horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays, d 2 A cell pitch in a horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays;
wherein N is 3 For the number of transmitting antenna units required by the transmitting subarrays in the vertical direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 3 Required beam width for the transmitter array in the horizontal direction, d 3 The unit spacing of the emission subarrays in the vertical direction is set;
wherein N is 4 For the number of receiving antenna units required by the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 4 Required beam width in horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays, d 4 Single in horizontal direction for the receiving subarraysElement spacing.
Preferably, the horizontal cell pitch of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of 2-4 of the horizontal cell pitch of the transmitting subarray, and the vertical cell pitch of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of 2-4 of the vertical cell pitch of the transmitting subarray.
Preferably, the number of the cells of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction is determined by the beam width of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction, and the number of the cells of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction is determined by the beam width of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction.
Preferably, a gap between the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray is L-shaped;
the gap width of the vertical section of the gap is 2-4 times of the horizontal unit spacing of the emission subarray, and the height is equal to the vertical unit spacing of the emission subarray multiplied by the number of units in the vertical direction of the emission subarray;
the gap width of the horizontal section of the gap is 2-4 times of the vertical cell spacing of the emission subarray, and the length is equal to the horizontal cell spacing of the emission subarray multiplied by the number of cells of the emission subarray in the horizontal direction plus the gap width of the vertical section of the gap.
Preferably, the working bandwidth of the planar artificial magnetic conductor structure is consistent with the working bandwidth of the mimo sparse antenna.
Preferably, the length of the mimo antenna subarray in the horizontal direction of the mimo sparse antenna in the horizontal direction of the mimo antenna subarray with the spacing of 2 times is equal to the length of the mimo antenna subarray in the vertical direction of the mimo antenna subarray with the spacing of 2 times.
Preferably, the length of the mimo antenna subarrays in the horizontal direction is the number of units of the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction multiplied by the horizontal unit spacing of the receiving subarrays; the length of the multi-input multi-output antenna subarray in the vertical direction is the number of the units of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction multiplied by the vertical unit spacing of the receiving subarray.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the sparse array method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and does not need to adopt an optimization algorithm to optimize calculation. The antenna array is composed of a plurality of identical transmitting subarrays and receiving subarrays, so that the antenna array has good expansibility. Compared with the array surface of the receiving subarray, the transmitting subarray is smaller, the processing and the realization are easier, and the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray can be subjected to modularized design, so that the processing complexity of the antenna array can be obviously reduced, and the cost can be reduced. The array method can effectively inhibit the grating lobes of the directional diagram caused by sparse array, is particularly suitable for millimeter wave radar antennas, such as millimeter wave automobile radars, human body security detectors and the like, and has higher engineering application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of the mimo antenna subarray;
FIG. 2 is a vertical directional diagram of a single emissive subarray according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a vertical synthesis direction diagram of four emissive subarrays according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a vertical directional diagram of a single receiver sub-array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a vertical synthesis pattern of a single transmitter sub-array and a single receiver sub-array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a vertical direction diagram of the combination of four transmitter sub-arrays and a single receiver sub-array according to the embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a horizontal directional diagram of a single emissive subarray according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal synthetic pattern of four emissive subarrays according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a horizontal directional diagram of a single receiver sub-array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a horizontal direction composite pattern of a single transmitter sub-array and a single receiver sub-array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a horizontal direction combination pattern of four transmitter sub-arrays and a single receiver sub-array according to the embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a 60 horizontal scan direction diagram of a single emissive subarray according to an embodiment;
FIG. 13 is a 60℃composite pattern of a horizontal scan of four emissive subarrays according to an embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a 60 horizontal scan direction diagram of a single receiver sub-array according to an embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a combined horizontal scanning 60℃pattern for a single transmitter sub-array and a single receiver sub-array according to one embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a 60℃composite pattern of a horizontal scan of four transmitter sub-arrays and a single receiver sub-array according to the embodiment;
fig. 17 shows a thinned antenna array consisting of 6 MIMO antenna arrays according to the second embodiment.
The figures represent the numbers:
1-emitting subarrays; 2-receiving subarrays; 3-gap; 4-transmitting antenna units; 5-receive antenna units.
Detailed Description
The above and further technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural view of the mimo antenna subarray; wherein, the circle is the transmitting antenna unit position, and the triangle is the receiving subarray antenna unit position.
The multi-input multi-output sparse antenna comprises a plurality of multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, wherein the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays are arranged in a sparse mode, each multi-input multi-output antenna subarray comprises 4 non-sparse transmitting subarrays 1 and 1 sparse receiving subarrays 2, a gap 3 is arranged between each transmitting subarray 1 and each receiving subarray 2, and a periodically distributed planar Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) structure is arranged in each gap 3.
The whole rectangle that sets up of multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray, 4 the transmitting subarray 1 sets up the four corners of multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray, transmitting antenna unit 4 in the transmitting subarray 1 is rectangle grid distribution, the matrix surface of transmitting subarray 1 is rectangle, receiving subarray 2 sets up the middle part of multiple-input multiple-output antenna subarray, receiving antenna unit 5 in the receiving subarray 2 is rectangle grid distribution, receiving subarray 2's matrix surface is the cross.
In order to ensure that the transmitting subarray 1 and the receiving subarray 2 have beam scanning capability, the transmitting subarray 1 and the receiving subarray 2 are phased array systems.
The transmitting subarray adopts non-sparse array, and the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing of the transmitting subarray need to meet the constraint relation of phased array scanning angles to the antenna unit spacing, namely
Where d is the unit spacing, λ is the antenna operating wavelength, and θ is the scan angle.
According to the requirements of the horizontal scanning angle, the vertical scanning angle and the antenna beam width of the transmitting subarray, the horizontal unit distance dty and the unit number nty in the transmitting subarray can be determined, and the vertical unit distance dtx and the unit number ntx can be determined.
Can adopt the formulaTo estimate the required unit numbers of the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction,
where λ is the working wavelength of the antenna, B is the required beam width of the corresponding antenna subarray in the corresponding direction, and d is the unit spacing of the corresponding antenna subarray in the corresponding direction.
Preferably, the horizontal cell pitch dry of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of the horizontal cell pitch dty of the transmitting subarray, and is generally 2-4 times. Similarly, the vertical cell pitch drx of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of the vertical cell pitch dtx of the transmitting subarray, and is usually 2 to 4 times. The number of cells nry of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction and the number of cells nrx in the vertical direction are determined by the beam widths of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Preferably, the gap between the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray is L-shaped, the gap width of the L-shaped vertical section is 2-4 times dty, and the height is equal to dtx multiplied by ntx. The gap width of the L-shaped horizontal segment is 2-4 times dtx, and the length is dty multiplied by nty plus the gap width of the L-shaped vertical segment.
In the L-shaped clearance space, a periodically distributed planar AMC structure is designed, and the AMC working bandwidth is consistent with the antenna working bandwidth. The AMC structure should have "cross" symmetry, and reference is made to the publicly reported AMC structure forms, such as square, circular, mushroom-shaped AMC structure.
Preferably, the MIMO antenna array is composed of a plurality of MIMO antenna arrays, the MIMO antenna arrays are rectangular grid arrays, the horizontal unit spacing of the MIMO antenna array is 2 times the horizontal length (nry ×dry) of the MIMO antenna arrays, and the vertical unit spacing is 2 times the vertical length (nrx×dry) of the MIMO antenna arrays. The MIMO antenna array can be expanded according to the application requirement by the array rule.
The sparse array method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and does not need to adopt an optimization algorithm to optimize calculation. The antenna array is composed of a plurality of identical transmitting subarrays and receiving subarrays, so that the antenna array has good expansibility. Compared with the array surface of the receiving subarray, the transmitting subarray is smaller, the processing and the realization are easier, and the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray can be subjected to modularized design, so that the processing complexity of the antenna array can be obviously reduced, and the cost can be reduced. The array method can effectively inhibit the grating lobes of the directional diagram caused by sparse array, is particularly suitable for millimeter wave radar antennas, such as millimeter wave automobile radars, human body security detectors and the like, and has higher engineering application value.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 to 16, fig. 2 is a vertical directional diagram of a single emission subarray according to the present embodiment; fig. 3 is a vertical synthesis direction diagram of four emission subarrays according to the present embodiment; fig. 4 is a vertical direction diagram of a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment; fig. 5 is a vertical synthesis direction diagram of a single transmitting subarray and a single receiving subarray in the present embodiment; fig. 6 is a vertical direction diagram of the combination of four transmitting sub-arrays and a single receiving sub-array in the present embodiment; FIG. 7 is a horizontal directional diagram of a single emissive subarray according to the present embodiment; FIG. 8 is a horizontal synthesized pattern of four emissive subarrays according to the present embodiment; fig. 9 is a horizontal directional diagram of a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment; fig. 10 is a horizontal synthetic pattern of a single transmitting subarray and a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment; FIG. 11 is a horizontal direction combination pattern of four transmitting subarrays and a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment; FIG. 12 is a 60 horizontal scan direction diagram of a single emissive subarray according to this embodiment; fig. 13 is a 60 ° horizontal scan combined pattern of four emissive subarrays according to the present embodiment; fig. 14 is a 60 ° horizontal scan pattern of a single receiver sub-array in this embodiment; fig. 15 is a horizontal scanning 60 ° combined pattern of a single transmitting subarray and a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment; fig. 16 is a horizontal scanning 60 ° combined pattern of four transmitting subarrays and a single receiving subarray according to the present embodiment.
Aiming at the vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar antenna, the invention provides a multi-input multi-output sparse antenna formed by a sparse array method, wherein the multi-input multi-output sparse antenna comprises 4 non-sparse array transmitting subarrays, 1 sparse array receiving subarrays and gaps between the transmitting subarrays and the receiving subarrays.
The designed antenna works at 79GHz, the transmitting subarrays have phase scanning capability in the horizontal direction, the unit spacing dty=1.9 mm in the horizontal direction, and the unit number nty =8. The transmitter array is vertically not subjected to phase scanning, the cell spacing dtx=2.5 mm and the number of cells ntx =4. The transmitting sub-array includes 32 antenna elements.
The receiving subarrays are positioned in the middle, and the horizontal unit distance dry=2×dry=3.8 mm and the vertical unit distance dry=2×dtx=5 mm. The receiving subarrays total 365 antenna elements.
The gap between the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray is in an L shape, the vertical width of the L shape is 2×dty=3.8 mm, the height is ntx ×dtx=10 mm, the horizontal width of the L shape is 2×dtx=5 mm, and the length is nty ×dty+2×dty=8×1.9+2×1.9=19 mm.
MIMO array length dry x 25-dty=93.1 mm, width dry x 17-dtx=82.5 mm consisting of 4 transmitting subarrays and 1 receiving subarray
The arranged MIMO antenna array has a pattern calculation result as shown in fig. 2 to 16 below. The direction diagram calculation result shows that grating lobes are formed between the synthesized direction diagrams of the single receiving subarray and the transmitting subarray, but the synthesized direction diagram of the receiving antenna of the transmitting antenna obtained by the array method does not have grating lobes, so that a single main lobe direction diagram is obtained, and the side lobe level is effectively restrained, thereby proving the feasibility of the array method. The drawing shows normal direction patterns when the vertical direction and the horizontal direction are not scanned, and meanwhile, the example shows the direction patterns when the horizontal direction is scanned for 60 degrees, so that the directional pattern grating lobes caused by sparsification can be effectively restrained by the array method.
Example two
As shown in fig. 17, fig. 17 is a thinned antenna array composed of 6 MIMO antenna arrays according to the present embodiment.
Based on the first embodiment, 6 MIMO small arrays are combined into a MIMO antenna array, where the MIMO antenna array is rectangular, the length is 5 times the length of the MIMO antenna small array, and the width is 5 times the width of the MIMO antenna small array. After the transmitting directional diagram and the receiving directional diagram are synthesized, grating lobes brought by sparse array of the MIMO antenna array directional diagram can be effectively restrained, and the directional diagram example is similar to the case one and is not repeated.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to be limiting. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that many variations, modifications, and even equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-input multi-output sparse antenna is characterized by comprising a plurality of multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, wherein the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays are arranged in a sparse mode, each multi-input multi-output antenna subarray comprises 4 non-sparse emission subarrays and 1 sparse receiving subarray, gaps are arranged between the emission subarrays and the receiving subarrays, and periodically distributed planar artificial magnetic conductor structures are arranged in the gaps;
the whole multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays are rectangular, 4 transmitting subarrays are respectively arranged at four corners of the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, transmitting antenna units in the transmitting subarrays are distributed in rectangular grids, the array of the transmitting subarrays is rectangular, receiving subarrays are arranged in the middle of the multi-input multi-output antenna subarrays, receiving antenna units in the receiving subarrays are distributed in rectangular grids, and the array of the receiving subarrays is cross-shaped;
the transmitting subarrays are arranged in a non-sparse mode, and the horizontal unit spacing and the vertical unit spacing of the transmitting antenna units need to meet the constraint relation of the phased array corresponding scanning angle to the antenna unit spacing:
wherein d is the horizontal unit spacing of the emission subarray, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, and theta is the scanning angle of the emission subarray in the horizontal direction;
wherein d ’ For the vertical unit distance of the emission subarray, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, theta ‘ A scanning angle of the emission subarray in a vertical direction is set;
the number of the units required by the transmitting subarrays and the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction meets the formula:
wherein N is 1 For the number of transmitting antenna units required by the transmitting subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 1 Required beam width for the transmitter array in the horizontal direction, d 1 The unit spacing of the emission subarrays in the horizontal direction is set;
wherein N is 2 For the number of receiving antenna units required by the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 2 Required beam width in horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays, d 2 Is saidReceiving the cell spacing of the subarrays in the horizontal direction;
wherein N is 3 For the number of transmitting antenna units required by the transmitting subarrays in the vertical direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 3 Required beam width for the transmitter array in the horizontal direction, d 3 The unit spacing of the emission subarrays in the vertical direction is set;
wherein N is 4 For the number of receiving antenna units required by the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, B 4 Required beam width in horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays, d 4 A cell pitch in a horizontal direction for the receiving subarrays; the horizontal cell spacing of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of 2-4 of the horizontal cell spacing of the transmitting subarray, and the vertical cell spacing of the receiving subarray is an integer multiple of 2-4 of the vertical cell spacing of the transmitting subarray;
the gap between the transmitting subarray and the receiving subarray is L-shaped;
the gap width of the vertical section of the gap is 2-4 times of the horizontal unit spacing of the emission subarray, and the height is equal to the vertical unit spacing of the emission subarray multiplied by the number of units in the vertical direction of the emission subarray;
the gap width of the horizontal section of the gap is 2-4 times of the vertical cell spacing of the emission subarray, and the length is equal to the horizontal cell spacing of the emission subarray multiplied by the number of cells of the emission subarray in the horizontal direction plus the gap width of the vertical section of the gap.
2. The mimo rarefaction antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of elements of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction is determined by the beam width of the receiving subarray in the horizontal direction, and the number of elements of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction is determined by the beam width of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction.
3. The multiple-input multiple-output sparse antenna of claim 1, wherein an operating bandwidth of the planar artificial magnetic conductor structure is consistent with an operating bandwidth of the multiple-input multiple-output sparse antenna.
4. The mimo sparse antenna of claim 1, wherein a horizontal cell pitch of the mimo antenna subarrays within the mimo sparse antenna is 2 times a length of the mimo antenna subarrays in a horizontal direction, and a vertical cell pitch of the mimo antenna subarrays is 2 times a length of the mimo antenna subarrays in a vertical direction.
5. The mimo sparse antenna of claim 1, wherein the length of the mimo antenna subarrays in the horizontal direction is the number of cells of the receiving subarrays in the horizontal direction multiplied by the horizontal cell pitch of the receiving subarrays; the length of the multi-input multi-output antenna subarray in the vertical direction is the number of the units of the receiving subarray in the vertical direction multiplied by the vertical unit spacing of the receiving subarray.
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