CN113686746A - PM (particulate matter)2.5Online mass concentration real-time compensation device and method - Google Patents
PM (particulate matter)2.5Online mass concentration real-time compensation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686746A CN113686746A CN202111141337.0A CN202111141337A CN113686746A CN 113686746 A CN113686746 A CN 113686746A CN 202111141337 A CN202111141337 A CN 202111141337A CN 113686746 A CN113686746 A CN 113686746A
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- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008277 atmospheric particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G01N15/075—
Abstract
The invention relates to a PM2.5The online mass concentration real-time compensation device and method comprises the following steps: the inlet end of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe is connected with the cutting head, and the entering particles are divided into two paths to be output; the inlet of the particle scatterometer is connected with one output of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through a drying pipe, and the particle scatterometer is used for obtaining a particle scattering coefficient and transmitting the particle scattering coefficient to the intelligent electronic control terminal; the inlet of the particulate matter monitor is connected with the output of the other path of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through another drying pipe, and the particulate matter monitor is used for obtaining particulate matter mass concentration data and transmitting the data to the intelligent electronic control terminal; the flow controllers are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and are used for controlling the flow of the entering particulate matter; the intelligent electronic control terminal is connected with the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and controls the work of the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor; and calculating to obtain the compensation mass concentration in the atmospheric particulates according to the received particulate scattering coefficient and the particulate concentration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of online measurement of particulate matters in atmospheric environment, in particular to PM2.5On-line mass concentration real-timeProvided are a compensation device and a compensation method.
Background
The mass concentration of the particulate matters in the atmospheric environment can be accurately measured, and the method has important practical significance for evaluating the influences of the atmospheric environment quality, the human health and the climate change. Nitrate and some volatile organics are the main factors that lead to underestimation of atmospheric particulate measurements. At an ambient temperature of 25 c, the deliquescence point (relative humidity during deliquescence) of the nitrate (which is mainly present in the form of ammonium nitrate in the fine particulate matter) is about 62%, so that when the ambient relative humidity is lower than 62%, pure ammonium nitrate gradually decomposes into ammonia gas and gaseous nitric acid, which in turn leads to the actual PM measurement2.5Mass concentration underestimates. In actual environment, nitrate, sulfate and organic matters in the atmospheric particulates exist in a mixed form, so that the mixed deliquescence point of the particulates is less than 62%, and can even reach below 50%. In any case, the existing on-line equipment for atmospheric particulate matters generally collects particulate matters on filter paper, or quantifies the mass concentration of the particulate matters by using a vibration balance or a Beta (Beta) ray method. In the process, the environmental particulate sample needs to be heated and dehumidified, so that the influence of water vapor is reduced as much as possible, but mass loss of most ammonium nitrate and a small amount of organic matters is caused, and the mass concentration of the measured particulate matter is relatively low. The measured particulate matter mass concentration is lower and more obvious under the particulate matter pollution event which is mainly polluted by nitrate. Therefore, in the existing on-line PM2.5The mass concentration of particulate matters is increased on the basis of the monitor for real-time compensation, and the real-time compensation system has important practical significance for accurately evaluating the pollution degree of the urban atmospheric particulate matters.
At present, a method for compensating volatile chemical components in atmospheric particulates mainly adopts a method of cooling a sample to reduce the loss of the volatile chemical components and realize the compensation of the mass concentration of the volatile chemical components. The method has certain effect on compensating volatile organic compounds. However, most urban PM2.5Chemical composition observation shows that the content of low-temperature volatile organic compounds (organic compounds measured by heating pure helium at 120 ℃) in the particles accounts for less than 3 percent of the total organic compound content and accounts for PM2.5The mass concentration is lower (less than 1%), soThe method is used for treating PM in atmospheric environment2.5The actual value of the compensation of the mass concentration is not significant. Nitrate accounts for PM in nitrate dominated particulate matter pollution events relative to low temperature volatile organics2.5The mass concentration can reach more than 30 percent and even exceed 50 percent, so that the PM can be seen2.5The mass concentration most to be compensated is nitrate rather than low temperature volatile organics. Although the sample cooling method can reduce the sample temperature and reduce the loss of low-temperature volatile organic compounds, the temperature reduction can also cause the condensation of water vapor in the atmospheric particulate sample (when the early-stage dehumidification of the sample is not thorough), thereby overestimating the compensated mass concentration. Even if the pre-dehumidification of the sample is thorough, it can result in significant nitrate volatilization losses when the nitrate is collected on the dried filter membrane. When the atmospheric particulate sample temperature is cooled from 25 ℃ to 10 ℃, the deliquescence point of the nitrate rises from 62% to 70%, i.e. as long as the relative humidity on the filter paper is less than 70%, the nitrate will decompose into nitric acid gas, so the method still has great uncertainty for compensating for the loss of nitrate. In addition, there are methods for collecting samples by purging with a purified gas (e.g., nitrogen) cycle to capture volatile chemical components (e.g., dynamic measurement system with filter membrane configured with a vibration balance apparatus from Saimer Feishell technologies, USA) to compensate for PM2.5Mass concentration. In either case, the loss of nitrate is not effectively compensated for by using a filter membrane as a carrier. In general, neither of the two methods described above, based on membrane measurements, solves the problem of nitrate loss well.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a PM2.5The device and the method have the characteristic of real-time online, fully consider the chemical and optical properties of nitrate, adopt non-contact light scattering measurement and are applied to the PM of the existing atmospheric environment monitoring station2.5And (4) online mass concentration compensation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: PM (particulate matter)2.5On-line mass concentration real-time compensation device, it includes: cutting machineThe cutting head is used for preventing particles and raindrops from entering the compensation device; the inlet end of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe is connected with the cutting head, and the inlet particles are divided into two paths to be output; an inlet of the particulate matter scatterometer is connected with one output of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through a drying pipe, and the particulate matter scatterometer is used for obtaining a particulate matter scattering coefficient and transmitting the particulate matter scattering coefficient to the intelligent electronic control terminal; the inlet of the particulate matter monitor is connected with the output of the other path of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through another drying pipe, and the particulate matter monitor is used for obtaining particulate matter mass concentration data and transmitting the data to the intelligent electronic control terminal; the flow controllers are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and are used for controlling the flow of the entering particulate matter; the intelligent electronic control terminal is connected with the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and controls the work of the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor; and calculating to obtain the compensation mass concentration in the atmospheric particulates according to the received particulate scattering coefficient and the particulate concentration.
Further, the cutting head comprises: rainproof insect-proof hat and PM10Cutting head, PM2.5A cutting head and a rain remover;
the rainproof insect-proof cap is arranged on the PM10Top of cutting head, PM10A bottom of the cutting head and the PM2.5The top of the cutting head is connected; is located in the PM2.5The side wall of the top of the cutting head is connected with the rain remover through a pipeline.
Further, the PM10At least four PM are uniformly distributed at the bottom in the cutting head10Cutting holes of the PM2.5The upper part of the cutting head is provided with PM2.5Particle impact plate, said PM2.5The middle part of the particle impact plate is provided with PM2.5And cutting the hole.
Further, the PM10Cutting holes and the PM2.5The cutting holes are arranged in a staggered manner.
Further, the drying tube is a Nafion drying tube and comprises a first stainless steel joint, a Nafion inner tube, a stainless steel outer tube, a blowing hole and a high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor;
the inner pipe made of Nafion material is sleeved inside the outer pipe made of stainless steel material, and an annular gap is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; two ends of the Nafion inner pipe extend to the outside of the stainless steel outer pipe to form two first stainless steel joints;
the high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensors are respectively arranged at two ends of the Nafion inner pipe and used for detecting the temperature and humidity of particulate matters at the inlet and the outlet of the drying pipe and transmitting the temperature and humidity to the intelligent electronic control terminal;
the side walls at two ends of the stainless steel outer pipe are respectively provided with one blowing hole, and the output end of the drying pipe is connected with the inlet of the flow controller.
Further, the particulate matter scatterometer comprises a second stainless steel joint, a hollow optical chamber, an optical emission source and an optical detector;
the two ends of the hollow optical cavity are respectively provided with the second stainless steel joints, transparent windows are respectively arranged on the two sides of the middle part of the hollow optical cavity, the optical emission source is arranged at one of the transparent windows, the optical detector is arranged at the other transparent window, and the optical emission source and the optical detector are positioned on the same horizontal line; after the atmospheric particulate matters in the hollow optical cavity are irradiated by the light emitted by the optical emission source, detecting a light intensity attenuation signal by the optical detector to obtain a particulate matter scattering coefficient; the optical emission source and the optical detector are connected with the intelligent electronic control terminal.
Further, the particulate matter monitor adopts a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor, and comprises a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host, a sample injection stainless steel pipeline, a data acquisition unit, a stainless steel exhaust pipeline and a 220V alternating current power supply interface;
one end of the sample injection stainless steel pipeline is connected with the drying pipe, the other end of the sample injection stainless steel pipeline is connected with the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host, and dried particulate matters are sent into the data collector arranged in the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host;
the stainless steel exhaust pipeline is arranged on the side part of the main machine of the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor and is used for being connected with an inlet of the flow controller;
the 220V alternating current power supply interface is connected with the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host computer and is used for supplying power to the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host computer.
Further, the device also comprises a vacuum pump; are respectively arranged at the inlet of the drying pipe and the outlet of the flow controller.
Furthermore, the intelligent electronic control terminal comprises a host, an input power supply, an output power supply, a data display screen and a mechanical control key;
the host is internally preset with a data processing program which is used for receiving the relative humidity and temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the drying pipe, the scattering coefficient of the particulate matters and the PM under the drying condition2.5After the mass concentration is processed and calculated by the data processing program, PM is realized2.5Mass concentration compensation;
the input power supply is used for being connected with an external power supply, and the output power supply is used for supplying power to the host;
the data display screen is connected with the host and used for displaying received data information and a processing result;
and the mechanical control key is connected with the host and used for manually adjusting parameters of the host.
PM (particulate matter)2.5The online mass concentration real-time compensation method is realized based on the compensation device and comprises the following steps:
measuring the scattering coefficient of the particles under the drying condition time by time and the PM measured by a particulate monitor adopting a Beta ray method2.5The ratio of mass concentration is taken as PM2.5Measured values of mass scattering efficiency, which are compared with the initially specified PM2.5Comparing the theoretical values of mass scattering efficiency to obtain the PM2.5The variation amplitude of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency;
calculating an ammonium nitrate deliquescence point based on actually measured temperature and humidity data of an inlet of the drying pipe, and comparing the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point with the relative humidity of the actual environment;
measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5If the variation range of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is lower than the preset threshold value, the nitrate concentration in the atmospheric environment is judged to be low without PM2.5Mass concentration compensation;
measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5The variation amplitude of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is larger than a preset threshold value, and the relative humidity of the actual environment is larger than or equal to the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, the fact that the particulate matter monitor adopting the Beta-ray method has the nitrate loss phenomenon is judged, and the PM with the variation amplitude lower than the preset threshold value in the previous period is automatically called2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is used as a calculation parameter of the time interval, and the PM of the previous time interval is divided by the measured particle scattering coefficient of the time interval2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is obtained to obtain the PM compensated at the time period2.5Mass concentration.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the top of the invention is a PM with 16.7L/min inlet flow10Sampling heads or PMs2.5A cutting head to block particles larger than 10 microns or 2.5 microns and other substances (such as raindrops, mosquitoes and the like) from entering the device pipeline.
2. PM used in the invention2.5A herringbone three-way pipe is arranged below the cutting head to divide the air flow into 2 paths (the flow of each path is 8.35 liters/min): one path of the sample is connected with a particulate matter scatterometer, a flow controller and a vacuum pump in sequence after passing through a Nafion drying tube; and the other path of the water passes through a Nafion drying tube and is sequentially connected with a Beta ray method particulate matter monitor, a flow controller and a vacuum pump. The air inlet and the air outlet of the particulate matter scatterometer are provided with temperature and humidity sensors, so that the temperature and the relative humidity of a sample in the particulate matter scatterometer can be measured in real time and transmitted to the intelligent electronic control terminal for storage in real time. The flow control signals of the two flow controllers are controlled by an intelligent electronic control terminal. The two Nafion dry tube purge gases are supplied with compressed dry gas from a vacuum pump. Real-time calling of particulate matter scattering coefficient and temperature and humidity data of intelligent electronic control terminal and PM measured by Beta ray method particulate matter monitor2.5Quality ofConcentration data, real-time calculation to give compensated PM2.5Mass concentration.
3. The invention has the advantages of low equipment cost, simple operation and high automation degree, and is convenient to install and use in various atmospheric environment monitoring stations. The device is easy to install, disassemble and transport, is easy to maintain, and can be installed and used in atmospheric environment monitoring stations under different geographical and natural conditions such as cities, suburbs, forests, mountains and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a PM according to an embodiment of the present invention2.5The online mass concentration real-time compensation device is structurally schematic;
FIG. 2 shows a PM according to an embodiment of the invention2.5The structure of the cutting head is schematic;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a herringbone stainless steel tee in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a Nafion drying tube in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a particle scatterometer in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a Beta-ray method particulate monitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent electronic control terminal in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow controller in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a vacuum pump in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention provides a PM2.5An online mass concentration real-time compensation device and method, which comprises a PM2.5The device comprises a cutting head, a herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe, two Nafion drying pipes, a particulate matter scatterometer, a Beta ray method particulate matter monitor, an intelligent electronic control terminal, a two-flow controller, two vacuum pumps and a computer software system. The top of the device is PM with a gas inlet flow of 16.7 liters/minute2.5A herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe is connected below the cutting head to divide air flow into two paths (each path is 8.35 liters/minute), a Nafion drying pipe is arranged, a particulate matter scatterometer and a Beta ray method particulate matter monitor are respectively connected, a high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor is arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the Nafion drying pipe, and the particulate matter scattering coefficient and the PM under the dry condition are synchronously measured in real time2.5Mass concentration, actual environment and temperature and humidity of the dried sample gas flow. Outputting the compensated PM using a data processing program based on the data2.5Mass concentration. The invention is suitable for the atmospheric particulate matter PM in the atmospheric environment monitoring standard station2.5Compensation for loss of volatile chemical components during mass concentration measurement.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a PM is provided2.5On-line mass concentration real-time compensation device, in this embodiment, it includes:
the cutting head 1 is used for blocking particulate matters and raindrops from entering the compensation device;
the inlet end of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe 2 is connected with the cutting head 1, and the entering particles are divided into two paths to be output;
an inlet of the particulate matter scatterometer 4 is connected with one output of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe 2 through a drying pipe 3, and the particulate matter scatterometer is used for obtaining a particulate matter scattering coefficient and transmitting the particulate matter scattering coefficient to the intelligent electronic control terminal 6;
the inlet of the particulate matter monitor 5 is connected with the output of the other path of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe 2 through the other drying pipe 3, and the particulate matter monitor is used for obtaining particulate matter mass concentration data and transmitting the data to the intelligent electronic control terminal 6;
the flow controllers 7 are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the particulate matter scatterometer 4 and the particulate matter monitor 5 and are used for controlling the flow of the entering particulate matter;
the intelligent electronic control terminal 6 is connected with the flow controller 7, the particulate matter scatterometer 4 and the particulate matter monitor 5 and controls the work of the particulate matter scatterometer 4 and the particulate matter monitor 5; and calculating to obtain the compensation mass concentration in the atmospheric particulates according to the received particulate scattering coefficient and the particulate concentration.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the cutting head 1 comprises a rain and insect proof cap 11, PM10Cutting head 12, PM2.5 A cutting head 14 and a rain remover 16; the rainproof insect-proof cap 11 is arranged on PM10Top of cutting head 12, PM10Bottom of cutting head 12 and PM2.5The top of cutting head 14 is connected; in PM2.5Cutting head 14 is connected to rain wiper 16 by a conduit at the top side wall.
Wherein PM10At least four PMs are uniformly distributed at the bottom in the cutting head 1210Cutting holes 13, PM2.5The upper part of cutting head 14 is provided with PM2.5Particle impact plate, PM2.5The middle part of the particle impact plate is provided with PM2.5The holes 15 are cut.
Rainproof insect-proof cap 11 and PM10Between cutting heads 12, PM10Cutting head 12 and PM2.5Between cutting heads 14, and PM2.5The cutting head 14 and the rain remover 16 are in threaded connection; PM (particulate matter)10Cutting head 12 and PM10PM between the cut holes 132.5 Cutting head 14 and PM2.5The cutting holes 15 are all connected by welding.
Preferably, PM10Cutting holes 13 and PM2.5The cutting holes 15 are staggered.
Preferably, PM2.5Cutting head 14 mayChange to PM10Cutting 12 heads for PM10The mass concentration is compensated.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the chevron stainless steel tee 2 is made up of a stainless steel tube 21 and a chevron stainless steel shunt tube 22; the stainless steel pipe 1 is in threaded connection with the herringbone stainless steel shunt pipe 22.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the drying tube 3 is a Nafion drying tube, and includes a first stainless steel joint 31, an inner tube 32 made of Nafion material, an outer tube 33 made of stainless steel material, a purge hole 34, and a high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor 35.
The inner pipe 32 made of Nafion material is sleeved inside the outer pipe 33 made of stainless steel material, and an annular gap is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; two ends of the Nafion inner pipe 32 extend to the outside of the stainless steel outer pipe 33 to form two first stainless steel joints 31;
two ends of the inner tube 32 made of the Nafion material are respectively provided with a high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor 35 for detecting the temperature and humidity of the particulate matters at the inlet and the outlet of the drying tube 3 and transmitting the temperature and humidity to the intelligent electronic control terminal 6;
the side walls at two ends of the stainless steel outer pipe 33 are respectively provided with a purging hole 34, and the output end of the drying pipe 3 is connected with the inlet of the flow controller 7.
When the device is used, dry compressed air enters the annular gap through one of the blowing holes 34, and water vapor displaced from the particulate matter sample by the Nafion inner tube 32 is taken away from the other blowing hole 34, so that the purpose of continuously drying the particulate matter sample is achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the particulate matter scatterometer 4 comprises a second stainless steel fitting 41, a hollow optical chamber 42, an optical emission source 43, and an optical detector 44. The hollow optical chamber 42 adopts a cylindrical hollow structure.
Two ends of the hollow optical chamber 42 are respectively provided with a second stainless steel joint 41, two transparent windows are respectively arranged at two sides of the middle part of the hollow optical chamber 42, an optical emission source 43 is arranged at one transparent window, an optical detector 44 is arranged at the other transparent window, and the optical emission source 43 and the optical detector 44 are positioned on the same horizontal line; after the light emitted by the optical emission source 43 irradiates atmospheric particulates in the hollow optical cavity 42, the light intensity attenuation signal is detected by the optical detector 44 to obtain a particulate scattering coefficient; the optical emission source 43 and the optical detector 44 are both connected with the intelligent electronic control terminal 6.
In the present embodiment, the optical emission source 43 may be selected from an emission light source of 550 nm (not limited to the above wavelength). After the light emitted by the optical emission source 43 irradiates the atmospheric particulates in the cylindrical hollow optical chamber 42, the light intensity attenuation signal is detected by the optical detector 44, and the scattering coefficient of the particulates is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the particulate matter monitor 5 adopts a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor, and comprises a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host 51, a sample introduction stainless steel pipeline 52, a data collector 53, a stainless steel exhaust pipeline 54 and a 220V alternating current power supply interface 55.
One end of a sample injection stainless steel pipeline 52 is connected with the drying pipe 3, the other end of the sample injection stainless steel pipeline 52 is connected with a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host 51, and dried particulate matters are sent into a data collector 53 arranged in the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host 51;
the stainless steel exhaust pipeline 54 is arranged on the side part of the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor main machine 51 and is used for being connected with an inlet of the flow controller 7;
the 220V alternating current power supply interface 55 is connected with the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host 51 and is used for supplying power to the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host 51.
In this embodiment, the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor 5 may adopt a conventional atmospheric particulate matter monitor of an atmospheric monitoring station, which is not limited herein.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the intelligent electronic control terminal 6 comprises a host 61, an input power supply (220V)62, an output power supply (12V)63, a data display 64 and mechanical control keys 65.
The host 61 is preset with a data processing program for receiving the relative humidity and temperature of the inlet and outlet of the drying tube 3 and the particle scattering system under the drying conditionNumber sum PM2.5After the mass concentration is processed and calculated by a data processing program, PM is realized2.5Mass concentration compensation;
the input power supply 62 is used for connecting with an external power supply, and the output power supply 63 is used for supplying power to the host;
the data display screen 64 is connected with the host 61 and used for displaying received data information and processing results;
the mechanical control key 65 is connected with the host 61 and is used for manually adjusting parameters of the host.
In this embodiment, the intelligent electronic control terminal 6 mainly provides power and data acquisition, storage, or flow control functions for the particulate matter scatterometer 4, the high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor 35, and the flow controller 7.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the flow controller 7 is comprised of a stainless steel pipe 71, a solenoid valve 72, a power source 73 and a solenoid valve controller 74. A 12V dc power supply 73 powers the solenoid valve 72 and the solenoid valve controller 74. The solenoid valve controller 74 receives the input flow rate information and controls the opening degree of the solenoid valve 72 to achieve the purpose of controlling the flow rate. The power supply and the flow control of the flow controller 7 are both provided by the intelligent electronic control terminal 6.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 9, the present invention further comprises a vacuum pump 8. Vacuum pumps 8 are provided at the inlet of the drying duct 3 and at the outlet of the flow controller 7, respectively.
Wherein, the vacuum pump 8 is composed of a vacuum pump main machine 81, a power supply 82, an air inlet pipe 83, an air outlet pipe 84 and two damping bases 85; the vacuum pump main unit 81 is arranged on the two shock absorption bases 85, and the power supply 82 is positioned at the upper part of the vacuum pump main unit 81 and used for supplying power to the vacuum pump main unit 81; an air inlet pipe 83 and an air outlet pipe 84 are arranged at the end part of the vacuum pump main body 81. The air inlet pipe 83 and the air outlet pipe 84 are in threaded connection with the vacuum pump main body 81.
In summary, when the present embodiment is used, the present PM is used2.5After the online mass concentration real-time compensation device is placed in a certain atmospheric environment monitoring station, all units are connected through rubber hoses or stainless steel pipes respectively, and then a power supply is switched on to start running. In a vacuum pump 8Under the action of the generated negative pressure, atmospheric particulates firstly pass through PM at the flow rate of 16.7 liters/min2.5The collecting and cutting head 1 is used for preventing particles larger than 2.5 microns and rain drops from entering a measuring system, then respectively enters two Nafion drying tubes 3 through a herringbone stainless steel three-way tube 2 at the flow rate of 8.35 liters/minute, and then respectively enters a particle scatterometer 4 and a Beta ray method particle monitor 5, and respectively has an atmospheric scattering coefficient and PM under dry conditions2.5Mass concentration. The scattering coefficient of the particles measured by the particle scatterometer 4 and the relative humidity and temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the Nafion drying tube are collected and stored by the intelligent electronic control terminal 6. The air outlets of a particle scatterometer 4 and a Beta ray method particle monitor 5 are respectively connected with a flow controller 7 and then connected with the same vacuum pump 8. The power and flow settings of the flow controller 7 are provided and controlled by the intelligent electronic control terminal 6. Another vacuum pump 8 provides a dry purge gas to the two Nafion dry tubes 3 to dry the sample of atmospheric particulates passing through the Nafion dry tubes 3. The intelligent electronic control terminal 6 calculates the PM in real time according to the received data2.5Compensating for mass concentration.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a PM is provided2.5The online mass concentration real-time compensation method is realized based on the compensation devices in the embodiments, and comprises the following steps:
In the above embodiment, the predetermined threshold is preferably 10%. Then in step 3, the PM under dry conditions is measured, time by time2.5The variation range of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is lower than 10 percent, and whether the relative humidity of the actual environment is greater than or less than the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, the nitrate concentration in the atmospheric environment can be judged to be lower, and the PM can be judged2.5The influence of mass concentration is small, and PM does not need to be further compensated2.5Mass concentration compensation; in step 4, PM under dry conditions is measured time by time2.5The variation amplitude of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is more than 10%, and the relative humidity of the actual environment is more than or equal to the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, the fact that the particulate matter monitor adopting the Beta-ray method has obvious nitrate loss is judged, and the software system automatically calls the PM in the previous time period2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency (the variation amplitude is less than 10%) is used as a calculation parameter of the time period, and the PM of the previous time period is divided by the measured particle scattering coefficient of the time period2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is obtained, and then the PM compensated at the time period is obtained2.5Mass concentration.
In this embodiment, the method further includes the following steps: measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5The variation range of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is larger than a preset threshold value, and the relative humidity of the actual environment is smaller than the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, calculating the absolute difference between the relative humidity of the actual environment and the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, if the difference between the relative humidity of the actual environment and the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point is smaller than a set value, judging the condition caused by organic matter loss, and marking an abnormal alarmAnd informing a mark to check the data, judging the nitrate loss if the difference value between the two is greater than a set value, and marking an abnormal warning mark to check the data. Preferably, the set value is preferably 5%.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5And if the difference value between the actual environment relative humidity and the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point is less than 5%, judging that the actual environment relative humidity is caused by the loss of the organic matters, and marking an abnormal warning mark to prepare for checking data, and if the difference value between the actual environment relative humidity and the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point is more than 5%, judging that the actual environment relative humidity is caused by the loss of the nitrate, and marking an abnormal warning mark to prepare for checking data. Through data accumulation under similar scenes and intelligent learning, whether PM according to a previous time period is needed or not is further judged2.5Measured value of mass scattering efficiency to PM2.5The mass concentration is compensated.
In the present embodiment, PM is used in Guangzhou region2.5The seasonal variation range of the mass scattering efficiency (particulate matter scattering coefficient ÷ particulate matter mass concentration) is 3.5-3.9 square meters/gram, and the PM is in the same season2.5The mass scattering efficiency has smaller change amplitude (<5％)。
After drying by a Nafion drying tube, the scattering coefficient of the particles under the drying condition measured by a particle scatterometer is lower than 10% (pipeline loss and nitrate volatilization loss). In a word, because the residence time of the particles in the particle scatterometer chamber is short, and the volatilization loss of the nitrate is in a controllable range, the change trend of the concentration of the particles in the actual atmospheric environment can be better reflected.
Particulate matter scattering coefficient measured by particulate matter scatterometer is accurate and PM2.5Mass scattering efficiency does not vary widely and can therefore be based on the particulate matter scattering coefficient and PM2.5Mass scattering efficiency can be further calculated for PM2.5Mass concentration.
PM measured by particulate matter scattering coefficient real-time calculation and Beta ray method particulate matter monitor2.5Ratio of mass concentration (PM)2.5Measured value of mass scattering efficiency) And with the initially given PM2.5And comparing the mass scattering efficiency theoretical values to judge whether obvious loss of volatile chemical components exists. When PM2.5PM with mass scattering efficiency measured value larger than initial value2.5When the theoretical value of the mass scattering efficiency is preset with a threshold value, the PM measured by the particulate matter monitor adopting the Beta-ray method is judged2.5The mass concentration has obvious loss of volatile chemical components, and the PM in the previous period is automatically taken2.5Measured mass scattering efficiency as PM in the time period2.5Mass scattering efficiency, analogized calculation of PM in different time periods2.5Mass scattering efficiency, further calculating PM in different time periods by using actually measured particulate matter scattering coefficients2.5Average mass concentration, achieving PM2.5And (5) compensating the mass concentration.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. PM (particulate matter)2.5On-line mass concentration real-time compensation device, its characterized in that includes:
the cutting head is used for blocking particulate matters and raindrops from entering the compensation device;
the inlet end of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe is connected with the cutting head, and the inlet particles are divided into two paths to be output;
an inlet of the particulate matter scatterometer is connected with one output of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through a drying pipe, and the particulate matter scatterometer is used for obtaining a particulate matter scattering coefficient and transmitting the particulate matter scattering coefficient to the intelligent electronic control terminal;
the inlet of the particulate matter monitor is connected with the output of the other path of the herringbone stainless steel three-way pipe through another drying pipe, and the particulate matter monitor is used for obtaining particulate matter mass concentration data and transmitting the data to the intelligent electronic control terminal;
the flow controllers are respectively arranged at the outlet ends of the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and are used for controlling the flow of the entering particulate matter;
the intelligent electronic control terminal is connected with the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor and controls the work of the flow controller, the particulate matter scatterometer and the particulate matter monitor; and calculating to obtain the compensation mass concentration in the atmospheric particulates according to the received particulate scattering coefficient and the particulate concentration.
2. The compensating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting head comprises: rainproof insect-proof hat and PM10Cutting head, PM2.5A cutting head and a rain remover;
the rainproof insect-proof cap is arranged on the PM10Top of cutting head, PM10A bottom of the cutting head and the PM2.5The top of the cutting head is connected; is located in the PM2.5The side wall of the top of the cutting head is connected with the rain remover through a pipeline.
3. The compensation apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the PM is10At least four PM are uniformly distributed at the bottom in the cutting head10Cutting holes of the PM2.5The upper part of the cutting head is provided with PM2.5Particle impact plate, said PM2.5The middle part of the particle impact plate is provided with PM2.5And cutting the hole.
4. The compensation apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the PM is10Cutting holes and the PM2.5The cutting holes are arranged in a staggered manner.
5. The compensation apparatus of claim 1,
the drying pipe is a Nafion drying pipe and comprises a first stainless steel joint, a Nafion inner pipe, a stainless steel outer pipe, a blowing hole and a high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensor;
the inner pipe made of Nafion material is sleeved inside the outer pipe made of stainless steel material, and an annular gap is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; two ends of the Nafion inner pipe extend to the outside of the stainless steel outer pipe to form two first stainless steel joints;
the high-sensitivity temperature and humidity sensors are respectively arranged at two ends of the Nafion inner pipe and used for detecting the temperature and humidity of particulate matters at the inlet and the outlet of the drying pipe and transmitting the temperature and humidity to the intelligent electronic control terminal;
the side walls at two ends of the stainless steel outer pipe are respectively provided with one blowing hole, and the output end of the drying pipe is connected with the inlet of the flow controller.
6. The compensation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the particulate matter scatterometer comprises a second stainless steel fitting, a hollow optical chamber, an optical emission source, and an optical detector;
the two ends of the hollow optical cavity are respectively provided with the second stainless steel joints, transparent windows are respectively arranged on the two sides of the middle part of the hollow optical cavity, the optical emission source is arranged at one of the transparent windows, the optical detector is arranged at the other transparent window, and the optical emission source and the optical detector are positioned on the same horizontal line; after the atmospheric particulate matters in the hollow optical cavity are irradiated by the light emitted by the optical emission source, detecting a light intensity attenuation signal by the optical detector to obtain a particulate matter scattering coefficient; the optical emission source and the optical detector are connected with the intelligent electronic control terminal.
7. The compensation device of claim 1, wherein the particulate matter monitor adopts a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor, and comprises a Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host, a sample injection stainless steel pipeline, a data acquisition unit, a stainless steel exhaust pipeline and a 220V alternating current power supply interface;
one end of the sample injection stainless steel pipeline is connected with the drying pipe, the other end of the sample injection stainless steel pipeline is connected with the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host, and dried particulate matters are sent into the data collector arranged in the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host;
the stainless steel exhaust pipeline is arranged on the side part of the main machine of the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor and is used for being connected with an inlet of the flow controller;
the 220V alternating current power supply interface is connected with the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host computer and is used for supplying power to the Beta-ray method particulate matter monitor host computer.
8. The compensating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a vacuum pump; are respectively arranged at the inlet of the drying pipe and the outlet of the flow controller.
9. The compensation device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intelligent electronic control terminal comprises a host, an input power supply, an output power supply, a data display screen and a mechanical control key;
the host is internally preset with a data processing program which is used for receiving the relative humidity and temperature of the inlet and the outlet of the drying pipe, the scattering coefficient of the particulate matters and the PM under the drying condition2.5After the mass concentration is processed and calculated by the data processing program, PM is realized2.5Mass concentration compensation;
the input power supply is used for being connected with an external power supply, and the output power supply is used for supplying power to the host;
the data display screen is connected with the host and used for displaying received data information and a processing result;
and the mechanical control key is connected with the host and used for manually adjusting parameters of the host.
10. PM (particulate matter)2.5Method for on-line real-time compensation of mass concentration, characterized in that it is implemented on the basis of a compensation device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
will measure the drying condition time by timePM measured by particulate matter scattering coefficient and Beta ray method particulate matter monitor2.5The ratio of mass concentration is taken as PM2.5Measured values of mass scattering efficiency, which are compared with the initially specified PM2.5Comparing the theoretical values of mass scattering efficiency to obtain the PM2.5The variation amplitude of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency;
calculating an ammonium nitrate deliquescence point based on actually measured temperature and humidity data of an inlet of the drying pipe, and comparing the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point with the relative humidity of the actual environment;
measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5If the variation range of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is lower than the preset threshold value, the nitrate concentration in the atmospheric environment is judged to be low without PM2.5Mass concentration compensation;
measurement of PM under Dry conditions on a time-by-time basis2.5The variation amplitude of the measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is larger than a preset threshold value, and the relative humidity of the actual environment is larger than or equal to the ammonium nitrate deliquescence point, the fact that the particulate matter monitor adopting the Beta-ray method has the nitrate loss phenomenon is judged, and the PM with the variation amplitude lower than the preset threshold value in the previous period is automatically called2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is used as a calculation parameter of the time interval, and the PM of the previous time interval is divided by the measured particle scattering coefficient of the time interval2.5The measured value of the mass scattering efficiency is obtained to obtain the PM compensated at the time period2.5Mass concentration.
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