CN113689768A - Improved fast-adjusting spectrometer and spectrometer adjusting method - Google Patents
Improved fast-adjusting spectrometer and spectrometer adjusting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an improved spectrometer capable of being adjusted quickly, which comprises an objective table, a reticle, a telescope and a double-sided mirror, wherein the telescope is provided with an objective lens, a bar-shaped reference object is arranged between the telescope and the double-sided mirror and horizontally arranged, the bar-shaped reference object is detachably connected to the objective lens of the telescope, the bar-shaped reference object is perpendicular to an optical axis of the telescope, and the longitudinal section of the bar-shaped reference object is smaller than that of the objective lens of the telescope. Because the telescope objective lens barrel is provided with the strip-shaped reference object, an operator can perform contrast reference by utilizing the position relation of the strip-shaped reference object and a reflected image thereof when adjusting the spectrometer, and further performs adjustment in a purposeful and directional manner, blind adjustment and repeated attempt are avoided, time is saved, eyesight is protected, and the confidence and interest of an experiment are improved. The invention also relates to a spectrometer adjusting method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical equipment, in particular to an improved spectrometer capable of being adjusted quickly and an adjusting method of the spectrometer.
Background
The spectrometer generally comprises collimator, objective table and 3 kinds of essential element of telescope, and the reticle is installed on the objective focal plane of telescope, and the reticle is equipped with horizontally in proper order from top to bottom and goes up alignment, well alignment and lower alignment. The lower alignment line is provided with a cross light source, and the upper alignment line is provided with an adjusting fork wire. The cross light source and the adjusting fork are symmetrical about the middle alignment line.
Spectrometer tuning is a routine physical experiment. The tuning of the spectrometer needs to achieve the following: (1) the telescope is capable of receiving collimated light (or focusing to infinity). (2) The collimator is capable of emitting collimated light. (3) The optical axis of the telescope is perpendicular to the main axis of rotation of the spectrometer. (4) The stage normal is adjusted to be parallel to the main axis of rotation of the spectrometer.
The spectrometer adjustment includes coarse and fine adjustments for visual inspection, the coarse adjustment mainly adjusting a telescope inclination screw to level the telescope, and then adjusting an objective table screw to level the objective table.
The fine adjustment is carried out according to the following steps:
first, the eyepiece focuses to allow the eye to see clearly the various alignment lines and cross light sources on the reticle shown in FIG. 4 through the eyepiece. Then the adjusting telescope focuses the parallel light, namely the reticle is adjusted to the focal plane of the objective lens, and the adjusting method comprises the following steps: the relative positions of the double-sided mirror and three adjusting screws under the objective table are placed as shown in figure 3, the telescope is fixed, the vernier disks are rotated by two hands, the objective table rotates together with the vernier disks, when the double-sided mirror is rotated to just face the telescope, a green cross image which is the mirror reflection image of the cross light source moves along with the rotation of the mirror surface of the double-sided mirror is seen in the ocular lens. If the image is blurred, the telescope focuses the parallel light by moving the eyepiece barrel along the axial direction until the image is clear, screwing the eyepiece and screwing the screw. When the mirror surface is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, the mirror reflection image of the cross light source should fall on the adjustment cross of the reticle, as shown in fig. 4. After the double mirror is rotated 180 around the axis, if the cross light source reflection image of the other mirror also falls there, this indicates that the mirror is parallel to the main axis of the spectrometer, and the telescope optical axis perpendicular to the mirror is also perpendicular to the main axis of the spectrometer.
The spectrometers of the prior art suffer from the following technical problems:
the optical axis of the telescope is difficult to adjust to be perpendicular to the double-sided mirror, an operator is easy to adjust blindly and try repeatedly, time is wasted, eyesight is wasted, and confidence and interest of an experiment are lost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is as follows: the improved spectrometer capable of being adjusted quickly is provided, an operator can adjust the optical axis of the telescope to be perpendicular to the double-sided mirror quickly, and adjustment is more convenient.
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the second purpose of the invention is as follows: by the adoption of the method, an operator can quickly adjust the optical axis of the telescope to be perpendicular to the double-sided mirror, and the adjustment is more convenient.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a spectrometer of modified quick adjustment, includes objective table, graticule, telescope and double mirror, and the telescope is equipped with objective, is equipped with the bar reference object between telescope and the double mirror, and bar reference object level sets up, and bar reference object detachably connects in telescope objective, and the bar reference object is perpendicular to the telescopic optical axis, and the longitudinal section of bar reference object is less than the longitudinal section of telescope objective.
Further, the bar reference object comprises a connecting portion and a bar reference piece, one end of the connecting portion is detachably connected to the telescope objective, the other end of the connecting portion is fixedly connected to the bar reference piece, the bar reference piece is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, the bar reference piece is horizontally arranged, and the longitudinal section of the bar reference piece is smaller than that of the telescope objective. The reference bar may be attached directly to a removable sleeve at the objective end of the telescope tube during manufacture of the spectrometer.
Further, the bar reference is located in the middle of the telescope objective.
Further, the bar reference is located at 1/4 height of the telescope objective.
Furthermore, the connecting part is of a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is in threaded connection with the telescope objective lens.
Furthermore, the connecting part is of a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is clamped on the telescope objective lens.
A spectrometer adjusting method, which adopts an improved spectrometer with rapid adjustment, is used for rapidly realizing that the optical axis of a telescope is vertical to a double-sided mirror, and comprises the following steps,
the telescope is opposite to the double-sided mirror, and an image Lo ', an image P ', a cross virtual light source image S ' and an image A ' are respectively obtained after the objective Lo, the reticle P, the cross light source S of the reticle and the strip-shaped reference object A are reflected by the double-sided mirror, and the cross light source image S ' can be regarded as an image S ' obtained on the reticle P after the cross virtual light source image S ' on the reticle image P ' is converted into parallel light through Lo ' and converged by Lo;
horizontally arranging a bar-shaped reference object A in the middle of an objective lens Lo, rotating a double-sided mirror by a certain angle around the central axis of an objective table until a cross virtual light source image S 'on an image of a reticle P' in an image of a telescope can be seen through the double-sided mirror, and making an image of a middle alignment line of the reticle P in an image P 'plane, the bar-shaped reference object A and the image A' of the bar-shaped reference object A in the same height by adopting a half adjustment method, and making the distance between the image and the image S 'of the middle alignment line of the reticle P in the image P' plane equal to the distance between a lower alignment line and the middle alignment line;
or, the strip-shaped reference object A is horizontally arranged on the objective lens Lo and is at the height position from the bottom 1/4 of the objective lens, the double-sided mirror is rotated around the central shaft of the objective table, and the strip-shaped reference object A, the strip-shaped reference object image A 'and the cross virtual light source image S' are positioned at the same height by adopting half-adjustment methods.
After the steps are adjusted, the double-sided mirror is aligned to the telescope, and the cross light source image S' reflected by the double-sided mirror can be seen on or near the alignment line on the reticle P through the eyepiece of the telescope.
Further, the semi-adjustment method or the auto-collimation adjustment method is adopted to quickly realize that the optical axis of the telescope is vertical to the rotation main shaft of the spectrometer, and the method comprises the following steps,
adopting each semi-adjustment method or auto-collimation adjustment method to make the cross light source image S' on the reticle coincide with the upper alignment line of the reticle after the cross light source S is reflected by the double-sided mirror;
and rotating the double-sided mirror by 180 degrees, and enabling a cross light source image S' on the reticle to be superposed with the upper alignment line of the reticle after the cross light source S of the reticle is reflected by the double-sided mirror by adopting a half-adjustment method or an auto-collimation adjustment method.
In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:
because the telescope objective lens barrel is provided with the strip-shaped reference object, an operator can perform contrast reference by utilizing the position relation of the strip-shaped reference object and a reflected image thereof when adjusting the spectrometer, and further performs adjustment in a purposeful and directional manner, blind adjustment and repeated attempt are avoided, time is saved, eyesight is protected, and the confidence and interest of an experiment are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path according to embodiment A of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an imaging optical path according to embodiment B of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the placement of the double-sided mirror on the stage.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an optical path and a cross image position when the telescope adjustment requirement is met.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a strip reference for protocol A.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a strip reference for protocol B.
Description of reference numerals:
p-reticle, 11-upper alignment, 12-middle alignment, 13-lower alignment, 14-adjustment cross and S-cross light source; 2-a double-sided mirror; 3-stage, 31-adjusting screw; 4-a telescope; lo-objective lens; a-bar reference, 51-bar reference, 52-connection.
Detailed Description
The prior art spectrometers have problems of difficult adjustment during practical use, including difficulty in adjusting the optical axis of the telescope 4 to be perpendicular to the double mirror 2, and difficulty in adjusting the optical axis of the telescope 4 to be perpendicular to the main axis of rotation of the spectrometer.
The present invention aims to provide an improved spectrometer with rapid adjustment and a method for adjusting a spectrometer to enable, firstly, the optical axis of the telescope 4 to be adjusted perpendicularly to the double mirror 2, and further to enable, on the basis thereof, the optical axis of the telescope 4 to be adjusted perpendicularly to the main axis of rotation of the spectrometer.
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an improved spectrometer capable of being adjusted quickly comprises an object stage 3, a reticle P, a telescope 4 and a double-sided mirror 2, wherein the telescope 4 is provided with an objective lens Lo, a bar-shaped reference object a is arranged between the telescope 4 and the double-sided mirror 2 and horizontally arranged, the bar-shaped reference object a is detachably connected with the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4, the bar-shaped reference object a is perpendicular to an optical axis of the telescope 4, and the longitudinal section of the bar-shaped reference object a is smaller than that of the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4.
During the specific adjustment, at first, the objective table 3 is rotated to rotate the double-sided mirror 2 on the objective table 3, and as the strip-shaped reference object A is arranged at the lens barrel of the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4, the double-sided mirror 2 can obtain the reflected images of the three alignment lines, the strip-shaped reference object A and the strip-shaped reference object A on the reticle P on the double-sided mirror 2 after rotating a certain angle, and the optical axis of the telescope 4 can be quickly adjusted to be perpendicular to the double-sided mirror 2 by adjusting the inclination screws of the telescope 4 and the adjusting screws 31 of the objective table 3 by using the position relation between the reflected images and adopting each half adjusting method.
Because the lens cone of the objective Lo of the telescope 4 is provided with the strip-shaped reference object A, an operator can perform comparison reference by utilizing the position relation of the strip-shaped reference object A and a reflected image thereof when adjusting the spectrometer, and further performs adjustment in a purposeful and directional manner, blind adjustment and repeated attempt are avoided, time is saved, eyesight is protected, and the confidence and interest of an experiment are improved.
On the basis that the optical axis of the telescope 4 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the double-sided mirror 2, the telescope 4 is further aligned to the double-sided mirror 2, and the optical axis of the telescope 4 can be adjusted to be perpendicular to the rotating main shaft of the spectrometer by adopting a half adjusting method or an auto-collimation adjusting method.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the bar-shaped reference object a includes a connecting portion 52 and a bar-shaped reference member 51, one end of the connecting portion 52 is detachably connected to the end of the sleeve of the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4, the other end of the connecting portion 52 is fixedly connected to the bar-shaped reference member 51, the bar-shaped reference member 51 is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope 4, the bar-shaped reference member 51 is horizontally arranged, and the longitudinal section of the bar-shaped reference member 51 is smaller than that of the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4.
Specifically, the bar-shaped reference member 51 is a straight-line-shaped reference member, and may be made of plastic, polyester, metal, or the like. The reference bar 51 is attached to the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4 by the connecting portion 52, so that the attachment or detachment of the reference bar 51 is more convenient. The bar-shaped reference member 51 is horizontally disposed so that the operator can easily judge the positional relationship between the respective reflection images when observing with the eyes, and adjust accordingly by the respective half-adjustment methods according to their height differences. The longitudinal section of the reference bar 51 is smaller than the longitudinal section of the objective Lo of the telescope 4, so that the reference bar 51, in the case of being able to provide a position reference, does not interfere with the passage of light through the objective Lo and does not hinder the observation of the cross-illuminant S reflection and other images.
The bar reference 51 is located in the middle of the objective Lo of the telescope 4. Alternatively, the bar reference 51 is located at the 1/4 height of the objective Lo of the telescope 4. By adopting the two structures, the strip-shaped reference object A can obtain two reflected images at different positions on the double-sided mirror 2, and the optical axis of the telescope 4 can be quickly adjusted to be vertical to the double-sided mirror 2 by utilizing the position relation between each reflected image and the reflected images at the two different positions.
The connecting portion 52 is a ring structure, and the ring structure is screwed to the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4. Alternatively, the connecting portion 52 is a ring structure, and the ring structure is clamped to the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4. The strip-shaped reference part 51 can be quickly installed on the lens cone Lo of the objective lens of the telescope 4 through threaded connection or clamping connection, and the use is convenient.
A spectrometer adjustment method, using an improved, rapidly adjustable spectrometer, for rapidly achieving the optical axis of a telescope 4 perpendicular to a double mirror 2, comprises the steps of,
the telescope 4 is opposite to the double-sided mirror 2, an objective lens Lo, a reticle P, a cross light source S of the reticle P and a strip-shaped reference object A are reflected by the double-sided mirror 2 to respectively obtain an image Lo ', an image P', an image S 'and an image A', and after a cross virtual light source image S 'on the image P' is converted into parallel light through the Lo 'and converged by the Lo, an image S' is obtained on the reticle P;
horizontally arranging a bar-shaped reference object A in the middle of an objective lens Lo, rotating a double-sided mirror 2 by a small angle around the central axis of an objective table 3 until a cross virtual light source image S ' on an image of a reticle in the image of a telescope 4 can be seen through the double-sided mirror 2, and making the image of a middle alignment line 12 of the reticle P in the image P ' plane, the bar-shaped reference object A and the image A ' thereof be at the same height by adopting a half adjustment method, and making the distance between the image and the image S ' of the middle alignment line 12 of the reticle P in the image P ' plane equal to the distance between a lower alignment line 13 and the middle alignment line 12 of the reticle P;
or, the bar-shaped reference object A is horizontally arranged on the objective lens Lo and is at the height position 1/4 from the bottom of the objective lens Lo, the double-sided mirror 2 is rotated around the central axis of the objective table 3, and the bar-shaped reference object A, the image A 'and the cross virtual light source image S' are positioned at the same height by adopting each half adjustment method.
Specifically, the spectrometer adjustment method includes a scheme a and a scheme B.
Scheme A comprises the following steps:
as shown in figure 1, firstly, a strip-shaped reference object A is arranged in the middle of the objective lens Lo end of a telescope 4, and the strip-shaped reference object A is kept approximately horizontal, namely, the objective lens Lo is vertically symmetrical by taking the strip-shaped reference object A as an axis, so that the telescope 4 is opposite to a double-sided mirror 2, whether a cross image exists or not is observed in the telescope 4, if so, an objective table 3 is rotated, the double-sided mirror 2 is driven to rotate 180 degrees, whether the cross image exists or not is continuously observed in the telescope 4, and if still, the optical axis of the telescope 4 is shown to be basically vertical to the double-sided mirror 2.
If no cross image is observed in the telescope 4, the double mirror 2 is rotated by a small angle around the central axis of the objective table 3 until the cross virtual light source image S on the reticle image P 'in the image of the telescope 4 can be seen through the double mirror 2, the image A' of the bar-shaped reference object A in the double mirror 2 and the cross virtual light source image S of the cross light source S in the reticle P plane appearing in the sleeve of the telescope 4 after rotating a certain angle are observed with eyes, the eyes keep the same level with the bar-shaped reference object A and the image A 'thereof, then the position relation of the middle alignment line 12 image in the plane of the reflected image P' with respect to the plane of the bar-shaped reference object A and the image A 'thereof is observed, if the middle alignment line 12 image in the plane of the image P' is above them (if the middle alignment line 12 image cannot be clearly seen, the middle alignment line 12 in the circular plane image of the reticle P can be used as a judgment basis), the inclination of the telescope 4 and the objective table 3 can be adjusted by using half adjustment screws 31, the mid-line 12 image in the plane of image P 'is made to be highly level with the plane of the strip reference a and its image a', and vice versa. If the image of the mid-line 12 in the plane of the image P 'is not apparent, then it is observed whether the position of the image S' is at a position in the plane of the image P 'that is higher than the bottom 1/4 of the image P', thus indicating that the optical axis of the telescope 4 is approximately perpendicular to the double mirror 2. If not, the adjustment is made according to the position of the reflected image S ' of the cross light source S in the sleeve, if the image S ' is below the plane of the image P ', the inclination screw of the telescope 4 and the adjustment screw 31 of the object stage 3 can be adjusted by adopting each half adjustment method, so that the image S ' is at the position away from the bottom 1/4 of the image P ', and vice versa, and the optical axis of the telescope 4 is perpendicular to the double-sided mirror 2.
The scheme B comprises the following steps:
as shown in figure 2, firstly, a bar-shaped reference object A is arranged at the end of an objective lens Lo of a telescope 4 and at a height from the bottom 1/4 of the objective lens Lo, and the bar-shaped reference object A is kept approximately horizontal, so that a tube of the telescope 4 is opposite to a double-sided mirror 2, whether a cross image exists or not is observed in the telescope 4, if so, an objective table 3 is rotated to drive the double-sided mirror 2 to rotate 180 degrees, whether the cross image exists or not is continuously observed in the telescope 4, and if still, the optical axis of the telescope 4 is indicated to be basically vertical to the double-sided mirror 2.
If the cross image is not observed in the telescope 4, the double-sided mirror 2 is rotated, and the image A ' of the bar-shaped reference object A in the double-sided mirror 2 and the cross virtual light source image S ' of the cross light source S of the reticle P appearing in the sleeve of the telescope 4 after rotating a certain angle are observed by eyes, and the eyes are kept at the same level with the bar-shaped reference object A and the image A '.
If the bar reference A, the image A ', the image S' are at the same height, it indicates that the optical axis of the telescope 4 is perpendicular to the double mirror 2. If they are not at the same height, the adjustment is carried out according to the position of the cross virtual light source image S ' of the cross light source S in the sleeve, if the image S ' is below the image P ' plane, the inclination screw of the telescope 4 and the adjusting screw 31 of the object stage 3 can be adjusted by adopting each half adjustment method, and A, A ' and S ' are adjusted to be at the same height. The optical axis of the telescope 4 is then perpendicular to the double mirror 2.
After the adjustment of the scheme A or the scheme B, the reflection image of the cross light source S on the reticle P is substantially on or near the upper alignment line 11 of the reticle P.
The spectrometer adjusting method is adopted for adjustment, and the strip-shaped reference object A and the reflected image thereof at the lens cone of the objective lens Lo of the telescope 4 are used for comparison and reference, so that the adjustment is carried out in a purposeful and directional manner, blind adjustment and repeated try cannot occur, the time is saved, the eyesight is protected, and the confidence and interest of an operator in an experiment are improved.
Further, the spectrometer adjustment method is also used for quickly realizing that the optical axis of the telescope 4 is perpendicular to the rotation main axis of the spectrometer, and comprises the following steps,
the telescope 4 is opposite to the double-sided mirror 2, and according to the position of the cross image, a semi-adjustment method or an auto-collimation adjustment method is adopted to enable a cross light source S of the reticle P to be superposed with an upper alignment line 11 of the reticle P after being reflected by the double-sided mirror 2;
the double-sided mirror 2 is rotated by 180 degrees, and the reflected image S' on the reticle P after the cross light source S of the reticle P is reflected by the double-sided mirror 2 is superposed with the upper alignment line 11 of the reticle P by adopting each half adjustment method or the auto-collimation adjustment method. In this case, the optical axis of the telescope 4 is perpendicular to the main axis of rotation of the spectrometer. By further adjustment, the reflection image S' of the cross light source S can be made to coincide with the tuning fork 14, completing the overall tuning process of the spectrometer.
Each of the semi-adjustment methods or the auto-collimation adjustment methods is a prior art and will not be described herein.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a spectrometer of modified quick adjustment, includes objective table, reticle, telescope and double mirror, and the telescope is equipped with objective, its characterized in that: the telescopic telescope is characterized in that a bar-shaped reference object is arranged between the telescope and the double-faced mirror, the bar-shaped reference object is horizontally arranged and detachably connected to the objective lens of the telescope, the bar-shaped reference object is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, and the longitudinal section of the bar-shaped reference object is smaller than that of the objective lens of the telescope.
2. An improved fast-tuning spectrometer as defined in claim 1, wherein: the bar reference object comprises a connecting part and a bar reference piece, one end of the connecting part is detachably connected to the telescope objective, the other end of the connecting part is fixedly connected to the bar reference piece, the bar reference piece is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, the bar reference piece is horizontally arranged, and the longitudinal section of the bar reference piece is smaller than that of the telescope objective.
3. An improved fast-tuning spectrometer as defined in claim 2, wherein: the strip-shaped reference piece is positioned in the middle of the objective lens of the telescope.
4. An improved fast-tuning spectrometer as defined in claim 2, wherein: the bar reference is located at the 1/4 height of the telescope objective.
5. An improved fast-tuning spectrometer as defined in claim 2, wherein: the connecting part is of a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is in threaded connection with the telescope objective lens.
6. An improved fast-tuning spectrometer as defined in claim 2, wherein: the connecting part is of a circular ring structure, and the circular ring structure is clamped on the telescope objective lens.
7. A spectrometer adjusting method is characterized in that: use of an improved fast-adjusting spectrometer as claimed in any of claims 1-6 for fast realization of the optical axis of the telescope perpendicular to the double mirror, comprising the steps of,
the telescope is opposite to the double-sided mirror, the objective lens Lo, the reticle P, the reticle cross light source S and the strip-shaped reference object A are respectively and correspondingly reflected by the double-sided mirror to obtain an image Lo ', an image P', a cross virtual light source image S 'and an image A', and the cross virtual light source image S 'on the image P' is converted into parallel light through the Lo 'and converged by the Lo to obtain an image S' on the reticle P;
horizontally arranging a bar-shaped reference object A in the middle of an objective lens Lo, rotating a double-sided mirror around a central shaft of an objective table, and making an image of a middle alignment line of a reticle P in an image P 'plane, the bar-shaped reference object A and an image A' thereof at the same height by adopting a half-adjustment method, and making the distance between the image and an image S 'of the middle alignment line of the reticle P in the image P' plane equal to the distance between a lower alignment line and the middle alignment line;
or, the strip-shaped reference object A is horizontally arranged on the objective lens Lo and is at the height position from the bottom 1/4 of the objective lens, the double-sided mirror is rotated around the central shaft of the objective table, and the strip-shaped reference object A, the strip-shaped reference object image A 'and the cross virtual light source image S' are positioned at the same height by adopting half-adjustment methods.
8. A spectrometer adjustment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: also used for quickly realizing that the optical axis of the telescope is vertical to the main rotating shaft of the spectrometer, comprises the following steps,
adopting each semi-adjustment method or auto-collimation adjustment method to make the image S' on the reticle coincide with the upper alignment line of the reticle after the cross light source S of the reticle is reflected by the double-sided mirror;
and rotating the double-sided mirror by 180 degrees, and adopting each half adjustment method or auto-collimation adjustment method to ensure that the image S' on the reticle after the cross light source S is reflected by the double-sided mirror is superposed with the upper alignment line of the reticle.
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